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The Mythology of Death in the Old Testament

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2009

Extract

It is now some seventy-five years since the problem of myth in the Old Testament tradition was first formulated in any detail by Gunkel. He drew attention to mythological elements in the tradition of Israel which could not be explained merely in terms of fortuitous parallelism with other myths of the ancient orient. He saw that much of this mythology could be traced to Babylonian and Assyrian sources; but he set out to examine how the myth had come into the Old Testament and how it had been made to conform to the thought and understanding of Israel. He dealt with such various themes as the Creation, the Flood, Rahab and Leviathan and tehōm He noted how mythological figures, such as the Dragon in the Sea were linked to historical persons and events, e.g. the hubris of the sea-dragon is the hubris of Pharaoh and Egypt in Ezekiel 29 and 32.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Scottish Journal of Theology Ltd 1973

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References

page 327 note 1 Gunkel, H., Schöpfung und Chaos in Urzeit und Endzeit (Göttingen, 1895).Google Scholar

page 327 note 2 Gunkel, op. cit., pp. 4ff.

page 327 note 3 ibid., p. 75.

page 327 note 4 ibid., p. 79.

page 328 note 1 McKenzie, J. L., Myths and Realities (Milwaukee, 1963), pp. 182, ‘Myth and the Old Testament’.Google Scholar

page 328 note 2 Barr, J., ‘The Meaning of Mythology in Relation to the Old Testament’, Vetus Testamentum, ix (Leiden, 1959), pp. 1ff.Google Scholar

page 329 note 1 Childs, B. S., Myth and Reality in the Old Testament (London, 1962) pp. 31ff.Google Scholar

page 331 note 1 Lambert, W. J., Babylonian Wisdom Literature (Oxford, 1960), p. 59, 4ff.Google Scholar

page 331 note 2 von Soden, W. (and A. Falkenstein), Sumerische und Akkadische Hymnen and Gebeten (Zürich, 1953), pp. 228, 263, 269 for the three quotationsGoogle Scholar.

page 331 note 3 Widengren, G., The Akkadian and Hebrew Psalms of Lamentation as Religious Documents (Uppsala, 1937), pp. 118ffGoogle Scholar. While this book is valuable for the listing of parallels between Akkadian and Hebrew psalms, it must be used with extreme caution owing to a tendency on the part of the author to ‘Akkadianise’ the psalms in the Old Testament.

page 333 note 1 Barth, C., Die Errettung vom Tode (Zollikon, 1947), passim.Google Scholar

page 334 note 1 Pritchard, J. B. (ed.), Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament (2nd ed., Princeton, 1955), pp. 72ff, Text Tablet VII, col. iv, lines 33–51.Google Scholar