agriculture 254, 344, 449, 499, 504, 508–509

Alsace-Lorraine 36–37, 52, 121, 123, 173, 188, 271n, 359, 382, 469n, 471n, 477, 524

Altona 157, 299, 369n

America (see United States of America)

anarchism/nihilism 164–165, 326, 337, 346, 368, 371, 379

Anglophobia/anti-British sentiments (see also Germany and Great Britain) 16–17, 52–55, 117–118, 167, 241, 244–245, 263, 310, 315, 324–325, 334, 363–364, 367, 375, 377–380, 388, 511–512

anti-Semitism (see Jews)

Anti-Socialist Laws and measures 14, 138–141, 246–248, 250n, 326–328, 336–339, 367–368, 371–372, 390–391, 414, 498–500

Arab-Tabia 156

Armenia 358

army and military affairs (see also Austro-Prussian War; Franco-Prussian War): of Baden 236; of Bavaria 236–237, 264, 457–458, 494–495; of France 54, 74–76, 99, 101–103, 122–125, 172, 187, 190, 236–237; of German Empire (see also German Empire, military laws) 60–61, 63–64, 75–77, 87, 103–104, 123–125, 140, 176–177, 182–183, 219, 241, 243, 254, 291–292, 421, 424–425, 507–508; of Great Britain 34, 54–55, 124–125, 156, 178, 183–184, 262–263, 313, 331, 364, 366, 383, 419, 511–512; of Hesse 206, 225, 236, 238–239, 264–265; of Prussia 54–55, 234, 291; of Russia (see also Russo-Turkish War) 125, 128, 315; of Saxony 269, 291–292, 312–313; of Württemberg 236, 395, 422–423

Arolsen 422

assassinations (attempts) 14, 94–95, 98, 138, 141, 153n, 164, 247–249, 336–337, 368n, 414

Australia 129, 303n

Austria-Hungary (see also army and military affairs; Austro-Prussian War; Bohemia; Hungary; League of the Three Emperors): and France 93–94, 101; and German Empire (see also Dual Alliance) 18–19, 33–34, 54–55, 63, 68, 70–71, 93–94, 99–100, 104, 108, 111–114, 130, 136, 149–150, 159–162, 169–170, 244, 316–317, 365–366, 388, 435, 472–473; and Great Britain 78, 120–121, 135, 366; and Italy 101–102, 359; and Russia 70–71, 111–112, 120, 123, 132, 136–137, 147–148, 151, 160–163, 194–195, 244, 316, 359, 472–473; emperor (see name index: Franz Joseph I); government 33–34, 55n, 93–94, 112, 159

Austro-Prussian War 37n, 57, 60, 77, 87, 93, 98, 149, 195–196, 205n, 222, 243, 256, 314, 431

Baden (Austria) 148, 150

Baden (see also army and military affairs): and German Empire (see also German Empire: November Treaties; reserved rights) 114–115, 215, 225, 257, 260, 348, 405; and Prussia 222, 225–226, 256; chambers 228, 258–259, 265–266; grand duke (see name index: Friedrich I); ministry 200, 265; religion and religious policy 201, 208–210, 212, 228

Baden-Baden 58, 83n

Balkan crisis (see also Russo-Turkish War) 108, 111–112, 113n, 116, 117n, 119–121, 350

Baltic 61

Bamberg 435

banks/stock exchange 35, 41, 92–93, 110n, 115, 226, 340, 347, 351, 353–354, 448–452

Bautzen 291

Bavaria (see also army and military affairs): and Austria 19, 316, 435, 494–496; and France 189–190, 469–471, 509–510, 518, 524; and German Empire (see also German Empire: November Treaties; reserved rights) 11, 22, 59, 85, 114–115, 157, 215, 333, 396–397, 399, 407, 429–431, 436–437, 453–454, 457–470, 484–487, 492, 494–496, 502–504, 508–509, 513–517, 521, 525–528; and Prussia 11, 39–40, 465, 475, 484–486, 494, 514–516, 526; chambers 109–110, 396, 429–431, 437, 453, 458, 460–462, 464, 466, 482–487, 491–494, 502–503, 506–508, 514; Concordat 208, 455, 489–490; constitution 432–433, 460–461, 466, 483–484, 489–490, 528; diplomatic relations 11, 22, 39–40, 298, 447, 452–454, 468–470, 501–503, 505, 509–511, 513, 517; king (see name index: Ludwig II); ministry 453–456, 465, 470–471, 482–485, 487, 494, 501, 506–507, 526; regency 527; religion and religious policy 208, 432–439, 448–452, 455–457, 476, 484, 486, 488–491, 495, 506–507, 513, 515, 521

Belfort 55, 218

Belgium 37, 95, 98–100, 130, 410, 480–481

Berg 465, 501

Berlin 7, 10, 12, 17, 20–22, 32, 33n, 39, 41, 44–47, 49–52, 54, 56–58, 63–68, 70, 72, 77, 80–83n, 85, 88, 91, 96–97, 105, 109, 112, 114, 116, 120, 122–127, 130, 135, 140–143, 146, 149–150, 152, 159, 170, 172, 174–175, 177, 179–181, 183–184, 188–190, 194, 196, 200–201, 203–204, 207, 226, 233, 235–237, 240, 246, 250, 252, 254, 273, 285, 287, 290–294, 298, 309, 319, 322, 324, 327–330, 333–335, 337, 347, 349–353, 366–368, 371, 387, 405–407, 409, 412, 414, 417–418, 424–425, 433, 435–436, 441, 444, 447, 453, 466–467, 470–471, 476, 484, 487, 509, 513, 522–523; British embassy 2–4, 6–10, 20–21, 23, 34–36, 44–47, 82–83, 133, 492; Congress/Treaty of 16, 20, 134–137, 147, 150, 155–157, 162–163, 172, 246n, 251, 331n, 334, 358, 364n

Berne 296, 502n

Bessarabia 331

Bingen 254–255

Black Sea 121, 134, 136, 163, 195

Blue Books 122–123

Bohemia 149, 170, 239, 435

Bologna 445

Bosnia 112n, 136, 147n, 162, 311n, 317n

Brazil 522

Breslau (Wrocław) 96, 290, 352

Brunswick 271; succession question 51, 142

Brussels 39, 66, 80, 98–99, 197, 478n, 480

Bulgaria 21, 116n, 134n, 136, 147n, 156n, 239–240, 251, 317n, 358n

Calais 291

Canada 22, 61–62

Canossa (Bismarck's speech) 186, 284, 360, 362, 376, 521

Canton 370

Carlsbad, conferences and decrees 281, 304

Cassel 181, 200

Catholic Church (see Roman Catholics)

censorship (see press)

Charlottenburg 140

Chemnitz 274–276, 288, 304

Cherbourg 159, 173

China 129

civil code/civil law 252–253, 277–280, 396, 459–462, 466–467

clergy 43, 48, 56, 69, 73, 79–81, 89, 95, 100, 154, 156, 202, 210, 213, 226, 229, 281–282, 295, 305, 362, 376, 411, 415–416, 432–433, 436–437, 442, 455–456, 476, 488–491, 494, 498–499

Coblence (Koblenz) 58, 254–255

Coburg 5–7

Cologne 29–30, 79, 153, 211, 290, 363, 519

colonies/colonial ambitions 22–23, 85–86, 105, 110–111, 128–129, 160, 167, 178, 184–185, 307, 357, 373, 512

commerce (see trade and commerce)

conservatives (see also parties, Freikonservative Partei) 42, 47–48, 56–58, 71, 81, 87–89, 101, 138–139, 143–144, 168–169, 185–186, 201–202, 238, 256, 258–259, 265–266, 285, 292, 309–310, 315, 317, 329, 330, 338, 351, 359, 362, 372–374, 378–379, 381, 390, 429, 437

Constance 204

Constantinople 18, 66, 120, 151, 156–157, 159, 163, 167, 176n, 291, 315, 317, 331

constitutionalism/constitutional conflicts 14–15, 48, 53, 81, 157n, 158n, 173–174, 244, 246–247, 279–281, 284–285, 288–289, 319, 332–334, 338–339, 342, 345–346, 387, 492–494, 463

Copenhagen 355, 370

Crete 163, 195n

currency/gold standard 214–215, 347

Customs Union (Zollverein) 115, 158, 351, 354, 357, 361, 370

customs, customs' laws, duties and tariffs (see also free trade; protectionism) 142–144n, 149, 157–158, 162, 172n, 225, 230n, 257, 261, 321n, 325, 341–342, 344, 349, 369–370, 373

Danube 70, 121, 127–128, 315, 331

Danubian Principalities 121

Danzig (Gdańsk) 171, 381

Darmstadt (see also Hesse-Darmstadt) 2–3, 5–7, 9, 12, 17, 20–21, 197–198, 214, 237, 241, 248, 251, 253, 265, 296, 416

Delagoa Bay 105

democrats (see also parties, Deutsche Volkspartei) 220, 237, 257–259, 271, 304, 391, 414, 420, 423–424

Denmark 52, 121, 142, 146n, 341

Diet of the German Confederation 3, 222, 406

diplomatic practice and protocol 4–8, 30–31, 34–36, 39–40, 44–46, 65–66, 82–83, 91–92, 109, 122–123, 152, 189, 273–274, 293–299, 311–313, 329, 376–378, 389, 395, 402–403, 406–407, 416–417, 447, 477–480, 501–502, 505, 509–511

Dreikaiserbund (see League of the Three Emperors)

Dresden 10, 12, 17, 85, 269–270, 272, 281, 285, 288, 290, 292, 294–299, 304, 319, 326–327, 330–331, 337, 340, 348, 350–351, 353–355, 360, 371–374, 376–378, 381–382, 384, 389, 464; British mission 2–7, 273–274, 294–299

Dual Alliance 19, 146–152, 159, 161–163, 166, 170–171, 190, 349, 359, 421, 513n

Eastern Question 16, 20–21, 55, 61, 68, 70–71, 111–112, 114, 116–117, 119–123, 126, 130, 132–137, 151, 155–157, 159, 161–163, 166–168, 306, 315–317, 320–321, 331–332, 350, 358–359, 363–364, 472–473, 524

Eastern Rumelia 147n, 156–157

Egypt (see also Suez Canal) 16, 22–23, 110–111, 121, 135, 155, 166–168, 183, 175–178, 263, 306–307, 383, 511–512

Eisenach 300–301

Elbe, navigation act 157, 369n

Elberfeld 299

elections (see also franchise) 8, 14, 38, 41, 138–139, 143, 168–169, 174, 198, 203, 206, 213, 220, 237–238, 257–259, 265–266, 281, 322, 325–326, 337, 352, 372–374, 381, 415, 420, 423–424, 450, 476, 482–484, 491, 493, 499, 506, 517

Ellwangen 411

emigration 22, 61–62, 97–98, 160, 366

Ems 33, 67, 83n, 107, 193–194; Dispatch 33n

England (see Great Britain)

Erbach 253

Erzurum 128

Esslingen 415

exhibitions 67n, 70, 121–122, 135, 335, 501

Falk Laws (see May Laws)

Faulquemont 264

Federal Council (Bundesrat) 9, 47, 59, 79n, 81, 88, 140, 143n, 157–158, 246, 259–261, 279, 285, 290, 314, 333–334, 339, 341, 344, 348, 357, 367, 369, 372, 396–400, 406–407, 409, 414, 418–419, 436, 458–462, 466–468, 487, 508; blocking minority 9, 348, 396–400, 407, 458–459, 487

Filehne 69

fortifications/fortresses 35, 37, 177, 187n, 239, 284, 287, 342

France (see also army and military affairs): and Germany (see also Alsace-Lorraine; Franco-Prussian War; ‘War-in-Sight’ crisis) 16–18, 73–76, 121–123, 130, 135, 151–153, 161, 163, 166–168, 172–173, 175, 186–190, 218, 245, 250, 323, 384–385, 388, 433, 467, 469–472, 474–475, 501, 518, 523–524; and Great Britain 17, 34–37, 53, 55, 60–61, 63, 75, 77–78, 82, 84, 103–104, 106, 116, 151, 155–156, 166–168, 172, 176, 178, 347; and Russia 84, 122, 135, 153, 159, 161, 163, 171, 194–195, 385, 421, 507; government/domestic affairs 73–75, 93, 100, 135, 179, 189, 194, 346–347, 382, 384–385, 438, 446–447, 470–471, 518, 522–523; Napoleonic Wars 33, 76, 180; war of revenge 17, 54–56, 60–61, 63, 74, 80, 99, 101, 113, 121, 159, 173, 187–188, 217, 221, 243–244, 385, 442, 504, 507, 518

franchise/electoral laws 41, 259, 301, 373, 423, 482–484, 487, 491, 493

Franco-Prussian War (see also France, war of revenge; Frankfurt, Treaty of) 1, 8–9, 16–17, 19, 29–36, 53, 55, 57, 60–61, 73n, 87, 93, 95, 98–99, 104, 117, 152, 180–181, 189, 193–197, 201, 218n, 223, 243, 264–265, 269–271, 310, 312, 382, 385, 400, 421, 431, 457–458, 507, 514, 520; POWs 34–36, 272; war indemnity 17, 31, 50, 54, 67, 77, 229, 276–277, 308, 321, 341–342

Frankfurt am Main 3, 58, 205–206, 237, 250, 254–255, 440, 515; Treaty of 1, 9, 36n, 52n, 55n, 67n, 76n, 123n, 218n, 433

free trade 344–345, 354, 370

Freiburg im Breisgau 201, 210, 238

Friedrichsruh 77n, 159n, 344

Fulda 43, 69, 282–283

Gaesdonck 295

Garmisch 462–464

Gastein 51, 66–67, 148, 169–170

Geneva 178, 295n, 443

German Catholics (Deutschkatholiken) 43

German Confederation 3, 256, 337n, 458

German Empire (see also Reichstag; Federal Council; civil code): budget and finances (see also Franco-Prussian War, war indemnity) 261, 277, 285, 303–304, 308, 341–345, 381, 386–387, 420, 503; chancellor (see name index: Bismarck); civil and criminal procedure 252–253, 318–320, 330, 409, 451, 459; constitution 9, 14–15, 38, 88n, 229–230, 235n, 260–261, 279–280, 319, 322, 330, 332–333, 342, 348, 365–366, 369–370, 387, 396–401, 405–407, 453, 458–462, 466–469, 487 490, 516; criminal/penal code 231–232, 252–253, 275, 304–306, 436–437, 448, 459; diplomatic representation 22, 39–40, 67–68, 86n, 95, 152–153, 164, 171, 306, 329, 468–469, 502–503, 513, 517; emperor (see name index: Wilhelm I); foreign policy (see also individual foreign states; Dual Alliance; League of the Three Emperors) 14–15, 21–23, 54–57, 59, 62–63, 78, 83–84, 86, 93–95, 99–101, 104, 109, 119–120, 132–133, 155, 165–168, 172–173, 187, 189–190, 242–244, 315, 431–432, 467–469; imperial government 10, 59, 68, 91, 96–97, 133–134, 138–139, 144–145, 152–153, 182–183, 218, 220, 232–233, 323–324, 330, 332–334, 343, 361, 408–409, 418, 424–425; military laws 14, 17, 76, 80–82, 89–90, 103, 152, 159, 285–287, 315, 342, 398, 503–504; November Treaties of 1870 8, 39–40, 197, 256, 396n, 398–401, 429–431, 461, 466–468, 484n; occupational accident insurance 13, 365–366, 373–374, 386, 390n; proclamation of German Emperor 1, 8, 30–32, 44, 197, 270, 429–431; reserved rights of Baden, Bavaria, and Württemberg 9, 398, 405, 484–485n, 492, 515–516; unity of/nation building (see also individual German states) 1, 6, 8–11, 33, 44, 47, 53–54, 56, 66, 76, 84–87, 94–95, 100, 102, 104, 110, 114–115, 118, 201, 208, 210, 214–215, 223, 225, 229–230, 236, 238–239, 248, 261, 286–287, 360–361, 370, 384, 400–402, 418, 431, 438, 458, 463–464, 467, 494–495, 514–515

Gieß en 257

Glashütte 335–336

Glauchau-Meerane (electoral district) 41, 273, 287

Gotha, congress and programme 219, 299, 325–326

Gravelotte, Battle of 312, 474

Great Britain (see also Anglophobia; army and military affairs; Ireland): and Franco-Prussian War 16–17, 29, 31–32, 34–36, 45n, 53, 61, 117, 180, 263, 270, 273–274, 395; and Germany (Anglo-German relations; see also Hesse-Darmstadt; Prussia; Saxony) 1–2, 15–20, 30, 32, 44–45, 60–61, 68, 77–78, 82–84, 86, 104, 106–108, 110–111, 113–114, 117–118, 122–125, 137, 146, 155, 164, 167, 180–182, 216–217, 227, 241, 244–246, 263, 270, 276, 302–303, 306–307, 309–310, 313, 315–318, 331, 334–335, 350, 357–360, 363–364, 366–369, 374–378, 383, 386, 388, 419, 480–481, 511–512, 522–524; consular service 29–30, 34n, 48, 97n, 128–129, 133; diplomatic representation and missions (see also Berlin; Dresden; Munich) 1–8, 18, 21–22, 34–36, 44–46, 82–83, 109, 122–123, 273–274, 293–299, 376–378, 389, 395, 477–480, 505, 509–511, 522–523; government/domestic politics 13, 16, 78, 95, 106, 110–111, 137, 207, 247, 309, 331, 334, 357–360, 363, 367–369, 375, 378–380, 386, 388, 390–391, 481; military attaché 4, 34, 54–55, 124–125, 183–184; subjects in Germany 29, 174–175, 262, 294, 296–298, 477–478, 502n

Greece 156, 159, 162–163, 167n, 239, 358

Guelph fund/reptile fund 89, 281, 289n, 327n, 334

Haiti 83

Hamburg 129, 157–158, 342, 369–370, 371

Hanover (city) 3, 46

Hanover 3, 51, 447; claims to sovereignty/Guelph party 141–142, 442

Heligoland 374–375

Herzegovina 108, 111–112, 116, 136, 162

Hesse-Darmstadt (Grand Duchy; see also army and military affairs): and German Empire 10, 197–198, 200, 215, 221, 230–233, 235–236, 247, 251–254, 260–261; and Great Britain 5, 227, 262; and Prussia 11, 196–198, 206, 223–226, 227, 239, 254–255; and Russia 21, 222, 239–240, 251; budget 226, 229–230; chambers 206, 224–227, 230, 235–236, 254; grand duke (see name index: Ludwig III; Ludwig IV); ministry 10, 196–198, 224, 231–232, 255–256, 260–261; Oberhessen 197n, 199n, 256n–257; Province of Starkenburg 257; religion and religious policy 198–199, 202–204, 209–210, 216–217, 224–225, 232

Hohenschwangau 429, 496, 500, 510–511

Holland (see Netherlands)

Holstein 74, 146n

Holy See (Vatican; see also Roman Catholics) 12–13, 38–40, 48–49, 55–56, 63, 73, 79, 95, 100–102, 121, 145, 153–155, 168–169, 171–172, 185–186, 190, 201, 213, 411, 415, 441–447, 452–454, 489, 496–498, 509–513, 519–521; pope (see name index: Pius IX; Leo XIII)

Honduras 82

Hubertusburg 287

Hungary 104, 112, 136, 352

Hyderabad 175

India 111, 174–175, 272–273

industry/factories 14, 20, 102, 234, 238, 241, 247–248, 274–276, 301, 335–336, 343–344, 351, 370, 373, 410, 414

International Workingmen's Association (First International) 13, 40–42, 48–49, 205, 272–273, 275, 300–301, 326

Ioannina 163

Ireland/Irish 13, 37, 183–184, 378–380, 386, 391, 522

Italy/Italians 55, 83, 100–102, 136, 151, 161, 166, 213n, 359, 379, 446, 511–513

Japan 83

Jesuits 80, 100–101, 198–199, 201–204, 295, 438, 443, 446, 490–491

Jews and anti-Semitism 64, 158, 350–355, 372, 374, 403, 448–449

judicature and legal practice (see also German Empire, civil and criminal procedure) 14, 29, 91–92, 96–97, 250–254, 273, 287, 289, 292–294, 302–306, 318–320, 322–323, 327–328, 330, 336–339, 368–369, 451; Supreme German Court 322–323, 330

Kandahar 379

Karlsruhe 197, 210, 241, 257

Katzenelnbogen 253

Kiel 85

Kissingen 66, 476, 496–497

Königgrätz/Sadová, Battle of 314, 474

Königsberg 430

Königstein 287

Kulturkampf (see also May Laws) 12–13, 37–38, 47–49, 55, 77–80, 84, 89, 94–97, 99–101, 144–145, 153–155, 168–169, 172, 201–204, 207–208, 212–213, 220, 224, 228–229, 234, 282–284, 294–295, 350–351, 357, 362, 376, 390, 408–412, 438–447, 454–455, 457, 476, 482, 484, 490, 496–498, 506, 513, 519–521

Larissa 163

Lauenburg 77

Le Havre 53

League of the Three Emperors (Dreikaiserbund) 19–20, 50–53, 55, 58, 67n, 70–71, 74, 93–94, 113–114, 116, 136, 150, 161–163, 171, 173, 243, 311, 325

Leipzig 11, 48n, 15n, 200, 237, 271, 273n, 280, 299, 304, 311–313, 315, 320, 328, 330, 332, 336n, 348, 354–355,371–372, 474; university 280; state of siege 367–368, 372

liberals/liberalism (see also Manchester Liberalism; parties: Deutsche Fortschrittspartei; Liberale Vereinigung; Nationalliberale Partei) 14, 53, 63, 84, 87, 143, 164, 171, 198n, 200–203, 207–209, 244, 246, 248–250, 263, 265, 309–310, 324, 340, 355, 358–359, 373, 378–382, 437, 443n, 448–450, 486, 490, 494

Livadia 119, 150–151, 251

Loire 384

London 9, 13, 18, 39n–40, 45, 48–49, 61, 65–66, 77, 82, 83n, 98n, 99n, 106n, 125n, 134n, 143, 164, 172n, 175, 262, 272–273, 275, 294, 299, 306n, 317, 368n, 375n, 467n, 479–480, 502, 510

Lübeck 348

Ludwigsburg 422

Ludwigslust 159

Lusatia 380

Lützen 291

Luxembourg 37, 53, 82

Madrid 528

Magdala 313

Mainz (Mayence) 12, 36–37, 200, 202–204, 207, 212, 234, 237–239, 253, 257, 302

Manchester 146

Manchester Liberalism 287–288, 310, 351, 355

Mannheim 204, 206, 260

Marienbad 39n, 148

Marienburg 52

May Laws (Falk Laws) 13, 69, 72–73, 79–81, 89, 95–96, 144–145, 153–154, 169, 185–186, 213, 225, 284, 295, 360–362, 375–376, 416, 496–498, 519–520

Mecklenburg-Schwerin 45

Mecklenburg-Strelitz 45

Metsovo 163

Metz 76

Mexico 184, 443

Mittenweida 288

monarchy/monarchical principle 21, 63, 153n, 164, 173–174, 220, 227, 278, 299n, 420, 523, 527

Montenegro 117n, 134n, 156, 161n, 311, 364n, 417

Munich 19, 25, 42, 95, 145n, 158, 197, 256, 299, 328–329, 335, 352, 397, 429, 432–434, 447–451, 453, 456–457, 464–465, 469, 476–478, 493n, 495, 499, 501–502, 505, 509–512, 514–515, 517, 526, 528; British mission 2–3, 6–9, 11–12, 477–478, 509–510, 522–523; university 13, 432–433, 456

navy/German maritime power 23, 55, 85–86, 129, 140

Netherlands 121, 130

Neva 359

New Zealand 129

newspapers (see press)

Nicaragua 82

Nikolsburg (Mikulov), preliminary peace of 256

nobility/aristocracy 58n, 76–77, 87–89, 294, 316, 391, 424

North German Confederation 8, 35, 39, 115, 197, 222–223n, 256n, 277, 286n, 396n, 398n, 404n, 407n, 429, 458n, 460n, 468n

northern Germany 42, 81, 199, 211n, 212, 254, 256, 263, 280, 300, 305, 330, 343, 378, 396–397, 399, 410, 415, 495

Nuremberg 352, 499

Offenbach 205, 237

Ohrid, Lake 358

Old Catholic Church/movement 13, 42–43, 71–73, 89, 209–212, 224, 432–435, 455–457, 488n, 515

Olpe 69

Ottoman Empire (the Porte) (see also Balkan crisis; Bulgaria; Eastern Question; Egypt; Herzegovina; Montenegro; Russo-Turkish War; Serbia; Tunis) 20–21, 61n, 70–71, 108, 110–114, 116, 117n, 119–121, 125–128, 131–132, 134–137, 147n, 151, 156–157, 161–163, 167–168, 171n, 175–176, 241, 243, 251, 310–311, 317n, 320–321, 324n, 335n, 359, 364, 473, 522

Paderborn 69, 498

Palatinate (Pfalz) 222

Paris 14, 29, 33, 45, 67, 82, 86n, 95, 98, 107n, 110, 112, 152–153, 165, 172, 180–181, 187, 188n, 216, 221, 231, 256, 264, 270–271, 273, 298, 385n, 430, 441n, 467n, 469–470, 472, 479, 501, 502n, 507n, 510n; Congress and Treaty (1856) 116, 134, 136, 195n; La Commune 33, 37, 231, 247, 287n, 327, 346; World's Fair of 1878 121–122, 135

parties (see also conservatives; democrats; socialists; liberals; ultramontanes): Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein 219n, 299, 302; Bayerische Patriotenpartei 437, 478n, 482–487, 490–494, 499, 506, 515–516; Christlich-Soziale Arbeiterpartei 322, 353, 374; Deutsche Fortschrittspartei 41, 169, 186, 284–286, 288, 290, 294, 309–310, 321, 327, 372–374, 433, 454; Deutsche Volkspartei 257, 420, 423–424; Freikonservative Partei 309–310, 315, 317, 329, 338; Katholische Volkspartei 499–500; Liberale Vereinigung 256–258, 372, 378, 381–382; Nationalliberale Partei 42, 48, 56, 80–82, 87–90, 95, 97, 109–110, 133–134, 139, 142–143, 169, 197, 213, 223–224, 230, 233, 235, 237–238, 247–248, 256–259, 265, 285–286, 288–294, 300, 306, 309–312, 317, 320–321, 324–325, 328–330, 333, 337, 342–344, 347, 351–352, 356, 360–361, 372–374, 402, 404, 411, 423, 433, 436, 449, 454–455, 457, 459, 470, 492–493, 515; Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei 41, 199–200, 219n, 275–276, 281, 286–288, 292, 294, 299–302; Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands 219–220, 231, 237–238, 247–249, 299–302, 327, 336–338, 372–374, 390–391, 414–415, 499–500; Zentrumspartei 12, 37–38, 43, 96n, 144–145, 168–169, 185–186, 190, 219–220, 237–238, 242, 257–259, 281, 381n, 420, 436, 444–445, 470–471, 498

peasantry 258, 342, 367, 448–450, 494

Persia 63–66, 68

Pest 147n, 352, 473

Philippopolis (Plovdiv) 157

Poland/Poles/Polish party 47–48, 52, 76, 349, 355–356, 389n, 441–442, 444

police and prisons 41, 48n, 49–50, 58n, 69, 73n, 79, 92, 96n, 97, 140, 184, 247n, 249–250, 253, 262, 264, 271–273, 275, 281, 284, 287–288, 300–301, 319, 327, 337–338, 368n, 391, 403, 405, 414, 436–437, 448, 451, 479, 499n

Posen (Prussian provincial state) 69, 199

Posen 441, 498, 519

postage/postal services 225, 398, 484n, 515–516

Poti 128

Potsdam 64, 65, 140

Prague 170; Peace of (1866) 52n, 146, 149

press and journalism 17–18, 23, 38, 42–43, 51–54, 57, 62, 77, 84, 86, 91–92, 96, 101–102, 105–107, 116–118, 120, 128, 132, 141, 144, 147–148, 152, 159–162, 170, 179, 187–190, 201–203, 217–218, 231–232, 243, 245–246, 288–291, 302, 310–311, 317, 319–320, 332, 334, 351, 353–354, 360, 363–364, 388, 411, 451, 469, 480–481, 486, 500, 511–514, 521, 523–524; Imperial Press Law 81, 280–282, 405–406; regulation of/censorship 81, 89, 164, 234, 250, 280, 286, 301, 319, 328, 368–369; semi-official/inspired press 117–118, 128, 147–148, 169, 264, 281, 286, 288–290, 294, 309, 314, 330, 334, 344, 351, 378–379, 410, 469n, 470, 474, 523; Allgemeine Zeitung 212, 242, 244, 294, 378, 455–456, 472–475; Berliner Börsen-Courier 353; Berliner Freie Presse 328; Berliner Tageblatt 264, 353; Constitutionelle Zeitung 281; Correspondance de Berlin 36, 42, 94n, 108n, 126; Dagblad 355–356; Daily News 91, 334–335, 366, 371; Daily Telegraph 91n, 289; Darmstädter Zeitung 241, 246; Das bayerische Vaterland 451–452, 499; Der Dresdner Volksbote 275, 281, 294; Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung 289; Deutsche Nachrichten 72; Deutsche Uhrmacherzeitung 336; Deutsche Wacht 354; Deutscher Reichsanzeiger und Königlich Preuß ischer Staatsanzeiger 105–106, 108, 138; Dresdner Nachrichten 317, 344, 363, 382, 388; Dresdner Anzeiger 360, 379, 388; Dresdner Journal 269, 335, 354, 364–365; Dresdner Presse 281, 294, 328; Edinburgh Review 307; Frankfurter Journal 379; Frankfurter Zeitung 250, 263, 319, Fränkische Tagespost 500; Freiheit 164; Germania 43, 96n, 154, 169, 213, 320; Hannoverscher Courier 154; Hessische Volksblätter 241; Im neuen Reich 287, 355; Journal des débats 474; Kölnische Zeitung 31–32, 51, 53, 101n, 147, 155, 173, 184, 189, 216, 242, 244, 246, 315, 378, 474; La Correspondance de Genève 443–444; Le Mémorial diplomatique 279; Leipziger Tageblatt 289; Mainzer Journal 204, 213, 234; Mainzer Tageblatt 204; Mainzer Zeitung 242; Morning Post 509; Münchener Neueste Nachrichten 448–449; National Zeitung 42, 170, 232, 290, 294, 311, 334, 405; Nationalliberale Korrespondenz 289–290; Neue Frankfurter Presse 240–241, 244, 246; Neue Freie Presse 279, 379; Neue Preuß ische Zeitung/Kreuzzeitung 311, 419; New York Herald 91; Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung 51, 147, 184, 186–188, 264, 368, 388, 523–524; Pall Mall 91; Pester Lloyd 147; Post 101n, 147, 153–154; Preuß ische Jahrbücher 97, 310, 330–331, 354–355; Provinzial Correspondenz 84–85, 125; Saturday Review 52; Schwäbischer Merkur 405; Spenersche Zeitung 51; Staatsanzeiger für Württemberg 399; Süddeutsche Reichspost 201; The Standard 183; The Times 18, 56, 61, 85, 107, 116, 130, 188, 205–206, 216–218, 264–265, 270, 289, 315–316, 357, 368, 382, 388, 472, 474, 480–481, 524; Volksstaat 299; Weimarische Neueste Nachrichten 154; World 91

protectionism (see also customs) 142–144n, 169, 257, 321, 323–325, 341, 344–345, 349, 373–374

Protestants/Lutherans 63, 84, 198–199, 208–209, 224, 238, 283, 294–295, 302, 351–352, 362, 376, 389–390, 408, 411, 439, 446, 449, 507

Prussia (see also army and military affairs; Franco-Prussian War; Austro-Prussian War; Posen; Rhine province; Silesia; Westphalia): and Austria 33–34, 435; and German Empire 10–12, 44, 57–59, 66, 76–77, 223, 431, 445; and Great Britain 30, 44; and Russia 193–196, 350; chambers 10, 41, 43, 47, 56–58, 88, 122, 148, 185–186, 224–225, 342–343, 352, 360, 438, 457; constitution 38n, 43, 56–57, 173–174, 207n, 299, 301, 304–305, 318, 342–343; king (see name index: Wilhelm I); ministry 38, 43, 48, 59, 66, 68, 138, 173–174, 182–183; Prussian supremacy 9, 11, 196, 205–206, 210, 223–226, 229–230, 239, 244, 254–256, 280, 290, 330, 355–356, 399, 402–403, 409, 478–479, 514–516; religion and religious policy (see also May Laws; Kulturkampf) 43, 72, 88, 207–210, 224

public opinion/popular feeling 15, 17–18, 21, 23, 51, 53–54, 56, 60, 71, 80–81, 96–97, 99, 101–102, 106, 122, 126–127, 129, 131, 136–137, 141, 144, 148–149, 171, 173, 179, 201–202, 213, 241–243, 247, 249, 279, 291–295, 298, 310–311, 315, 320–321, 334, 337, 343–344, 358, 360, 376, 378, 381, 413, 418, 421, 434, 472–475, 480–481, 503, 512–513, 521

Puerto Rico 86

railways 36, 54n, 97n, 105n, 342, 398, 463, 484n, 507, 513n; plan for imperial railways 10, 114–115, 233, 235–237, 254–255, 261, 308–309, 325, 348–349, 373–374, 404–405, 412–414, 485–487, 492–493

Red Cross 126

Reichstag 8–10, 14, 36–38, 40, 43, 47, 66, 68, 76, 80–82, 89–90, 94–97, 103, 107, 123, 133–134, 138–139, 141–145, 148, 160, 165, 168–169, 172, 182–183, 186, 188, 196, 198–199, 201, 213, 220, 230–232, 236–238, 243, 257–261, 271, 277–278, 280, 284–289, 291, 299, 303–304, 306, 317–318, 325–327, 330, 332, 341–343, 345–346, 360, 369, 372–374, 379, 381, 386–387, 398, 401, 404, 414, 418–420, 433, 436, 441, 444, 457, 459–462, 467, 470–471, 483, 498–500, 512

religion and religious policy (see individual states; Kulturkampf; May Laws; Old Catholic Church; Protestants; Roman Catholics)

republicanism 63, 87n, 139, 160, 347, 379n, 420

Reuß 259n, 348

Reutlingen 304, 424n

revolutionary movements (see also anarchism; Paris Commune) 48–49, 87, 95, 127, 164, 178, 184, 238, 346–347, 350, 356, 524

Rheims 55

Rhine: province (Prussia) 38, 154, 199, 255; river 37n, 222, 252n, 255–255

riots 13, 49–50, 175n, 204–206, 238–239, 403

Roman Catholics/Roman Catholic Church (see also German Catholics, Kulturkampf; May Laws; parties, Zentrumspartei; Holy See; Jesuits; ultramontanes) 12–13, 37–38, 42–43, 47–48, 84, 199, 202–204, 207–209, 212, 282–283, 362–363, 376, 408, 410–411, 415–416, 488–491, 499, 520–521; First Vatican Council/dogma of papal infallibility 12–13, 43, 72–73, 79, 199, 201, 210–211, 282–283, 432–435, 438, 455–456, 473, 490; Verein der deutschen Katholiken 202–203, 212–213

Romania 134n, 147n, 156, 239

Rome (see also Holy See) 38–39, 121, 168, 213n, 362n, 434, 440–447, 453–454, 510, 512–513

Rottenburg 411, 415, 433

Russia (see also army and military affairs; Austria, and Russia; Eastern Question; France, and Russia; League of the Three Emperors; Russo-Turkish War): and German Empire (see also individual German states) 19–21, 32, 54–55, 61, 63, 70, 83–84, 99, 106–108, 113–114, 116–119, 126–128, 131–132, 136–137, 147–152, 161, 171–172, 178, 187–188, 241–245, 281, 310–311, 315–317, 321, 325, 331–332, 349–350, 356, 359, 421, 472–473, 507, 517–518; and Great Britain 18–20, 83–84, 106–108, 111–114, 119–121, 131–133, 137, 163, 244–246n, 317, 324–325, 350, 358; and Ottoman Empire 108, 120–121, 151, 156, 159; emperor (see name index: Alexander II; Alexander III)

Russo-Turkish War (see also Balkan crisis; San Stefano, Treaty of) 20, 108n, 119n, 125–128, 130–135, 163n, 239–246, 331

St Pauli 157, 361, 369n

St Petersburg 44n, 63, 83n, 99n, 110–111, 119, 150–152, 163, 164n, 178, 196n, 245, 416–417, 467n, 502

Samoa bill 160, 357n

Samsun 128

San Stefano, Treaty of 134–137, 147n, 246, 358

Saxony (see also army and military affairs): and Austria 329, 350, 359; and German Empire 11, 85, 114–115, 270–271, 277–281, 284, 288–294, 298, 304–305, 308–309, 311–314, 318–320, 322–323, 329–330, 333–334, 339, 343–344, 348, 360–361, 368–370, 384, 387, 407, 414, 459, 468, 486–487, 516; and Great Britain 309, 334, 376–378; and Poland 355–356; and Prussia 11, 196, 269–271, 280, 284, 286, 289–291, 298, 322–323, 330, 355–356, 367–369; and Russia 21, 349–350; chambers 10, 276–280, 283–284, 308–309, 330, 345, 357, 390–391; diplomatic representation 278, 328–329, 478n; king (see name index: Johann I; Albert); ministry 278–280, 289–290, 314–315, 332; religion and religious policy 282–284, 294–295, 362, 376, 389–390; Schleswig-Holstein 52n, 53, 146; Second Schleswig-Holstein War 57, 60, 87, 310, 431

Schneeberg 287

schools and education (see also universities) 10, 47–48, 144, 208n, 214, 216–217, 224–225, 228, 301, 335–336, 340–341, 353, 374, 380n, 382, 416, 439n, 488n, 493, 506–507, 515

Sedan, Battle of/Sedan day 10, 53, 61, 84–85, 159, 214, 271, 298, 382–383, 385, 474, 517

Seine 359

Serbia 117n, 134n, 147n, 156, 162, 311, 417, 511

Silesia (Prussian provincial state) 38, 95, 384

Slavs/Pan-Slavism 55, 104, 121, 127, 311, 358–359, 507

socialism/socialists (see also International Workingmen's Association; Anti-Socialist Laws; parties) 13–14, 41, 139–141, 199–202, 205–206, 219–220, 238, 247–249, 271–276, 281, 287–288, 303, 305, 310, 320, 325–327, 336–340, 365, 367–368, 386, 403, 414, 499

Sonthofen 463

Sorbs 380

South African Republic 23, 105, 379; First Boer War 366–367

southern Africa 160, 366

southern Germany 38, 81, 100, 197, 199, 207, 212, 215, 223, 229, 239, 277, 287, 297, 299–300, 359, 396, 398, 402, 405, 410, 413–414, 425n, 511–512, 514–518, 520–521, 524

Spain 62–63, 190, 316n, 324n, 443, 522, 524

Städtetag 142–143

Starnberg, Lake 462, 464

strikes 13, 42, 200, 202, 274–276, 281

Stuttgart 2–3, 6–7, 9, 12, 18, 197, 290, 299, 304, 317, 359, 395, 402–403, 407, 415, 424

Suez Canal 22, 110–111, 306–307, 309

Sweden 102, 121, 124

Switzerland 121, 213, 295n, 301, 324n, 336, 367

Syria 121, 135

taxation and imposts 14, 133–134, 143, 158, 182–183, 225–226, 229–230, 257n, 277n, 301, 303–304, 342–345, 365, 373–374, 398, 404–405, 414–415, 418–418, 484n, 493, 503–504, 508

Teheran 63, 65

Tel el-Kebir, Battle of 178, 263, 383, 511

telegraph and telegrams 30–32, 66, 106, 110, 116, 119, 131n–132, 135n, 155, 158, 168, 173, 183, 197, 216, 225, 246, 248–249, 251, 261, 264, 289, 306, 325, 383, 398, 430, 442, 453–454, 476, 516

Tetschen 317

theatres 312–313, 502, 526

Thessaloniki (Salonica) 159

Thuringia 261, 280, 300, 342

Tiber 359

Tiflis 128

Tirnova 251

tobacco monopoly 133n–134, 175, 257n, 259–261, 343–344, 373–374, 381, 508–509, 517

Tonga 129

Toronto 62

trade and commerce (see also banks; customs; industry; free trade; protectionism; currency) 50, 63–64, 86, 93, 98, 107, 122, 129, 149, 160, 200–201, 205–206, 214–215, 219, 225, 241, 247, 254–255, 260–261, 275, 287, 296–299, 301–302, 310, 321–322, 335–336, 341, 349, 351, 353–355, 369–370, 410, 414, 459–460, 499, 504, 508–509, 515–516; commercial treaties 63, 68, 170, 172, 324, 416; trade unions 200, 288, 340–341

Transvaal (see South African Republic)

Trebizond (Trabzon) 128

Trier 255

Trieste 71

Tübingen 304, 408, 424

Tunis 130, 166–168, 172

Turkey (see Ottoman Empire)

Tyrol 525, 527

Ulcinj (Dulcigno) 364

ultramontanes (see also parties: Zentrumspartei; Bayerische Patriotenpartei) 13–14, 58, 72–73, 77, 84, 94, 97–101, 106, 154, 197n, 199, 202–204, 211–214, 219–220, 231–232, 234, 281n, 295, 351, 376, 411, 438–440, 442–443, 447–448, 451, 453–454, 457, 465, 476, 482–484, 486, 491–494, 499, 506–507, 528

United States of America/Americans 53–54, 56, 61–62, 95, 183–184, 293–294, 298, 355, 367, 386n

universities and professors 118, 198, 272, 295, 280, 310, 320, 330–331, 335, 354, 381, 408, 424, 432–434, 455–456, 473–475

Varzin (Warcino) 40, 51, 56, 58n, 60, 66, 102, 107, 109, 133, 150–151, 177n, 194, 303, 333

Vatican (see Holy See)

Venice 102

Versailles (see also German Empire, November Treaties) 7, 29, 30n, 31n, 32n, 34n, 45, 52, 180–181, 197, 269–270, 430, 445; Treaty of (1871) 36n, 52, 197n

Vienna 33–34n, 67–68, 70, 76n, 99n, 110, 123, 146–148, 150, 195, 246, 279, 317n, 328–329, 335, 349n, 352, 359, 397, 417, 447, 458, 467n, 495, 502

‘War-in-Sight’ crisis 17–18, 20, 98–108, 150, 159, 217–219, 221, 233, 410

Warsaw 119n, 356

Washington 62, 335

Weimar 359

Westphalia (Prussian provincial state) 38, 199

Wiesbaden 381

Wittenberg 389

working and lower classes 13, 40–42, 48–50, 199–202, 204–206, 220, 237, 247n, 249, 271–276, 278, 288, 301, 325, 340–341, 365–366, 373, 390–391, 403,500

Worms 253, 257

Württemberg (see also army military affairs): and German Empire (see also German Empire: November Treaties; reserved rights;) 59, 397, 85, 114–115, 215, 260, 279, 348, 396–401, 404–409, 412–414, 416–420, 422–423, 459, 468, 486–487, 515–516; and Prussia 11, 402–403; and Russia 416–417; chambers 396–399, 401, 408, 415–417, 423–424; constitution 415, 423–424; diplomatic representation 397–398, 406–407, 416–417; king (see name index: Karl I); ministry 416–417, 423; religion and religious policy 408–412, 415–416, 434

Würzburg 456

Zollverein (see Customs Union)

Zwickau 271, 287