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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 October 2009
An Officer is just arrived with an official account of the death of the Grand Duke of Baden which took place this morning at a quarter past three o'clock. The Officer will return direct to Carlsruhe.
I have not the slightest doubt that as soon as ever the King of Bavaria receives this intelligence, that he will give orders to take such steps as he deems necessary for laying claims to the succession of Sponheim.
1 Not traceable.
2 For the Sponheim question ef. n. 21 in Prussia section.
3 The constitution of Baden was introduced on 29 August 1818.
4 The tension between France and Austria grew out of their rivalry in Italy; the immediate cause was a revolutionary rising in Rome, Modena and Parma, which had been going on since February 1831.
5 In return for accepting French hegemony, Friedrich I had been raised to the rank of king in the Peace of Pressburg (26 December 1805).
6 In his speech of 17 March 1831, Grand Duke Leopold called on the chambers and asked them ‘to enable Him to fulfil all his Engagements towards the Confederation given the tense situation abroad’. This referred to Wurttemberg's financial and manpower commitments to the common army of the German Confederation.
7 On 20 September 1819 the German Federal Diet passed four exceptive laws on the basis of the Carlsbad Decrees. These including the Federal Press Law referred to here, which made censorship of the press obligatory.
8 Karl Theodor Welcker.
9 Cf. n. 28 in Frankfurt section.
10 Enclosure: Journal de Francfort, No. 85, 26 03 1831.Google Scholar
11 Karl Friedrich Freiherr Wilkens von Hohenau.
12 Electoral Hesse joined the Prussian Customs Union on 25 August 1831. The province of Hanau in the south saw this as threatening its trade with the neighbouring states of Frankfurt and Bavaria.
13 Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Bismark and Friedrich Graf von Luxburg.
14 Bavaria and Württemberg established the South German Customs Union on 18 January 1828.
15 Hesse-Darmstadt (Grand Duchy of Hesse) joined the Prussian Customs Union on 14 February 1828.
16 Enclosure: Journal de Francfort, No. 329, 26 11 1831.Google Scholar
17 Gottlob Tafel and Fredrich Rödinger were the proprietors and editors of the newspaper, Der Hochwächter, Volksblatt für Stuttgart und Württemberg (cf. n. 46 in Frankfurt section). In 1831–1832 they were refused permission to take their seats as deputies in the Landtag because of past convictions.
18 Briefwechsel zweier Deutscher (1831)Google Scholar (Correspondence between two Germans).
19 Sixt Eberhard von Kapff.
20 Ernst Eugen Freiherr von Hügel.
21 Karl Eberhard Friedrich Freiherr von Varnbüler.
22 The trade treaty of 27 May 1829 between Prussia and South Germany laid the foundations for a common customs area. The freedom of trade agreed here, however, applied only to domestic products.
23 Enclosure: Precis; On the Commercial Association between Prussia, Wurtemberg and Bavaria.
24 Adam von Itzstein.
25 The press law which lifted censorship in Baden came into effect on 28 December 1831. However, articles dealing with the concerns of the German Confederation and other German states were still excluded from the freedom generally granted to the press.
26 Der Freisinnige was published in Freiburg from March 1832 until it was banned in July 1832. The editors of this organ of the Baden opposition were Karl Rodecker von Rotteck, Friedrich Gottlieb Welcker, and Johann Georg Duttlinger.
27 Sigismund Freiherr von Reitzenstein.
28 In Württemberg the freedom of the press was introduced by the press law of 1817, and confirmed by Article 28 of the 1819 constitution. None the less, the Württemberg government excerised censorship.
29 Hambach Festival, cf. pp. 23–26 in Frankfurt section.
30 Ferdinand Freiherr von Andrian-Werburg.
31 Trees of liberty, which had been erected in 1792 in the areas on the left bank of the Rhine under French occupation, were a symbol of the French Revolution.
32 Cf. pp. 35–39 in Frankfurt section.
33 Political gatherings were forbidden by the ordinance of 12 June 1832. A ban on political associations had been in force since 21 February 1832.
34 Cf. n. 26 in this section.
35 The Tuileries, the chief residence of Charles X in Paris.
36 The ordinances of Charles X (restrictions on press freedom; dissolution of the chamber of deputies; reduction in the number of deputies in parliament; curtailment of the suffrage) triggered the revolution of July 1830 in Paris. After his abdication, Charles found a temporary residence at the Palace of Holyrood House, Edinburgh.
37 Vienna Final Act of 1820.
38 Six Articles of 28 June 1832, cf. pp. 35 39 in Frankfurt section.
39 Cf. pp. 123–128 in Prussia section.
40 Act of the Vienna Congress of 9 June 1815.
41 The Six Articles of 28 June 1832 cf. pp. 35–39 in Frankfurt section.
42 In the summer and autumn of 1832, German emigrants and internationally orientated British liberals met at the Crown and Anchor Tavern in London in order to draft a note protesting against the Six Articles. Their aim was to persuade the British government to intervene with the German Confederation.
43 After the censorship regulations were tightened by the Ten Articles, promulgated on 5 July 1832 (Measures for the Re-establishment of Legal Order and Tranquillity in Germany), the Federal Diet banned a number of publications between July and September 1832.
44 The journal meant here was the successor publication to the Europäischen Annalen (1795–1820)Google Scholar. Also published by the Cotta Verlag, it was edited from 1830 by Karl Rodecker von Rotteck under the title Allgemeine politische Annalen. It was banned by a resolution of the Federal Diet of 16 August.
45 Der Freisinnige, which was also edited by Karl Rodecker von Rotteck, cf. n. 26 in this section.
46 Cf. pp. 23–26 in Frankfurt section.
47 Landsmannschaften and Burschenschaften were Student associations at the German universities. They had been officially banned since 1819, but many continued to exist clandestinely.
48 Cf. pp. 41–45 in Frankfurt section.
49 The dispatches mentioned (not included in this volume) referred to the occupation of the Free City of Frankfurt by confederal troops. For the British standpoint cf. pp. 66–68 in Frankfurt section.
50 August Heinrich Freiherr von Trott zu Solz.
51 Not traceable.
52 Anne Louis Gabriel, vicomte de Fontenay.
53 Stuttgart Evening Post; it contained the latest news from English, French and North-American Journals.
54 Paul Neff.
55 Galignani's Messenger, an English-language newspaper which had been published in Paris since 1814.
56 La Tribune des Départements, a republican newspaper of the radical opposition, established in 1829.
57 Enclosures: 1. Evening Post, No. 1, Stuttgart, 1 01 1835Google Scholar; 2. Albion: A Weekly Chronicle of Literature, Science and the Fine Arts, No. 1, Stuttgart, 4 01 1835.Google Scholar
58 Ferdinand.
59 Space left in original.
60 Cf. n. 79 in Prussia section.
61 Not included in this volume.
62 Cf. pp. 263–264 in Hanover section and pp. 85–88 in Frankfurt section.
63 Under the terms of the Federal Press Law of 20 September 1819, publications longer than 320 pages were exempted from pre-censorship.
64 On 30 September 1839 the further dissemination of the document produced by the law faculty of the University of Tübingen on 26 January 1839 was banned by the Federal Diet. At the same time the government of Württemberg was instructed, under the terms of the Federal Press Law of 1819, to prosecute the Tübingen professors for their personal misdemeanours.
65 The Bundesmilitärkommission was set up in 1819 by the resolution of the Federal Diet in order to organize and supervise the military concerns of the German Confederation. It met in a number of different places by turns.
66 Cf. n. 208 in Frankfurt section.
67 Enclosure: Grossherzoglich Badisches Staats- und Regierungsblatt, Carlsruhe, 9 February 1843.
68 Cf. n. 210 in Frankfurt section.
69 Convention of Commerce and Navigation between Great Britain, on the one part, and Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, Wurtemberg, Baden, the Electorate of Hesse, the Grand Duchy of Hesse, the States forming the Customs and Commercial Union of Thuringia, Nassau, and Frankfurt, on the other part; signed at London, 2 March 1841.
70 Allgemeine Zeitung, cf. n. 33 in Bavaria section.
71 Britain concluded trade treaties to this effect with Hanover on 12 June 1824, and with the Hanse Towns of Lübeck, Bremen, and Hamburg on 19 September 1825.
72 The Landtag assembled on 17 April 1841.
73 Joseph Peter und Gerhard Adolf Aschbach.
74 Not included in this volume.
75 Franz Freiherr Rüdt von Collenberg-Eberstadt. On 20 May, on the re-opening of the Landtag, Rüdt announced ‘that the only subjects with which they would have to occupy themselves during the remainder of the session, would be the completion of the Budget for the Years 1842 and 1843’.
76 Ludwig Freiherr Rüdt von Collenberg-Bödigheim.
77 Article 56 of the Vienna Final Act of 1820 enshrined the protection of the constitutions in the states of the German Confederation.
78 Cf. pp. 204–205 in Prussia section.
79 Not included in this volume.
80 Cf. n. 137 in Saxony section.
81 Allgemeine Zeitung, cf. n. 33 in Bavaria section.
82 The Eisenbahn-Journal und National-Magasin für neue Erfindungen, Entdeckungen und Fortschritte im Handel und Gewerbe, in der Land- und Hauswirtschaft, in öffentlichen Unternehmungen und Anstalten, sowie für Statistik, Nationalökonomie und Finanzwesen was published from April 1835 to July 1837.
83 Enclosures: Das Zollvereinsblatt, No. 1, 1 January 1843; No. 2, 8 January; No. 3, 15 January; No. 4, 22 January.
84 The relevant provisions are in the Federal Act of 1815 and the Vienna Final Act of 1820.
85 Adam von Itzstein.
86 This refers to the German Catholics (Deutschkatholiken) who were led by Karl Ronge.
87 Enclosures: Statement of the demand of Wurtemberg Manufacturers for augmented duties, Original and translation.
88 Alexander Dusch.
89 Vayhinger.
90 Malet is referring to the attempt by the British prime minister, Sir Robert Peel, to repeal the Corn Laws in the winter of 1845–1846 (cf. n. 171 in Prussia section).
91 Loechner.
92 Malet refers here to the marriage between Crown Prince Karl of Württemberg and Grand Duchess Olga Nikolajevna of Russia in August 1846.
93 Cf. pp. 235–236, 238–241 in Prussia section.
94 Wilhelm.
95 Loftus refers to the following stages of press legislation in Germany: Article 18 of the Act of the German Confederation of 8 June 1815 held out the prospect of a uniform press law for the whole of the German Confederation. The Federal Press Law of 20 September 1819 went back to resolutions of the Aachen Congress (September/October 1818) and the Carlsbad Conferences (August 1819). After the French revolution of July 1830, a number of states began liberalizing their laws; but measures taken by the German Confederation in 1831 and 1832 (Maβregeln-Gesetz of 5 July), and 1832 and 1834 (Articles 28–36 of the Sixty Articles of 12 June 1834) resulted in a considerable tightening up of press legislation again.
96 FO 82/52: Alexander Malet to Viscount Palmerston, No. 5, Stuttgart, 5 February 1847, not included in this volume. The united diet of February 1847 was convened in order to provide ‘funds for the system of railroads undertaken by the Government’.
97 Karl.
98 For the food riots cf. p. 403 in this section.
99 Karl Heinzen.
100 Enclosures: 1. Königliche Verordnung, betreffend das Verbot von Vereinen mit kommunistischer Tendenz, 21 April 1847; 2. Translation