Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T20:14:40.975Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Waste not, want not: traditional responses to crop failure in Greece

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 January 2009

Extract

On May 29 1986, a storm tracked across central Macedonia. In the hills north of the small market town of Langadhas, a violent fall of hail flattened ripening cereal crops, but the destruction was very patchy: some fields belonging to the village of Assiros were devastated, but others were unharmed and the storm spared a neighbouring village before causing renewed damage further along its path. Farmers hit by the storm were lucky – they received compensation for their losses from the European Economic Community – but their neighbours were less fortunate. Across the whole region, the winter of 1985/6 had been virtually rainless and some farmers unaffected by the storm barely recouped their sowing costs.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allan, W 1965. The African Husbandman (Edinburgh).Google Scholar
Arnon, I. 1972. Crop Production in Dry Regions, 2 Systematic Treatment of the Principal Crops (London).Google Scholar
Aschenbrenner, S. 1972. ‘A contemporary community’, in McDonald, W.A. and Rapp, G.R. (eds.) The Minnesota Messema Expedition (Minneapolis) pp. 4763.Google Scholar
Du Boulay, J. 1974. Portrait of a Greek Mountain Village (Oxford).Google Scholar
Braudel, F 1975. The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, volume 1 (London).Google Scholar
Briggs, D and Courtney, F 1985. Agriculture and Environment. The Physical Geography of Temperate Agricultural Systems (London).Google Scholar
Buckland, P.C. 1981. ‘The early dispersal of insect pests of stored products as indicated by archaeological recordsJournal of Stored Products Research 17, 112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, J.K. 1976. ‘Regionalism and local community’, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 268, 1827CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cashdan, E.A. 1985. ‘Coping with risk: reciprocity among the Basarwa of northern Botswana’, Man 20, 454–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chayanov, A.V 1966. On the Theory of Peasant Economy (Homewood).Google Scholar
Cherry, J.F 1988. ‘Pastoralism and the role of animals in the pre- and proto-historic economies of the Aegean’, in Whittaker, C.R. (ed.) ‘Pastoral economies in classical antiquity’, Cambridge Philological Society Supplementary Volume 14, 634.Google Scholar
Christiansen-Weniger, F 1970. Ackerbauformen im Mittelmeerraum und Nahen Osten Dargestellt am Beispiel der Türkei (Frankfurt).Google Scholar
Clark Forbes, M.H. 1976. ‘Gathering in the Argolid: a subsistence subsystem in a Greek agricultural community’, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 268, 251–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohn, D.F and Kislev, M.E. 1987Human neurolathyrism’, Adler Museum Bulletin 13: 1, 58.Google Scholar
Colson, E. 1979In good years and in bad: food strategies of self-reliant societies’, Journal of Anthropological Research 35: 1, 1829CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coombs, G. 1980. ‘Decision theory and subsistence strategies: some theoretical considerations’, in Earle, T.K. and Christenson, A. (eds.) Modelling Change in Prehistoric Subsistence Economies (New York) pp. 187208.Google Scholar
Delille, G. 1977 Agricoltura e Demografia nel Regno di Napoli nei Secoli XVIII e XIX (Naples).Google Scholar
Diener, P and Robkin, E.E. 1978. ‘Ecology, evolution, and the search for cultural origins: the question of Islamic pig prohibition’, Current Anthropology 19: 3, 493540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flannery, K.V 1969 ‘Origins and ecological effects of early Near Eastern domestication’, in Ucko, P J. and Dimbleby, G.W (eds.) The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals (London) pp. 73100.Google Scholar
Forbes, H. 1976. ‘“We have a little of everything” the ecological basis of some agricultural practices in Methana, Trizinia’, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 268, 236–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forbes, H. 1982. Strategies and Soils. Technology, Production and Environment in the Peninsula of Methana, Greece. Ph.D dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Forbes, H. 1989 ‘Of grandfathers and grand theories: the hierarchised ordering of responses to hazard in a Greek rural community’, in P, Halstead and O'shea, J. (eds.) Bad Year Economics (Cambridge) pp. 8797CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foxhall, L. 1986. ‘Greece ancient and modern: subsistence and survival’, History Today 36, 3543.Google Scholar
Gallant, T W 1982. ‘Agricultural systems, land tenure, and the reforms of Solon’, Annual of the British School at Athens 77, 111–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallant, T W 1989Crisis and response: risk-buffering behavior in Hellenistic Greek communities’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History 19: 3, 393413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garnsey, P 1988. Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco-Roman World. Responses to Risk and Crisis (Cambridge).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garnsey, P and Morris, I. 1989 ‘Risk and the polis: the evolution of institutionalised responses to food supply problems in the ancient Greek state’, in P, Halstead and O'shea, J. (eds.) Bad Year Economics (Cambridge) pp. 98105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grmek, M.D 1983. Les Maladies à l'Aube de la Civilisation Occidentale (Paris).Google Scholar
Hall, A.E., Foster, K.W and Waines, J.G. 1979 ‘Crop adaptation to semi-arid environments’, in Hall, A.E., Cannell, G.H. and Lawton, H.W (eds.) Agriculture in Semi-Arid Environments (Berlin) pp. 148–79CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halstead, P 1981a. ‘From determinism to uncertainty social storage and the rise of the Minoan palace’, in Sheridan, A. and Bailey, G. (eds.) Economic Archaeology, BAR International Series 96, (Oxford) pp. 187213.Google Scholar
Halstead, P 1981b. ‘Counting sheep in neolithic and bronze age Greece’, in Hodder, I., Isaac, G. and Hammond, N. (eds.) Pattern of the Past. Studies in Honour of David Clarke (Cambridge) pp. 307–39Google Scholar
Halstead, P 1984. Strategies for Survival. An Ecological Approach to Social and Economic Change in the Early Farming Communities of Thessaly, N Greece. Ph.D dissertation, University of Cambridge.Google Scholar
Halstead, P 1987Traditional and ancient rural economy in Mediterranean Europe: plus ça change?Journal of Hellenic Studies 107, 7787CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halstead, P 1988. ‘On redistribution and the origin of minoan-mycenaean palatial economies’, in French, E.B. and Wardle, K.A. (eds.) Problems in Greek Prehistory (Bristol) pp. 519–30.Google Scholar
Halstead, P 1989 ‘The economy has a normal surplus: economic stability and social change among early farming communities of Thessaly, Greece,’ in P, Halstead and O'shea, J. (eds.) Bad Year Economics (Cambridge) pp. 6880.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halstead, P in preparation, ‘Mountain economies in the Pindhos’Google Scholar
Halstead, P and Jones, G. 1989Agrarian ecology in the Greek islands: time stress, scale and risk”, Journal of Hellenic Studies 109, 4155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halstead, P and O'shea, J. 1982. ‘A friend in need is a friend indeed: social storage and the origins of social ranking’, in Renfrew, C. and Shennan, S. (eds.) Ranking, Resource and Exchange (Cambridge) pp. 92–9Google Scholar
Halstead, P and O'shea, J. 1989 ‘Introduction: cultural responses to risk and uncertainty’, in P, Halstead and O'shea, J. (eds.) Bad Year Economics (Cambridge) pp. 17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, P 1972. Rural Hausa. a Village and a Setting (Cambridge).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodkinson, S. 1988. ‘Animal husbandry in the Greek polis’, in Whittaker, C.R. (ed.) ‘Pastoral economies in classical antiquity’, Cambridge Philological Society Supplementary Volume 14, 3574.Google Scholar
Hubbard, R.N.L.B. 1979Ancient agriculture and ecology at Servia’, in Ridley, C. and Wardle, K., ‘Rescue excavations at Servia 1971–1973: a preliminary report’, Annual of the British School at Athens 74, 226–8.Google Scholar
Jameson, M. 1983. ‘Famine in the Greek world’, in Garnsey, P.D.A. and Whittaker, C.R. (eds.) ‘Trade and famine in classical antiquity’, Cambridge Philological Society Supplementary Volume 8, 616.Google Scholar
Jones, G., Wardle, K., Halstead, P and Wardle, D. 1986. ‘Crop storage at Assiros’, Scientific American 254: 3, 96103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jongman, W and Dekker, R. 1989 ‘Public intervention in the food supply in pre-industrial Europe’, in P, Halstead and O'shea, J. (eds.) Bad Year Economics (Cambridge) pp. 114–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kayser, B. and Thompson, K. 1964. Economic and Social Atlas of Greece (Athens).Google Scholar
Khalikiopoulos, L. 1905. ‘Wirtschaftsgeographische Skizze Thessaliens’, Geographische Zeitschrift 11, 445–75.Google Scholar
Killen, J.T., 1964. ‘The wool industry of Crete in the late bronze age’, Annual of the British School at Athens 59, 115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiriazis, N. 1931. Khronografikon simioma, Kipriaka Khronika 7: 2, 8191.Google Scholar
Kordhatos, G., 1960. Istoria tis Eparkhias Volou kai Ayias apo ta Arkhaia Khronia os ta Simera (Athens).Google Scholar
Kosmas, N.V 1968. O Langadhas, Istoria-Laografia (Makedhoniki Vivliothiki 29) (Thessaloniki).Google Scholar
Koster, H.A. 1977 The Ecology of Pastoralism in Relation to Changing Patterns of Land Use in the Northeast Peloponnese Ph.D dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Kroll, H.J. 1983. Kastanas, 2 Die Pflanzenfunde (Berlin).Google Scholar
Leake, W.M. 1967 Travels in Northern Greece, 4 (Amsterdam).Google Scholar
Lee, R.B. 1968. ‘What hunters do for a living, or, How to make out on scarce resources’, in Lee, R.B. and Devore, I. (eds.) Man the Hunter (Chicago) pp. 3048.Google Scholar
McNall, S.G. 1976. ‘Barriers to development and modernization in Greece’, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 268, 2842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Megas, G.A. 1946. Thessalikai Oikisis (Athens).Google Scholar
Moskof, K. 1979 Isagoyika stin Istoria tou Kinimatos tis Ergatikis Taxis (Thessaloniki).Google Scholar
O'shea, J. 1981. ‘Coping with scarcity exchange and social storage’, in Sheridan, A. and G, Bailey (eds.) Economic Archaeology, BAR International Series 96 (Oxford) pp. 167–83.Google Scholar
Petropoulos, D.A. 1943–4. Ethima sinergasias kai allilovoithias tou Ellinikou laou, Epetiris Laografikou Arkhiou pp. 5985.Google Scholar
Petsas, F.M. and Saralis, G.A. 1982. Aristi kai Dhitiko Zagori (Athens).Google Scholar
Philippson, A. 1950. Die Griechischen Landschaften 1, 1 Thessalien und die Spercheios-Senke (Frankfurt).Google Scholar
Rappaport, R.A. 1968. Pigs for the Ancestors (London).Google Scholar
Richards, A.I. 1939 Land, Labour and Diet in Northern Rhodesia (Oxford).Google Scholar
Sahlins, M. 1974. Stone Age Economics (London).Google Scholar
Sahlins, M. 1976. Culture and Practical Reason (Chicago).Google Scholar
Sanders, I.T 1955. ‘Selection of participants in a mutual aid group in rural Greece’, Sociometry 18, 582–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silverman, S.F 1968. ‘Agricultural organization, social structure, and values in Italy amoral familism reconsidered’, American Anthropologist 70, 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slaughter, C. and Kasimis, Ch. 1986. ‘Some social-anthropological aspects of Boeotian rural society a field-report’, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 10, 103–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutton, S. 1978. Migrant Regional Associations an Athenian Example and its Implications Ph.D dissertation, University of North Carolina.Google Scholar
Thompson, K. 1963. Farm Fragmentation in Greece the Problem and its Setting (Athens).Google Scholar
Townsend, C.C. and Guest, E. (eds.) 1974. Flora of Iraq, 3 Leguminales (Baghdad).Google Scholar
Tsopotos, D.K. 1974. Yi kai Yeoryoi tis Thessalias kata tin Tourkokratian (2nd edn.) (Athens).Google Scholar
UNRRA 1947 ‘Agriculture and food in Greece’, UNRRA Operational Analysis Papers 19 (Athens).Google Scholar
van Wersch, H.J. 1972. ‘The agricultural economy’, in McDonald, W.A. and Rapp, G.R. (eds.) The Minnesota Messenia Expedition (Minneapolis) pp. 177–87Google Scholar
Vergopoulos, K. 1975. To Agrotiko Zitima stin Elladha, i Koinoniki Ensomatosi tis Yeoryias (Athens).Google Scholar
Wagstaff, M. and Augustson, S. 1982. ‘Traditional land use’, in Renfrew, C. and Wagstaff, M. (eds.) An Island Polity (Cambridge) pp. 106–33.Google Scholar
Wiessner, P 1982. ‘Risk, reciprocity and social influences on !Kung San economics’, in W, Leacock and Lee, R. (eds.) Politics and History in Band Societies (Cambridge) pp. 6184.Google Scholar