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The Gnostic Library of Nag Hammadi

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2009

Extract

From the time of their first discovery the Dead Sea Scrolls have aroused keen interest in the world of scholarship, while the publication of certain sensational theories regarding the relation of these documents to the origins of Christianity has brought them to the notice of the general public also. The result has been a consistent flow of books and articles, ranging from detailed scholarly analyses based on minute study of the texts to more or less popular presentations. The whole area in which the Scrolls were found has been thoroughly explored, and yet more documents discovered. The texts themselves have been subjected to the closest scrutiny by workers in many fields of learning. Answers have been found for some old problems, and new questions have been raised for investigation; and still the study continues. It has been reckoned that the number of publications relating to the Scrolls is now in excess of three thousand, and still the end is not in sight, for not all the texts have yet been published.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Scottish Journal of Theology Ltd 1959

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References

page 161 note 1 Nock, A. D. in J.T.S., ix (1958), 315.Google Scholar

page 162 note 1 The phrase is that of Robert Law, The Tests of Life (Edinburgh, 1909), 26.Google Scholar

page 162 note 2 cf. Foerster, , ‘Das Wesen der Gnosis’, in Die Welt als Geschichte (1955), 100ff, esp. 102.Google Scholar

page 162 note 3 See for example Bultmann's Theology of the NT and his Primitive Christianity in its Contemporary Setting; Jonas, , Gnosis und spätantiker Geist (vol. i, 1934, 1954; vol. ii, pt. 1, 1954)Google Scholar; and most recently Becker, , Die Reden des Johannesevangeliums und der Stil der gnostischen Offenbarungsrede (Göttingen, 1956)Google Scholar, and Schmithals, , Die Gnosis in Korinth (Göttingen, 1956).Google Scholar

page 162 note 4 The Background of the NT and its Eschatology (ed. Davies, W. D. and Daube, D., Cambridge, 1956) 52ff.Google Scholar

page 163 note 1 Some points in this paragraph are more fully discussed in Wilson, , The Gnostic Problem (London, 1958).Google Scholar

page 163 note 2 According to the Scriptures (London, 1952), 136f.Google Scholar

page 163 note 3 cf. Kelly, , Early Christian Doctrines (London, 1958), 17Google Scholar, and for a full study Daniélou, , Théologie judéo-christianisme (Paris, 1958).Google Scholar

page 164 note 1 The Christian Platonisls of Alexandria (Oxford, 1886), 28.Google Scholar

page 164 note 2 The Jung Codex (ed. Cross, F. L., London, 1955), 29.Google Scholar

page 164 note 3 La gnose valentinienne et le témoignage de s. Irénée (Paris, 1947).Google Scholar

page 164 note 4 The fragments are collected in Völker, , Quellen zur Geschichte der christlichen Gnosis (Tübingen, 1932)Google Scholar; those of Heracleon are edited by Brooke, , The Fragments of Heracleon (Texts and Studies, i.4, Cambridge, 1891)Google Scholar, the Excerpta ex Theodoto by Casey, (Studies and Documents, i, London, 1934)Google Scholar and Sagnard (Sources chrétiennes, 23, Paris, 1948), and the Epistle to Flora by Quispel, (Sources chretiennes, Paris, 1949)Google Scholar

page 164 note 5 German translation in Schmidt, , Koptisch-gnostische Schriften (2nd ed., revised by Till, W. C., Berlin, 1954)Google Scholar. The anonymous work in the Bruce Codex is edited by MissBaynes, C. A., A Coptic Gnostic Treatise (Cambridge, 1933).Google Scholar

page 165 note 1 Till, , Die gnostischen Schriften des koptischen Papyrus Berolinensis 850s (Berlin, 1955).Google Scholar

page 165 note 2 Philotesia. Paul Kleinert … dargebracht (Berlin, 1907), 315ffGoogle Scholar. For summaries of this Apocryphon see Till, in JEH, 3.14fGoogle Scholar and Wilson, , The Gnostic Problem, 149ff.Google Scholar

page 165 note 3 cf.J.T.S., vii (1956), 248ff.

page 165 note 4 cf. Doresse, , Les livres secrets des gnostiques d'Égypte (Paris, 1958), 228ffGoogle Scholar, and his article in Vig. Chr., ii (1948), 137ff.

page 165 note 5 Sagnard, , La gnose valentinienne, 439ffGoogle Scholar, presents a summary in parallel columns which makes the connexion clear.

page 166 note 1 Gnosis als Weltreligion (Zürich, 1951), 3.Google Scholar

page 166 note 2 Apoc.Joh., 76.10–15 (Till, pp. 192/3).

page 166 note 3 Coptic Gnostic Papyri in the Coptic Museum at Old Cairo (ed. Labib, , Cairo, 1956).Google Scholar

page 166 note 4 Gospel of Thomas in TLZ, 1958, 481ff (Leipoldt, J.)Google Scholar, The Hypostasis of the Archons, ibid. 661ff (H. M. Schenke), Gospel of Philip, ibid. 1959, Iff (H. M. Schenke).

page 166 note 5 Les limes secrets (see p. 165, n. 4, above). The English edition is to be published by Messrs Hollis and Carter.

page 166 note 6 The Jung Codex, ed. Cross, F. L. (London, 1955).Google Scholar

page 166 note 7 Evangelium Veritatis, ed. Malinine, , Puech and Quispel, Zürich, 1956Google Scholar. For an account of this document see The Jung Codex, and for a brief summary Wilson, , The Gnostic Problem, 155ffGoogle Scholar. In Ned. Theol. Tijdschrift, 11, 177, Quispel has claimed that this Gospel of Truth represents a transposition of Johannine data into Gnostic terms. In NTS, v (1959), 130ff, L. Cerfaux has carefully compared the ideas of this document with those of Paul in Rom. 1. Professor van Unnik (The Jung Codex, 104) has put forward the thesis that the Gospel of Truth was written by Valentinus c. A.D. 140–5, before the development of the typically ‘Gnostic’ dogmas, but this has already been challenged by Haenchen (review in ZKG, 67), Leipoldt (TLZ, 1957, 831) and Schenke (TLZ, 1958, 497, n. 1). It is however accepted provisionally by Barrett, C. K. (Exp. Times, lxix.169)Google Scholar. Till, in Orientalia, 27 (1958), 269ff has suggested numerous alternatives to the readings and translations of the published edition.Google Scholar

page 167 note 1 Translation by Schenke, in TLZ, 1958, 497ffGoogle Scholar, where other pages belonging to the Jung Codex are also identified among those published in the photographic edition.

page 167 note 2 Puech, in Coptic Studies in Honor of W. E. Crum (Boston, 1950), 91ffGoogle Scholar, Doresse, op. cit., 165ff. Some of the MSS are numbered differently in these two lists, but the inventories have been collated by van Unnik (see next note), 14ff.

page 167 note 3 Openbaringen uit Egyptisch Zand (den Haag, 1958). References to the earlier literature will be found in the books and articles listed in these notes, but special mention may be made of two articles by Puech and Quispel: ‘Les ecrits gnostiques du Codex Jung’, Vig. Chr., viii (1954), 1–51, and ‘Le quatrieme écrit du Codex Jung’, ibid., ix (1955), 65–102.

page 167 note 4 op. cit., 16gff. It may be noted that the inventories show only one apocryphal book of Acts (of Peter), a point which may be of some significance.

page 167 note 5 The Jung Codex, 20.

page 168 note 1 See p. 165, m., above.

page 168 note 2 Openbaringen, 66.

page 168 note 3 op. cit., 21.

page 168 note 4 The Jung Codex, 95.

page 168 note 5 Latin translation by Garitte, G. of the parts corresponding to the Oxyrhynchus Logia in Muséon, 70 (1957), 59ffGoogle Scholar, and of certain ‘parables of the kingdom’, with a commentary by L. Cerfaux, ibid., 307ff. German translation in TLZ, 1958, 481ff. See Puech, in C. R. Acad. Inscrr. et Belles Lettres, 1957 (Paris, 1958), 146ffGoogle Scholar, for a full study in which references to some of these logia in later literature are identified.

page 169 note 1 Gnosis als Weltreligion, 12.

page 169 note 2 Openbaringen, 78f.

page 169 note 3 Vig. Chr., xi (1957), 189ffGoogle Scholar. This article discusses the possibility that these Agrapha were derived from a Jewish-Christian Gospel originally written in Aramaic. Our knowledge of the Gospel according to the Hebrews is however insufficient to admit of far-reaching conclusions.

page 169 note 4 Openbaringen, 79.