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Tools, Machines and Marvels

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 January 2010

Extract

Technology, according to Derry and Williams's Short History, ‘comprises all that bewilderingly varied body of knowledge and devices by which man progressively masters his natural environment’. Their casual, and unconscious, sexism is not unrelated to my present topic. Women enter the story as spinners, burden bearers and, at long last, typists. ‘The tying of a bundle on the back or the dragging of it along upon the outspread twigs of a convenient branch are contributions [and by implication the only contributions] to technology which probably had a feminine origin’. Everything else was done by men, and what they did was master, conquer, and control. It is also significant that Derry and Williams take it for granted that ‘the men [sic] of the Old Stone Age, few and scattered, developed little to help them to conquer their environment’: until the advent of agriculture, and settled civilization, there was, they say, neither leisure nor surplus.

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Papers
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Philosophy and the contributors 1995

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References

1 Derry, T. K. and Williams, T. I., A Short History of Technology, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1960), p. 3Google Scholar.

2 Ibid., p. 190. Cf. Mumford, L., The Myth of the Machine (London: Secker & Warburg, 1967), pp. 140fGoogle Scholar: ‘As home-maker, house-keeper, firetender, pot-moulder, garden-cultivator, woman was responsible for the large collection of utensils and utilities that mark neolithic technics: inventions quite as essential for the development of a higher culture as any later machines.’

3 Ibid. p. 3.

4 Ibid. p. 7.

5 See Sahlins, M., Stone Age Economics (London: Tavistock Press, 1972)Google Scholar.

6 See Clark, S. R. L., ‘Alien dreams’, in Seed, D. (ed.) Anticipations: Early Science Fiction and it's Precursors (Liverpool University Press, 1995)Google Scholar.

7 See Westfahl, G., ‘On the true history of science fiction’, Foundation, 47 (1989)Google Scholar, and ”An idea of significant import”: Hugo Gernsback's theory of science fiction’, Foundation 48 (1990), pp. 2649Google Scholar: science fiction has many precursors, from The Odysse. to Frankenstei. and The Time Machin., but has achieved genr. status only in Hugo Gernsback's time.

8 Rudyard Kipling's Verse: Inclusive Edition 1885—1926 (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1927), p. 675Google Scholar.

9 See Spengler, O., The Decline of the West: II Perspectives of World History, tr. Atkinson, C. F. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1928), pp. 233 ffGoogle Scholar.

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11 Gibson, W.. ‘The Gernsback Continuum’, in Burning Chrome (London: Grafton Books, 1988), pp. 3650Google Scholar (first published 1980). Strictly, Gernsback may be misjudged: he had more doubt about the technocratic future than Gibson may have supposed: see Westfahl's ‘An idea of significant import’. (See note 7).

12 Jones, G. (ed.), The Oxford Book of Welsh Verse in English, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977), p. 71Google Scholar; see Clark, S. R. L., Civil Peace and Sacred Order: Limits & Renewals Vol. I (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989), pp. 8687Google Scholar.

13 Bottomley, Gordon, ‘To Ironfounders and Others’, In Quiller-Couch, (ed.), The Oxford Book of English Verse (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1939), p. 1109Google Scholar.

14 Spengler, O., Man and Technics, tr. Atkinson, C. F. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1932), p. 96Google Scholar.

15 Ibid. p. 103.

16 Spengler, O., The Decline of the West: I Form and Actuality, tr. Atkinson, C. F. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1926), pp. 43fGoogle Scholar.

17 Man and Technic., p. 94.

18 Krieck, Ernst in 1936, quoted in Pois, R. A., National Socialism and the Religion of Nature (New York: St Martin's Press, 1986), p. 117Google Scholar. Krieck's feud with Heidegger was no more than a dispute within the Nazi movement: see Farias, V., Heidegger and Nazism, tr. Burnell, P. and Ricci, G. R., Margolis, J. and Rockmore, T. (eds.) (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1989), pp. 168ffGoogle Scholar.

19 Kipling, Rudyard Kipling's Vers., p. 126.

20 Which is why ‘genetic engineering’ is so hit-and-miss: we rarely know what bit of DNA is responsible, in general, for any particular phenotypic feature, and never know exactly how it is.

21 There is already a minor, roving program (‘the cancelbot’) designed to eliminate all e-mail from a law firm which offended the older inhabitants of Internet by mass-mailing an advertisement: see Time 144.4, p. 52 (25 July 1994)Google Scholar. It may be, of course, that such a program, however devious, will no more be ‘alive’ than the computer simulation of a thunderstorm is wet—but I am not sure that we can be sure of this.

22 Derry and Williams, A Short History of Technolog., p. 121.

23 Spengler, Man and Technic., p. 11.

24 History of the Royal Societ. (1702, p. 340) vs fairies (cited by Wiley, B., The Seventeenth Century Background (London: Chatto & Windus, 1934), p. 213Google Scholar).

25 Putnam, H., The Many Faces of Realism (La Salle, Illinois: Open Court, 1987), p. 15Google Scholar, comments on the absurdity; see also, Clark, S. R. L., ‘Minds, memes and rhetoric’, Inquiry, 33 (1993), pp. 316CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

26 Spengler, The Decline of the West II: Perspectives of World Histor., p. 235: Plato, by this criterion, was not clearly Apollinian.

27 Ibid. pp. 235f.

28 Ibid. p. 320.

29 Wiley, The Seventeenth Century Backgroun., p. 84, quoting Glanvill (1661, p. 20).

30 Leibniz, G., New Essays on Human Understanding, Remnant, P. and Bennett, J. (eds) (Cambridge University Press, 1981), p. 382Google Scholar (4.3.7).

31 Williamson, J., The Humanoids (New York: Lancer Books, 1963Google Scholar; first published by Simon and Schuster, 1949).

32 Cherryh, C. J., Cyteen (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1988)Google Scholar.

33 See Clark, S. R. L., ‘Good ethology and the decent Poll.’, in Loizou, A. and Lesser, H. (eds), The Good of Community, (Aldershot: Gower Press, 1988)Google Scholar.

34 See Spengler, Men and Technic., p. 82: ‘a working hypothesis need not to be “correct”, it is only required to be practical’.

35 See Pinker, S., The Language Myth (London: Allen Lane, 1994), pp. 424fGoogle Scholar.

36 See Benford, G., Great Sky River (New York: Bantam Press, 1987)Google Scholar.

37 See S. Pinker, The Language Myt., p. 82.

38 Dickson, G., The Final Encyclopedia (London: Sphere Books, 1985), p. 352Google Scholar.

39 Spengler, The Decline of the West: II Perspectives on World Histor., p. 237; cf. p. 304, which identifies another aspect of fairy-tale with the Faustian outlook, namely the wish to see inside matter.