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‘One ought to be useful where one can’: Committees and Commissions, August 1917 – April 1918

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 October 2009

Extract

If Chamberlain's decision to resign in 1917 was a quixotic gesture of ‘slightly misdirected principle’, it was also wholly consistent with his past conduct and character. As a result, he was undoubtedly gratified by the warm response generated by his instinctive sense of public rectitude when resignation appeared the only honourable course to adopt. Although soon lamenting the loss of ‘inside information’ he also derived initial solace from the prospect of a much needed rest and a real holiday. After two years in office, the strains were clearly beginning to tell upon him. In this respect at least, resignation can rightly be seen as ‘a blessing in disguise’. His withdrawal to recuperate was further assisted by his firm conviction that recently resigned ministers should ‘take themselves off for a time’ or risk becoming either an encumbrance to their successors or a focus for parliamentary intrigue and discontent. The decision was made still easier by the constant air raids on London at this time. In the autumn of 1917, therefore, Chamberlain decided to move the family from Rowfant – Godfrey Locker-Lampson's Elizabethan home near Crawley — first to Barton St. Mary, and then on to Thornhill House near East Grinstead where, for the next three y ears, he indulged his passion for gardening to the full.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1995

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References

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22 Annie Besant (1847–1933) Active feminist, socialist and theosophist. Essentially moderate in the Indian Home Rule Campaign but during the war grew impatient with the Indian National Congress and associated with B.G. Tilak to launch the Home Rule League: an action which led to her arrest by the Madras Government in July 1917. Her 94 days internment made her a martyr. After release became President of Congress but soon out-manoeuvred by Gandhi. Though lost influence during 1920s, continued to produce draft constitutions for a self-governing India.

23 Henry Herbert Asquith (1852–1928) Liberal MP for Fife (East) 1886–1918, Paisley 1920–24. Home Secretary 1892–1895; Chancellor of Exchequer 1905–1908; Prime Minister 1908–16; Secretary for War March–August 1914. Leader of Liberal Party 1908–26. Created K.G. and Earl of Oxford and Asquith 1925.

24 In August 1917 the Montagu Declaration stated the intent of government policy was to provide for the gradual development of ‘responsible government in India as an integral pan of the British Empire’.

25 George Cave (1856–1928) Conservative MP for Kingston (Surrey) 1906–18. Solicitor-General 1915–16; Home Secretary 1916–19; Lord Chancellor 1922–24, 1924–28. Knighted 1915. Created Viscount 1919.

26 Arthur James Balfour (1848–1930) Conservative MP for Hertford 1874–85, Man chester (East) 1885–1906, City of London 1906–22. President Local Government Board 1885–86; Scottish Secretary 1886–87; Chief Secretary for Ireland 1887–91; 1st Lord of Treasury 1891–92, 1895–1905; Prime Minister 1902–5; 1st Lord of Admiralty 1915–16; Foreign Secretary 1916–19; Lord President 1919–22 and 1925–29. Created K.G. 1922 and Earl of Balfour later in same year.

27 (William) Maxwell Aitken (1879–1964) Conservative MP for Ashton-Under-Lyne 1910–16. Chancellor of Duchy of Lancaster and Minister of Propaganda/Information 1918–19; Minister of Aircraft Production 1940–41; Minister of State 1941; Minister of Supply 1941–42; Minister of War Production 1942; Lord Privy Seal 1943–45. Knighted 1911. Created Baronet 1916 and Baron Beaverbrook 1917, Acquired Daily Express 1918Google Scholar and later Evening Standard.

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32 John St Loe Strachey (1860–1927) A Liberal Unionist from 1886 and co-editor of the party's paper. Contributor to Spectator from 1887 and Editor and proprietor 1898–1925. Editor Cornhill Magazine 18961897.Google Scholar

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36 Norman Gwynne Chamberlain (1884–1917) Subaltern in the Grenadier Guards. Killed with all his company on 1 December; confirmed dead on 10 February 1918. The cousin both Chamberlain brothers knew and cared for most.

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41 William Archer Redmond (1886–1932) Nationalist MP for E. Tyrone 1910–18. Resigned and elected for Waterford City 1918–22. Member of Dáil for Waterford City to 1921 and Co. Waterford 1923–32 as an independent to 1926 and then as a member of the National League until 1932 when joined Cumann na nGaedheal.

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47 George Ambrose Lloyd (1879–1941) Conservative MP for Staffordshire (West) 1910–18 and Eastbourne 1924–25. Governor of Bombay 1918–23; High Commissioner for Egypt and The Sudan 1925–29; Colonial Secretary and Leader of the Lords May 1940– February 1941. Created G.C.I.E. 1918, G.C.S.I. 1924 and Baron Lloyd 1925.

48 Field-Marshal Sir William Robert Robertson (1860–1933) Assistant Director Military Operations 1901–07; General Staff, Aldershot 1907–10; Director of Military Training 1913–14; Chief of General Staff, BEF 1915; Chief of Imperial General Staff 1915–18; G.O. C-in-C Eastern Command 1918; C-in-C British Army on the Rhine 1919–20.

49 Edward George Villiers Stanley (1865–1948) Conservative MP for SE Lancashire 1892–1906. Financial Secretary to War Office 1900–03; Postmaster General (in Cabinet) 1903–05; Under-Secretary for War July-December 1916; Secretary for War 1916–18 and 1922–24; Ambassador to Paris 1918–20. Created K.C.V.O. and K.G. in 1919. Succeeded as 17th Earl of Derby in 1908.

50 Herbert Louis Samuel (1870–1963) Liberal MP for Cleveland 1902–18 and Darwen 1929–35. PUS at Home Office 1905–09; Chancellor Duchy of Lancaster 1909–10 and 1915–16; Postmaster General 1910–14 and 1915–16; President of Local Government Board 1914–15; Home Secretary 1916 and 1931–32. High Commissioner for Palestine 1920–25. Created G.B.E. 1920, G.C.B. in 1926 and Viscount Samuel 1937.

51 Field-Marshal Sir Douglas Haig (1861–1928) Chief of Staff India 1909–12; GOC Aldershot 1912–14; commander 1st Army 1914–15; C-in-C Expeditionary Force in France and Flanders 1915–19 and Forces in Great Britain 1919–20.

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57 James William Lowther (1855–1949) Unionist MP for Rutland 1883–1885; Penrith 1886–1921. PUS at Foreign Office 1891–2. Deputy Speaker 1895–1905; Speaker 1905–21. Chairman Conference on Electoral Reform 1916–17; Boundary Commission 1917; Federal Devolution Committee 1919; Review Committee on Political Honours 1923–4; Agricultural Wages Board 1930–40. Created Viscount Ullswater 1921.

58 David Alfred Thomas (1856–1918) Liberal MP for Merthyr Tydfil 1888–1910 and Cardiff 1910. President Local Government Board December 1916–June 1917 and Minister of Food Control 1917–July 1918. Created Baron Rhondda 1916 and Viscount 1918.

59 William Sutherland (1880–1949) Assisted with OAP and National Insurance Acts and Lloyd George's land policy before Great War. Private Secretary to Lloyd George 1915–18. Liberal MP for Argyll, 1918–24. PPS to Lloyd George 1919–20; Junior Lord of Treasury 1920–22; Chancellor of Duchy of Lancaster 1922. Created K.C.B. in 1919.

60 Admiral Sir John Rushworth Jellicoe (1859–1935) Naval career from 1872. Director of Naval Ordnance 1905–7; Controller of the Navy 1908–10; Command Atlantic Fleet 1910–11; 2nd Division Home Fleet 1911–12; 2nd Sea Lord 1912–14; Commander Grand Fleet 1914–16; 1st Sea Lord 1916; chief of Naval Staff 1917. Governor-General, New Zealand 1920–24. Created Earl Jellicoe.

61 William Waldegrave Palmer (1859–1942) Liberal MP for Hampshire (East) 1885–86. In 1886 became a Liberal Unionist and held same seat until 1892. Liberal Unionist MP for Edinburgh (West) 1892–95. Under-Secretary for Colonies 1895–1900; 1st Lord of Admiralty 1900–1905; High Commissioner for South Africa 1905–10; President, Board of Agriculture 1915–16. Succeeded as 2nd Earl of Selborne 1895. Created G.C.M.G. 1905 and K.G. 1909.

62 Frederick Scott Oliver (1864–1934) Businessman and publicist. Author of Federalism and Home Rule (1910)Google Scholar and Ordeal by Battle (1915)Google Scholar. Close relationship with Chamberlain over Irish issue.

63 Horace Curzon Plunkett (1854–1932) Land reformer and promoter of agricultural cooperation. Conservative MP for Dublin County 1892–1900; Vice-President Department of Agriculture for Ireland 1899–1907; Chairman, Irish Convention, 1917–18; Senator Irish Free State 1922–23. Created K.C.V.O. 1903.