Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T01:08:09.676Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Need for Phronesis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 October 2022

Kristján Kristjánsson*
Affiliation:
University of Birmingham

Abstract

This chapter explores the state of public and academic discourse about socio-moral issues elicited by the Covid-19 pandemic, through two informal case studies of Facebook statuses and columns in two leading UK newspapers. The Facebook statuses tended to focus on performance virtues as remedies rather than moral virtues, whereas a survey among the general public highlighted the role of moral virtues. Divisions of opinion among columnists in the Guardian and Daily Telegraph turned out to be about different prioritisations of moral virtues rather than a trade-off between virtues and economic values. However, missing from all those discourses was attention to the meta-virtue of phronesis, or practical wisdom, as an adjudicator of virtue conflicts. Recent psychological work on wisdom does not fully ameliorate this lacuna; the paper argues that a retrieval of the Aristotelian concept of phronesis is needed to help us make balanced moral decisions.

Type
Paper
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Institute of Philosophy and the contributors 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, K. and Bull, A., ‘Following policy: a network ethnography of the UK character education policy community’, Sociological Research Online, 23(2) (2018), 438458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allport, G.W., Personality: A Psychological Interpretation (New York: Holt, 1937).Google Scholar
Anscombe, G.E.M., ‘Modern moral philosophy, Philosophy, 33(1) (1958), 119.Google Scholar
Aristotle, , Nicomachean Ethics, trans. Irwin, T. (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 1985).Google Scholar
Arthur, J., ‘Coronavirus: Polling shows British public values compassion over economic stability’, The Conversation (2020). Retrieved October 7, 2021, from https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-polling-shows-british-public-values-compassion-over-economic-stability-135962Google Scholar
Chesterton, G. K., Orthodoxy (1908) Retrieved October 7, 2021, from http://www.gkc.org.uk/gkc/books/orthodoxy/ch3.htmlGoogle Scholar
Darnell, C., Gulliford, L., Kristjánsson, K., and Paris, P., ‘Phronesis and the knowledge–action gap in moral psychology and moral education: A new synthesis?’, Human Development, 62(3) (2019), 101129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fowers, B.J., Carroll, J.S., Leonhardt, N.D., and Cokelet, B., ‘The emerging science of virtue’, Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(1) (2021), 118147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grossmann, I., Weststrate, N. M., Ardelt, M., Brienza, J. P., Dong, M., Ferrari, M., Fournier, M. A., Hu, C. S., Nusbaum, H. C. and Vervaeke, J., ‘The science of wisdom in a polarized world: Knowns and unknowns’, Psychological Inquiry, 31(2) (2020a), 103133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grossmann, I., Weststrate, N. M., Ferrari, M. and Brienza, J. P., ‘A common model is essential for a cumulative science of wisdom’, Psychological Inquiry, 31(2) (2020b), 185194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guardian, ‘Parents disapprove of offspring marrying someone of different political persuasion’ Guardian, Feb. 10 (2016). Retrieved October 7, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/feb/10/parents-disapprove-son-daughter-in-law-different-political-persuasionGoogle Scholar
Heath, A., ‘The three taboos at the heart of Johnson's coronavirus fiasco’, Daily Telegraph, September 24 (2020). Retrieved October 7, 2021, from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/09/23/three-taboos-heart-ofjohnsons-coronavirus-fiasco/Google Scholar
Jerome, L. and Kisby, B., The Rise of Character Education in Britain: Heroes, Dragons and the Myths of Character (London: Palgrave-Macmillan, 2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jubilee Centre for Character and Virtues, ‘A framework for character education in schools’ (2017). Retrieved October 7, 2021, from http://www.jubileecentre.ac.uk/userfiles/jubileecentre/pdf/character-education/Framework%20for%20Character%20Education.pdfGoogle Scholar
Kesebir, P. and Kesebir, S., ‘The cultural salience of moral character and virtue declined in twentieth century America’, Journal of Positive Psychology, 7(6) (2012), 471480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohlberg, L., Essays on Moral Development, vol. 1: The Philosophy of Moral Development (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1981).Google Scholar
Kristjánsson, K., Virtues and Vices in Positive Psychology: A Philosophical Critique (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kristjánsson, K., Aristotelian Character Education (London: Routledge, 2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kristjánsson, K., Flourishing as the Aim of Education: A Neo-Aristotelian View (London: Routledge, 2020).Google Scholar
Kristjánsson, K., ‘Recent attacks on character education in a UK context: A case of mistaken identities?’, Journal of Belief and Values, 42(3) (2021), 363377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kristjánsson, K., Fowers, B., Darnell, C. and Pollard, D., ‘Phronesis (practical wisdom) as a type of contextual integrative thinking’, Review of General Psychology, 25(3) (2021), 239257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGrath, R. E., ‘Character strengths in 75 nations: An update’, Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(1) (2015), 4152.Google Scholar
MacIntyre, A., ‘Plain persons and moral philosophers: Rules, virtues and goods’, in Knight, K. (Ed.), The MacIntyre Reader (pp. 136152) (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1998).Google Scholar
Peterson, C. and Seligman, M. E. P., Character Strengths and Virtues: A Classification and Handbook (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).Google Scholar
Seligman, M. E. P., Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-Being (New York: Free Press, 2011).Google Scholar
The Queen, ‘The Queen's broadcast to the UK and Commonwealth’, 5. April (2020). Retrieved October 7, 2021, from https://www.royal.uk/queens-broadcast-uk-and-commonwealthGoogle Scholar
Wright, J., Warren, M., and Snow, N., Understanding Virtue: Theory and Measurement (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021).Google Scholar