^{page 145 note 1} Calvin, , Commentaries on the Catholic Epistles, tr. & ed. Owen, J. (T. Constable, Edinburgh, 1855), 65.Google Scholar

^{page 146 note 1} Calvin, , Commentaries on the Epistle of St. Paul to the Romans tr. & ed. Owen, J. (Calvin Translation Society, henceforth CTS, Edinburgh, 1844), 452.Google Scholar

^{page 146 note 2} Calvin, , on Isa. 18.7, in Commentary on the Book of the Prophet Isaiah, tr. Pringle, W. (4 vols., CTS, Edinburgh, 1863), II, 45.Google Scholar

^{page 146 note 3} Calvin, , Commentaries upon the Acts of the Apostles, tr. & ed. Beveridge, H. (2 vols., CTS, Edinburgh, 1844), I, 499.Google Scholar

^{page 146 note 4} Calvin, , Romans, 527Google Scholar; cf. also his Commentaries on the Epistles of Paul the Apostle to the Philippians, Colossians, and Thessalonians, tr. & ed. Pringle, J. (CTS, Edinburgh, 1851). 74–75.Google Scholar

^{page 147 note 1} Calvin, , Commentary on a Harmony of the Evangelists Matthew, Mark, and Luke, tr. & ed. Pringle, W. (3 vols., CTS, Edinburgh, 1846), III, 323.Google Scholar

^{page 147 note 2} Calvin, , Commentaries on the Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Hebrews, tr. & ed. Owen, J. (CTS, Edinburgh, 1853), 234Google Scholar. Cf. also his Isaiah, op. cit., II, on Isa. 23.18, p. 162.

^{page 147 note 3} Calvin, , Isaiah, IV, 104.Google Scholar

^{page 147 note 4} Calvin, , Commentary on the Book of Psalms, tr. & ed. Anderson, J. (5 vols., CTS, Edinburgh, 1847), IV, 331.Google Scholar

^{page 147 note 5} Henderson, G. D., ‘Priesthood of Believers’, Scottish Journal of Theology, VII, No. 1 (March 1954), 7Google Scholar. Cf. Also Calvin's commentaries on Rom. 12.1, Eph. 5.2, Phil. 4.18, Heb. 6.2, 10.22, 12.24, 13.15, 1 Pet. 1.1, 5 and 1 John 2.20, 27.

^{page 148 note 1} Jansen, J. F., Calvin's Doctrine of the Work of Christ (J. Clarke, London, 1956), 46.Google Scholar

^{page 148 note 2} Calvin, , Commentaries on the Minor Prophets, tr. & ed. Owen, J. (5 vols., CTS, Edinburgh, 1849), V, 497.Google Scholar

^{page 148 note 3} ibid., V, 522, 535, 586.

^{page 148 note 4} Cf. Niesel, W., The Theology of Calvin (Lutterworth, London, 1956), 203Google Scholar. It is my feeling that Dr Niesel rather oversimplifies the issue when he states that ‘the priesthood of all believers, which only too easily can be understood as a common possession of all the necessary gifts, plays no part in his [Calvin's] doctrine’. As we have seen, Calvin touched on the priesthood of every Christian frequently.

^{page 149 note 1} T. W. Manson, in his monograph Priesthood of Believers (page 3 of original hand-written manuscript) suggests that Calvin left no place in the Church for any sort of priesthood, since he conceived of the priestly function as making piacular sacrifice to God (p. 4). While it is true that Calvin gave no place in the Church to a formal, separated priesthood, he certainly did not hesitate to follow the Scriptures in describing Christians as having such a relationship to God that they can be called ‘priests’.

^{page 149 note 2} Calvin, , Institutes of the Christian Religion, tr. Beveridge, H. (2 vols., J. Clarke, London, 1953), Bk. II, vii, 1.Google Scholar

^{page 149 note 3} ibid., Bk. II, xv, 6.

^{page 149 note 4} ibid., Bk. IV, xviii, 16.

^{page 149 note 5} ibid., Bk. IV, xviii, 17.

^{page 150 note 1} ibid., Bk. IV, xviii, 17.

^{page 150 note 2} ibid., Bk. IV, xix, 25.

^{page 150 note 3} ibid., Bk. IV, xix, 28.

^{page 150 note 4} Cf. Calvin, : Theological Treatises, tr. & ed. Reid, J. K. S., Vol. XXII of The Library of Christian Classics (S.C.M. Press, London, 1954), 95Google Scholar. Jansen (op cit.) notes that Calvin's major emphasis is upon the duplex munus, the priesthood and kingship imparted to the believer through Christ.

^{page 150 note 5} ibid., 96.

^{page 151 note 1} Whale, J. S., The Protestant Tradition (Cambridge University Press, 1955), 152.Google Scholar

^{page 151 note 2} Calvin, , Isaiah, II, 45.Google Scholar

^{page 151 note 3} Niesel, op. cit., 202.

^{page 151 note 4} Calvin, , Institutes, Bk. IV, vi, 9.Google Scholar

^{page 152 note 1} Niesel, op. cit., 200.

^{page 152 note 2} Whale, op. cit., 151.

^{page 152 note 3} For a longer discussions, see MacKinnon, J., Calvin and the Reformation (Longmans, Green, London, 1936), 257f.Google Scholar

^{page 152 note 4} Dillenberger, J. and Welch, C., Protestant Christianity (C. Scribner's Sons, New York, 1954), 49.Google Scholar

^{page 152 note 5} Orr, J., ‘Calvinism’, Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, ed. Hastings, J. (13 vols., T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh, 1918), III, 152.Google Scholar

^{page 152 note 6} Calvin, , Institutes, Bk. IV, iii, 1.Google Scholar

^{page 152 note 7} Cf. Calvin's letters to the Seigneury de Neuchâtel and to Bucer in September and October 1541, regarding Farel's pastorate, in Letters of John Calvin, tr. Constable, D., ed. Bonnet, J. (2 vols., T. Constable, Edinburgh, 1855), I, 262f.Google Scholar

^{page 153 note 1} Niesel, op. cit., 201–2.

^{page 153 note 2} Calvin, , Institutes, Bk. IV, iv, 1.Google Scholar

^{page 153 note 3} McNeill, J. T., The History and Character of Calvinism (Oxford University Press, New York, 1954), 83–84.Google Scholar

^{page 153 note 4} Lindsay, T. M., The History of the Reformation (2 vols., T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh, 1922), II, 106.Google Scholar

^{page 153 note 5} McNeill, op. cit., 145, 150.

^{page 153 note 6} Bucer certainly held to the idea of the priesthood of believers, though he did not develop this doctrine in any systematic way. Cf. his De Regno Christi, quoted in Torrance's, T. F.Kingdom and Church (Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1956), 81Google Scholar; and his Ennarationes in Evangelia Matthaei, Marci, et Lucas (1527), I, 68bGoogle Scholar, cited in Courvoisier, J., La Notion d'Eglise Chez Bucer (Lib. Félix Alcan, Paris, 1933), 74.Google Scholar

^{page 153 note 7} Calvin, Theological Treatises, op. cit., 58f.

^{page 153 note 8} ibid., 63f.

^{page 153 note 9} Henderson, G. D., The Scottish Ruling Elder (J. Clarke, London, 1935), 12.Google Scholar

^{page 154 note 1} McNeill, op. cit., 246.

^{page 154 note 2} Calvin, , ‘The Necessity of Reforming the Church’ (1543), in Theological Treatises, op. cit., 207–208.Google Scholar

^{page 154 note 3} Calvin, , Institutes, Bk. IV, iii, 15.Google Scholar

^{page 154 note 4} Calvin, , ‘Reply to Sadolet’, in Theological Treatises, op. cit., 243.Google Scholar

^{page 154 note 5} Calvin, , Romans, 501.Google Scholar

^{page 155 note 1} McNeill, op. cit., 220.

^{page 155 note 2} Cf. Kuyper, A., Calvinism (Sovereign Grace Union, London, 1937), 83.Google Scholar

^{page 155 note 3} Troeltsch, E., The Social Teaching of the Christian Churches, tr. Wyon, O. (2 vols., Allen and Unwin, London, 1949), II, 591.Google Scholar

^{page 155 note 4} ibid., 592.

^{page 156 note 1} Dakin, A., Calvinism (Duckworth Press, London, 1940), 134Google Scholar. Cf. also Latourette, K. S., A History of the Expansion of Christianity (7 vols., Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1944), III, 379.Google Scholar

^{page 156 note 2} Kuyper, op. cit., 102–3.

^{page 156 note 3} Murray, R. H., The Political Consequences of the Reformation (E. Benn, London, 1926), 102.Google Scholar

^{page 156 note 4} ibid., 103–4.

^{page 156 note 5} Calvin, , Opera, xliii, 374Google Scholar, cited in Murray, supra, 105.