²¹⁶ Ellen Wilkinson (1891–1947), Labour MP and later minister of education, 1945–1947.

²¹⁷ Alejandro Lerroux (1864–1949), founder and leader of the Radical Republican Party, and prime minister of Spain on three separate occasions between 1933–1935.

²¹⁸ The door is open.

²¹⁹ Civil guard commander Lisardo Doval Bravo, who had a reputation for being tough on the leftists and was a friend of Franco.

²²⁰ José María Gil-Robles (1898–1980), right-wing conservative and political leader of the Catholic Right during this period.

²²¹ Sir Austen Chamberlain (1863–1937), Conservative MP and minister; foreign secretary, 1924–1929, so not at the time of this visit, but still a senior figure in the House of Commons.

²²² Henry Snell, later Baron Snell (1865–1944), Labour politician and Labour leader in the House of Lords, 1935–1940.

²²³ Lord Robert Cecil, later 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood (1864–1958), politician and diplomat who famously advocated the cause of the League of Nations.

²²⁴ Patricia Koo Tsien (1917–2015); her professional life was spent at the United Nations.

²²⁵ Wellington Koo (1888–1985), represented China at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919; senior diplomat who served in variety of ministerial posts for the Republic of China.

²²⁶ Soong Mei-ling also known as Madam Chiang Kai-Shek (1897–2003), leading political figure as First Lady of the Republic of China, wife of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek and sister-in-law of Dr Sun Yat-sen.

²²⁷ Harold Laski (1893–1950), Professor of Political Science at the London School of Economics; Labour Party official and Fabian.

²²⁸ Victor Gollancz (1893–1967), later Sir Victor Gollancz, prominent publisher and founder of the Left Book Club.

²²⁹ S. Margery Fry (1874–1958), social reform advocate; later secretary of the Howard League for Penal Reform and principal of Somerville College, Oxford.

²³⁰ Roger Fry (1866–1934), painter and art critic.

²³¹ Their action was taken in December 1937 against the liner Duchess of Richmond, which contained Japanese cargo and in January 1938 Middlesbrough dockers refused to load the Japanese steamer Haruna Maru.

²³² Ruth Gollancz, née Lowy (1892–1973), painter and wife of Victor Gollancz.

²³³ Sir Percival David, 2nd baronet (1892–1964), financier and collector of Chinese art.

²³⁴ George Eumorphopolos (1863–1939), financier and collector of Eastern art.

²³⁵ Arthur Clegg (1914–1994), national organiser of the China Campaign Committee, 1937–1949.

²³⁶ Chiang Kai-Shek (1887–1975), political and military leader of the Republic of China; left the mainland for Taiwan after 1949.

²³⁷ Joseph Needham (1900–1995), biochemist, sinologist and writer.

²³⁸ Barbara Ayrton-Gould (1886–1950), suffragist and later Labour MP.

²³⁹ Frederick Montague, later Baron Amwell (1876–1966), Labour MP and peer.

²⁴⁰ Rev. George Woods (1886–1951), Labour Co-operative MP.

²⁴¹ Emile Vandervelde (1866–1938), Belgian Labour politician; held several ministries in the interwar years.

²⁴² Diego Martinez Barrio (1883–1962), president of the Cortes, 1936–1939.

²⁴³ Juan Negrín (1892–1956), Socialist Workers Party politician; last prime minister of Spain, 1937–1939, before the Franco regime took over.

²⁴⁴ Julio Álvarez del Vayo (1891–1975), academic, journalist and Socialist Workers Party politician; foreign minister twice during the Second Spanish Republic.

²⁴⁵ Indalecio Prieto (1883–1962), Socialist Workers Party politician; served in various roles during the Second Spanish Republic.

²⁴⁶ José Giral (1879–1962), republican left politician; prime minister, 1936.

²⁴⁷ Dolores Ibárruri known as ‘La Pasionaria’ (1895–1989), prominent Communist Party politician.

²⁴⁸ More commonly known as the Republican Union.

²⁴⁹ Manuel Azaña (1880–1940), president of the Republic, 1936–1939.

²⁵⁰ Francisco Franco (1892–1975), nationalist general and later military dictator and head of state, 1939–1975.

²⁵¹ The then currency of Spain.

²⁵² A bloody civil war battle in 1937–1938.

²⁵³ Roughly translated as ‘the struggle for peace, liberty, and the human race’.

²⁵⁴ Manuel Portela Valladares (1867–1952), Liberal Party politician and prime minister, 1935–1936.

²⁵⁵ 219 bc; sparked the Second Punic War.

²⁵⁶ Juan Hernández Saravia (1880–1962), republican general.

²⁵⁷ Adolf Hitler (1889–1945), chancellor, then Führer (dictator) of Germany, 1933–1945.

²⁵⁸ Benito Mussolini (1883–1945), prime minister and duce (dictator) of Italy, 1922–1943.

²⁵⁹ José Miaja (1878–1958), army officer and minister during the Second Republic.

²⁶⁰ Pablo de Azcárate (1890–1971), Spanish diplomat; ambassador to London till 1939, when Britain recognised the Franco government.

²⁶¹ Katharine Stewart-Murray, Duchess of Atholl (1874–1960), Scottish Unionist MP; her support of Republican Spain earned the nickname the ‘Red Duchess’.

²⁶² Isabel Brown (1894–1984), founding member and lifelong supporter of the Communist Party of Great Britain.

²⁶³ Hugh Dalton (1887–1962), later Baron Dalton, Labour MP; minister of Economic Warfare, 1940–1942 and chancellor of the exchequer, 1945–1947.

²⁶⁴ Winston S. Churchill (1874–1965), later Sir Winston Churchill, Conservative and Liberal MP; later Conservative leader; prime minister, 1940–1945 and 1951–1955. Churchill was on the backbenches at this time.

²⁶⁵ Neville Chamberlain (1869–1940), Conservative MP and leader; prime minister, 1937–1940.

²⁶⁶ Halifax visited the Nazi president of the Reichstag, Hermann Göring, for a hunt in November 1937.

²⁶⁷ Maxim Litvinov (1876–1951), Soviet minister of foreign affairs, 1930–1939.

²⁶⁸ Sir William Strang (1893–1978), later 1st Baron Strang; diplomat and later permanent under-secretary at the Foreign Office, 1949–1953.

²⁶⁹ Joseph Stalin (1878–1953), dictator and general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 1922–1952.

²⁷⁰ Joachim von Ribbentrop (1893–1946), German ambassador to London, 1936–1938, and Nazi foreign minister, 1938–1945.

²⁷¹ Extract from letter to Lord Snell dated 22 July 1939.

²⁷² Roberts, Andrew, Holy Fox: The Life of Lord Halifax (London: 1991)Google Scholar.