Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T03:54:46.696Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Gassendi and l'Affaire Galilée of the Laws of Motion*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 September 2008

Paolo Galluzzi
Affiliation:
Istituto e Museo di Storia della ScienzaFlorence

Abstract

In the lively discussions on Galileo's laws of motion after the Pisan's death, we observe what might be called a new “Galilean affair.” That is, a trial brought against his new science of motion mainly by French and Italian Jesuits with the substantial adherence of M. Mersenne. This new trail was originated by Gassendi's presentation of Galileo's de motu not simply as a perfectly coherent doctrine, but also as a convincing argument in favor of the truth of Copernicanism.

Type
3. The Contexts of the Church, Patrons, and Colleagues: New Science and Traditional Power Structures
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

This paper reproduces, with a few changes, the essay published in Italian in 1993 (Galluzzi 1993). Since then a few studies have been published which discuss the themes dealt with in this work, shedding new light on the protagonists of this capital discussion. Among these new contributions appear of special interest the long awaited critical edition of Baliani's De motu, edited by Giovanna Baroncelli, and the essay by Carla Rita Palmerino (Palmerino 2000). This last work presents an insightful examination of the reasons behind the evolution of the attitude of Father Mersenne in the lively European discussions on the Galilean science de motu.

References

Baliani, G. B. 1638. De motu naturali gravium solidorum. Genuae: ex Typographia Io. Mariae Farroni.Google Scholar
Baliani, G. B. 1646. De motu naturalium gravium solidorum et liquidorum. Genuae: ex typographia Jo. Mariae Farroni, Nicolai Pesagni et Petri Francisci Barberii.Google Scholar
Baliani, G. B. 1666. Opere diverse. Genova: per Pietro Giovanni Calenzani.Google Scholar
Baliani, G. B. 1998. De motu naturali gravium solidorum et liquidorum. Introduzione e cura di Giovanna Baroncelli, Biblioteca della scienza italiana 19. Florence: Giunti.Google Scholar
Bloch, O. R. 1971. La Philosophie de Gassendi. Nominalisme, matérialisme et métaphysique. Le Haye: M. Nijhoff.Google Scholar
Borelli, G. A. 1667. De vi percussionis liber. Bologna: ex Typographia Jacobi Montij.Google Scholar
Cabeo, N. 1646. Nicolai Cabei … S.J. in quatuor libros meteorologicorum Aristotelis commentaria … Tomus Primus-Secundus. Romae: typis haeredum Francisci Corbelletti.Google Scholar
Caramuel, J. 1644. Sublimium ingeniorum crux. Jam tandem aliquando deposita a Joanne Caramuel Lobkowits, Gravium lapsum cum tempore elapso componente concordiamque experimentis et demonstrationibus geometricis firmante. Lovanii: apud Petrum van der Heyden.Google Scholar
Carranza, N. 1962. “Averani Niccolò.” In Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, 1960–4:659660. Rome: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana.Google Scholar
Caruso, E. 1987. “Honoré Fabri gesuita e scienziato.” In Miscellanea Secentesca. Saggi su Descartes, Fabri, White, 85126. Department of Philosophy, University of Milan, Milan: Cisalpino-Goliardica.Google Scholar
Caverni, R. 18911900. Storia del metodo sperimentale, 6 Vols. Florence: G. Civelli.Google Scholar
Costabel, P. and Lerner, M. P.. 1973. Le nouvelles pensées de Galilée par Marin Mersenne. 2 Vols. Paris: J. Vrin.Google Scholar
Costabel, P. 1974. “Morin Jean-Baptiste.” Dictionary of Scientific Biography, edited by Gillispie, C. C., 9:527528. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.Google Scholar
Costantini, C. 1969. Baliani e i Gesuiti. Annotazioni in margine alla corrispondenza del Baliani con Gio. Luigi Confalonieri e Orazio Grassi. Florence: Giunti Barbera.Google Scholar
D'Elia, A. 1985. Christiaan Huygens. Una biografia intellettuale. Milan: F. Angeli.Google Scholar
Dati, C. 1663. Lettera ai Filateti … della vera storia della cicloide. Florence: all'Insegna della Stella.Google Scholar
De Vregille, P. 1906. “Un enfant du Bugey. Le Père Honoré Fabri.” Bulletin de la Societé Gorini. Revue d'Histoire ecclesiastique et d'archéologie religieuse du Diocese de Belley 3:515.Google Scholar
Gassendi, P. 1647. Institutio astronomica iuxta hypothesis tam veterum quam Copernici et Tychonis. Parisiis: apud Ludovicum de Heuqueville. In Gassendi 1658, 6:266ff.Google Scholar
Gassendi, P. 1649. Petri Gassendi Apologia in Jo. Bapt. Morini Librum, cui titulus Alae Telluris fractae. Lyon.Google Scholar
Gassendi, P. 1650. Apologia: Recueil des lettres de Sieurs Morin, de la Roche, de Neuré et Gassendi en suite de l'apologie de Sieur Gassend touchant la question de motu impresso a motore translato, oùpar occasion il est traité de l'astrologie iudiciarie. Paris: A. Courbé.Google Scholar
Gassendi, P. 1658. Opera Omnia in sex tomos divisa, quorum seriem pagina prefationes proximé sequens continet / hactenus edita auctor ante obitum recensuit, auxit, illustrauit;posthuma ver ò totius naturae explicationem complectentia in lucent nunc prim ùm prodeunt, ex bibliotheca illustris uiri Henrici Ludovici Habertii Mon-Morii, 6 Vols. Lugduni: sumptibus Laurentii Anisson et loan. Bapt. Devenet.Google Scholar
Gassendi, P. 1727. Petri Gassendi Diniensis acclesiae praepositi… Opera omnia in sex tomos divisa… Curante Nicolao Averanio, 6 Vols. Florentiae: apud Joannem Cajetanum Tartini et Sanctem Franchi.Google Scholar
Gassendi, P. 1994. Pierre Gassendi 1592–1655. Actes du Colloque International, Digneles-Bains, 1821 Mai 1992, Digne-les-Bains: Société Scientifique et Littéraire des Alpes de Haut Provence, 2 vols.Google Scholar
Grillo, E. 1963. “Baliani Giovanni Battista.” Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, 1960– 5:553557.Google Scholar
Hine, W. L. 1973. “Mersenne and Copernicanism.” Isis 64:1832.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huygens, C. 1646. De motu naturaliter accelerato. In Oeuvres complétes par la Societé Hollandaise des sciences, 22 Vols. 11:6875. La Haye. 1888–1950.Google Scholar
Ingegno, A. 1972.“Cabeo Niccolò.” Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, 1960–,15:686690.Google Scholar
Ingegno, A. 18881950. Oeuvres complèetes par la Societé Hollandaise des sciences, 22 Vols. La Haye.Google Scholar
Koyré, A. [1939] 1961. Études galiléennes. Translated in Italian by Torrini, M.. 1976. Studi galileiani. Turin: Einaudi.Google Scholar
Koyré, A. 1953. “An Experiment in Measurement.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society IIIC 2:222–37.Google Scholar
Koyré, A. 1955. “A Documentary History of the Problem of Fall from Kepler to Newton.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series 45, 4:5566. Translated in French by Tallec, J.. 1973. Chute des corps et mouvement de la Terre de Kepler a Newton. Paris.Google Scholar
Koyré, A. 1965. Newtonian Studies. Cambridge Mass. Translated in Italian by Galluzzi, P.. 1972. Studi newtoniani. Turin: Einaudi.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lalouere, A. 1658. Propositiones geometricae sex. Toulouse.Google Scholar
Le Cazre, P. 1645a. Physica demonstratio qua ratio, mensura, modus ac potentia accelerationis motus in naturali descensu gravium determinantur. Adversusnuper excogitatam a Galilaeo Galilaei Florentino Philosopho ac Mathematico de eodem motu pseudo-scientiam. Parisiis: Apud Iacobum du Brueil.Google Scholar
Dear, P. 1988. Mersenne and the Learning of the Schools. Ithaca and New York: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drake, S. 1970a. “Baliani, Giovanni Battista.” Dictionary of Scientific Biography 1:424425.Google Scholar
Drake, S. 1970b. “Uniform Acceleration, Space and Time.” In British Journal for the History of Science 5:2143.Google Scholar
Drake, S. 1973. “Jacques-Alexandre Le Tenneur.” Dictionary of Scientific Biography 8:267279.Google Scholar
Drake, S. 1974. “Impetus theory and quanta of speed before and after Galileo.” Physis 16:4775.Google Scholar
Drake, S. 1975. “Free Fall from Albert of Saxony to Honoré Fabri.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 5:347–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fabri, H. 1659. Brevis adnotatio in Systema Saturnium. Roma.Google Scholar
Fellmann, E. A. 1959. “Die mathematische Werke von Honoratus Fabry.” Physis 1:625.Google Scholar
Fellmann, E. A. 1971. “Fabri Honoré.” Dictionary of Scientific Biography 4:505507.Google Scholar
Fellmann, E. A. 1992. “Honoré Fabri (1607–1688) als Matematiker — eine Reprise.” In The investigation of difficult things. Essays on Newton and the history of exact sciences in honor of D. T. Whiteside, edited by Harman, P. M. and Shapiro, A., 97112. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ferrone, E. 1982. Scienza, natura, religione. Mondo newtoniano e cultura italiana nel primo Settecento. Naples: Jovene editore.Google Scholar
Frajese, A. 1971. “Cabeo Niccolò.” Dictionary of Scientific Biography 3:3.Google Scholar
Galilei, G. 18901909. Le Opere di Galileo Galilei. Edited by Favaro, A., 20 Vols. Florence: Barbera.Google Scholar
Galluzzi, P. and Torrini, M., eds. 1975. Edizione Nazionale delle Opere dei Discepoli di Galileo. Carteggio 1642–8. Vol. 1. Florence: Giunti-Barbera.Google Scholar
Galluzzi, P. 1976. “Evangelista Torricelli. Concezione della matematica e segreto degli occhiali.” Annali dell'Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza di Firenze 1(1):7195Google Scholar
Galluzzi, P. 1977. “Galileo contro Copernico. II dibattito sulla prova ‘galileiana’ di G.B. Riccioli contro il moto della Terra alla luce di nuovi documenti.” Annali dell'Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza di Firenze 2(2):87148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galluzzi, P. 1993. “Gassendie l'affaire Galilée delle leggi del moto.” Giornale critico della filosofia italiana 72(74)1:86119.Google Scholar
Gassendi, P. 1642. Petri Gassendi de motu impresso a motore translato Epistolae duae, in quibus aliquot preacipuae tum de motu universe, tum speciatim de motu Terrae attributo difficultates explicantur. Parisiis:Louis de Heucqueville. In Gassendi, 1658.Google Scholar
Gassendi, P. 1646. Petri Gassendi De proportione qua gravia decidentia accelerantur Epistolae tre, quibus ad totidem epistolas R. P. Petri Cazraei respondetur. Parisiis: Apud Ludovicum de Heucqueville.Google Scholar
Le Cazre, P. 1645b. Vindiciae demonstrationis physicae de proportione qua gravia deci-dentia accelerantur. Ad Clarissimum Petrum Gassendum. Parisiis: G. Leblanc.Google Scholar
Le Tenneur, J. A. 1640. Traité des quantitez incommensurables. Parisiis: de l'Imprimerie de J. Dedin.Google Scholar
Le Tenneur, J. A. 1646. “Disputatio physico-mathematica de aequabili motus acceleratione et motu Telluris in qua Galilaei decerta de motu gravium perpendiculariter cadentium confirmantur. Et ostenditur vulgarem seu Ptolemaican de motu Solis opinionem non minus esse contrariam sacris litteris quam Copernicanam de motu Terrae … Ad R. P. Petrum Cazreum.”Google Scholar
Le Tenneur, J. A. 1649. De motu naturaliter accellerato. Parisiis: apud L. Boullengeri.Google Scholar
Lenoble, R. [1943] 1971. Mersenne ou la naissance du mécanisme. Paris: J. Vrin.Google Scholar
Lukens, D. 1979. “An Aristotelian Response to Galileo: Honoré Fabri, S. J., on the Causal Analysis of Motion.” Ph.D. thesis, University of Toronto.Google Scholar
Mersenne, M. 1634a. Le mechaniques de Galilée, mathematicien et ingénieur du Duc de Florence avec plusieurs additions rares et nouvelles, utiles aux architects, ingénieurs, fonteniers, philosophes et artisans, traduites de l'ltalien par L.P.M.M. À Paris: chez Henry Guenon.Google Scholar
Mersenne, M. 1634b. Questions theologique, physiques, morales et mathématiques. Parisiis.Google Scholar
Mersenne, M. 1637. Harmonie universelle contenant le theorie et la pratique de la musique: où il est traité des consonances, des dissonances, des genres, des modes, de la composition, de la voix, des chats, & de toutes sortes d'instrumens harmoniques, 2 Vols. À Paris: chez Sébastien Cramoisy.Google Scholar
Mersenne, M. 1639. Le nouvelles pensées de Galilei, mathematicien et ingenieur du Due de Florence. oùpar des inventions merveilleuses & des demonstrations incommues iusque ^ present il est traitté de la proportion des mouvements, tant naturels, que violents, & de tout ce qu'il y a de plus subtil dans les mechaniques & dans la phisique / traduit d'Italien en François. À Paris: chez Pierre Rocolet.Google Scholar
Mersenne, M. 1644a. Ballistica. In Cogitata physico mathematica in quibus tarn naturae quam artis effectus admirandi certissimis demonstrationibus explicantur.…. Parisiis: sumptibus Antonii Bertin.Google Scholar
Mersenne, M. 1644b. Universae geometriae mixtaeque mathematicae Synopsis et bini refractionum demonstratarum tractatus. Parisiis: apud Antonium Bertier.Google Scholar
Mersenne, M. 1647. Novarum observationum physico-mathematicarum …Tomus tertius. Quibus accessit Aristarchus Samius de mundi systemate. Parisis: Sumptibus Antonii Bertier.Google Scholar
Middleton, W. E. K. 1964. The History of the Barometer. Baltimore: J. Hopkins Press.Google Scholar
Morin, J. B. 1631. Famosi et antiqui problematis de Telluris motu vel quiete hactenus optata solutio.… Paris.Google Scholar
Morin, J. B. 1634. Responsio pro Telluris quiete ad Jacobi Landsbergii doctoris medici Apologia pro telluris motu. Paris.Google Scholar
Morin, J. B. 1643. Alae Tellurisfractae, cum physica demonstratione quod opinio Copernicana de Telluris motu sit falsa, et novo conceptum de Oceani fluxu atque refluxu…. Parisiis.Google Scholar
Moscovici, S. 1967. L'expérience du mouvement. Jean-Baptiste Baliani disciple et critique de Galilée. Paris: Hermann.Google Scholar
Mousnier, P. 1646. Tractatus physicus de motu locali. Lugduni: apud Ioannem Champion.Google Scholar
Mousnier, P. and Fabri, H. 1648. Metaphysica demonstrativa. Lyon.Google Scholar
Palmerino, C. R. 2000. “Infinite Degrees of Speed. Marin Mersenne and the Debate over Galileo's Law of Free Fall.” Early Science and Medicine 4(4):29328.Google Scholar
Riccioli, G. B. 1651. Almagestum novum, Astronomiam veterum novamque complectens observationibus aliorum, et propriis novisque theorematibus, problematibus, ac tabulis promotam, in tres tomos distributam quorum argumentum sequens pagina explicabit. Bononiae: ex haeredibus V. Benatii.Google Scholar
Sommervogel, C., ed. 18901932. Bibliothèque de la Compagnie de Jésus, 9 vols. Paris.Google Scholar
Sortais, G. 19201922. La philosophie moderne depuis Bacon jusqu'a Leibniz. Études historiques, 2 vols. Paris.Google Scholar
Tannery, P., De Waard, C., Rochot, M. B., Beaulieu, A., eds. 19451988. Correspondance du P. Marin Mersenne religieux Minime, 17 Vols. Paris.Google Scholar
Torricelli, E. 1644. De motu gravium naturaliter descendentium, et proiectorum. In Opera Geometrica. De sphaera et solidis sphaeralibus, 95243 (irregular pagination). Florence: Typis Amatoris Massae e Laurentij de Landis.Google Scholar
Torricelli, E. 19191944. Opere di Evangelista Torricelli, edited by Loria, G., Vassura, G., 5 Vols. Faenza.Google Scholar