¹ William Gladstone (1809–98), Cons. MP for Newark, 1832, 1835, 1837, 1841–5; Peelite MP for Oxford University, 1847–65; lib. MP for S. Lancashire, 1865–8, for Greenwich, 1868–80, for Midlothian, 1880–95; Lib. ch. exch., 1852–5, 1859–66, 1873–4, 1880–2; pr. min., 1868–74, 1880–5, 1886, 1892–4.

² George Frederick Samuel Robinson (1827–1909), 3rd Earl deGrey, 1859; 1st Marquess of Ripon, 1871; war sec, 1863–6; Indian sec, 1866; ld. pres. counc., 1868–73; Indian viceroy, 1880–4; 1st ld. adm., 1886; col. sec., 1892–5.

³ George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon (1800–70), pres. b. of t., 1846–7; ld. It. of Ireland, 1847–52; for. sec., 1853–8, 1865–6, 1868–70.

⁴ John Poyntz Spencer (1835–1910), styled Viscount Althorp, 1847–57, when he suc. as 5th Earl Spencer, Lib. MP for Northamptonshire, 1857; ld. It. Ireland, 1868–74, 1882–5; ld. pres. counc., 1880–3, 1886; 1st ld. adm., 1892–5; suc. Kimberley as lib. leader in the Lords, 1902–5; suc. Kimberley as lib. leader in the Lords, 1902–5.

⁵ Spencer Compton Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington (1857–70), Lib. MP for N. Lancashire, 1857–68, for Radnor Boroughs, 1869–80, for Lancashire N.E., 1880–5, for Lancashire N.E., Rossendale, 1885; Lib. U. MP for Rossendale, 1886–91, when he succ. as 8th Duke of Devonshire; u.-sec war, 1863–6; war sec, 1866, 1882–5; Post. genl., 1868–71; ch. sec. Ireland, 1871–4; Indian sec, 1880–2; ld. pres. counc. 1895–1903.

⁶ On Kimberley's background and early political career see Liberal by Principle, 7–24.Google Scholar

⁷ Kimberley to Spencer Childers, 20 July 1900, KP1 15/K2/21.

⁸ 2nd Earl of Kimberley to Spencer, 20 October 1902, SP K372; cf. Lyall, A., Life of the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava (London, 1905)Google Scholar. Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava (1826–1902), had been a contemporary of Kimberley at both Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, gov.-gen. Canada, 1872–8; amb. to St Petersburg, 1879–81; to Constantinople, 1881–4; Indian Viceroy, 1884–8; amb. to Rome, 1889–91; to Paris, 1891–6.

⁹ Rosebery to 2nd Earl of Kimberley, 26 October 1906 RP 10120 fols. 33–4. Archibald Philip Primrose (1847–1929), styled Lord Dalmeny, 1851–68, when he suc. as 5th Earl of Rosebery; u.-sec. home office, 1881–3; ld. privy seal and 1st comm. works, 1885; for. sec., 1886, 1892–4; pr. min., 1894–5.

¹⁰ Drus, Ethel, ‘A Journal of Events during the Gladstone Ministry 1868–1874 by John, First Earl of Kimberley’, Canden. Miscellany, 3rd ser., XXI, 1–49.Google Scholar

¹¹ On the sale see Powell, J., ‘Kimberley's Diamonds’, History Today, 03 1992, 3.Google Scholar

¹² See, for instance, Kimberley's preparation of ‘notes’ as well as official despatches and letters while in St Petersburg. Wodehouse to Clarendon, 5 September 1856, KP3 46692, f. 82; also 2 Jan. 1858, KP3 46694, f. 43. The inability of some to produce records also caused problems. See Henry Fitzroy to Wodehouse, 3 Dec. 1853, KP6 MS c.3996, f. 142; also, his record and analysis of Russian finances in O'Brien, E. P. (ed.) Correspondence of Lord Overstone (3 vols., Cambridge, 1971), II, 750–3.Google Scholar

¹³ Free Lance, 19 04 1902Google Scholar, c.4484, f. 141.

¹⁴ 29 April 1871; Gladstone Diaries, VII: 488Google Scholar. Gladstone himself pondered the value of his obsession. See, for instance, the end of vol. VI.

¹⁵ Liberal by Principle, 10–11, 12.Google Scholar

¹⁶ See KP1 15/K2/7, 12.

¹⁷ See 15 July 1874, 9 June 1885, 28 June 1885, 18 Aug. 1898.

¹⁸ Lord John Russell (1792–1878), cr. 1st Earl Russell, 1861; pr. min. 1846–52, 1865–6; for. sec., 1852–3. 1859–65.

¹⁹ JE, vii.Google Scholar

²⁰ JE, 1.Google Scholar

²¹ The latter phrase is not present in the Kimberley Journal. Cf. JE, 44.Google Scholar

²² See 8 May 1869, 24 Oct. 1869, 14 Dec. 1869, 2 March 1870, 30 June 1870, 13 June 1871, 5 Aug. 1871, 20 April 1872, 25 June 1872, 9 Jan. 1873, 24 May 1873, 6 Sept. 1873.

²³ See 29. May 1870, 30 Sept. 1870, 2 Nov. 1870, 27 April 1871, 31 Oct. 1871, 20 April 1872, 26 July 1873. Tantalising clues to the excised material remain. On 8 February 1869, for instance, Kimberley recounted long Cabinet discussions on the Irish Church bill, where no ‘violent difference of opinion arise’, reported almost verbatim in the ‘Journal of Events’. In Kimberley's original journal entry, he continued that Lowe had complained at the end of the Monday Cabinet, ‘in a very bitter tone that we had …’. Not only does Kimberley not tell us in the ‘Journal of Events’ what Lowe's complaint was, he excises some twelve lines from his Journal so that we may never know.

²⁴ DNB 23:698.Google Scholar

²⁵ Cf. entries, for instance, on the Irish, 24 March and 1 April 1866; also see his omission in the ‘Journal of Events’ of Malmesbury in his list of 25 June 1872.

²⁶ See 8 Feb. 1869, 20 July 1869, 21 Sept. 1869, 29 May 1870, 14 Feb. 1871, 29 April 1871, 26 July 1873.

²⁷ See 20 July 1869, 10 July 1873.

²⁸ Granville George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville (1815–91), for. sec, 1851–2, 1870–4, 1880–5; ld. pres. coun., 1852–4, 1859–66; amb. ext. to Russia, 1856; col. sec., 1868–70, 1886.

²⁹ See 19 June 1869, 7 July 1869, 1 June 1872, 6 Feb. 1873.

³⁰ Cf. ‘Journal of Events’ with Journal entries for 4 Feb. 1869, 8 Feb. 1869, 19 April 1869, 21 Sept. 1869, 29june 1870, 16 Feb. 1874. Robert Lowe (1811–92), educ. Winchester, Univ. College, Oxford; practised law and politics in Australia, 1842–50; returned to London, 1850 as leader-writer for The Times; Lib. MP for Kidderminster, 1852–9, for Calne, 1859–67, for London U., 1868–80, when cr. Viscount Sherbrooke; v.p. bd. of trade and paymst.-genl. 1855–8; v.p. com. of council on educ, 1859–64; chanc. exch., 1868–73; home sec, 1873–4.

³¹ Liberal by Principle, 41, 139Google Scholar. On the general political distancing from Lowe, see Shannon, R., Gladstone and the Bulgarian Agitation, 1876 (2nd edn, Hassocks, 1975), 118.Google Scholar

³² See Kimberley Memoir, 499.

³³ William Harcourt (1827–1904), barrister; Lib. MP for Oxford, 1868–80, for Derby, 1880–95, for Monmouthshire, 1895–1904; sol.-geni., 1873–4; home sec., 1880–5; ch. exch., 1886, 1892–5; Lib. leader in the Commons, 1894–8.

³⁴ Governing Passion, 370.Google Scholar

³⁵ See 28, 29 June 1869.

³⁶ Joseph Chamberlain (1836–1914), industrialist who became mayor of Birmingham, 1873–5; Lib. MP for Birmingham, 1876–85, for W. Birmingham 1885–1914; lib. Unionist from 1886; pres. of bd. of trade, 1880–5; Pres. l.gt. bd., 1886; col. sec., 1895–1903.

³⁷ John Stuart Mill (1806–73), philosophical radical famous for his System of Logic, 1843Google Scholar; Principles of Political Economy, 1848Google Scholar, On Liberty, 1859Google Scholar, and Utilitarianism, 1863Google Scholar, among others; Lib. MP for Westminster, 1865–8.

³⁸ Henry Thomas Buckle (1821–62), self-trained scholar, best known for his History of Civilisation in England (2 vols., 1857, 1861)Google Scholar. On the two months which Buckle and Wodehouse spent together, see Huth, Alfred Henry, The Life and Writings of Henry Thomas Buckle (2 vols., London, 1880), I 30–1.Google Scholar

³⁹ Adam Smith (1723–90) Scottish economist; laid foundation of political economy with publication of the Wealth of Nations, 1776.Google Scholar

⁴⁰ James Mill (1773–1836), Scottish philosopher and economist, father of John Stuart Mill.

⁴¹ John Ramsey McCulloch (1789–1864), Scottish economist.

⁴² Edmund Burke (1729–97) British politician and writer.

⁴³ Sir William Molesworth (1810–55), Rad. MP for Southwark, 1845–55; com. works, 1853–5; col. sec., 1855.

⁴⁴ George Grote (1794–1871), Rad. MP for city of London, 1832–41; active in reform agitation; retired to devote himself to history; pub. History of Greece (8 vols., 1846–1856)Google Scholar.

⁴⁵ John Bowring (1792–1872), consular agent; lib. MP for Clyde burghs, 1835–7, for Bolton, 1841–8; gov. of Hong Kong, 1854; lit. exec, of Jeremy Bentham's works.

⁴⁶ John Bright (1811–89), Lib. MP for Durham, 1843–7, for Manchester 1847–57, for Birmingham, 1857–85; pres. bd. of trade, 1868–70; Chanc. Duchy of Lanc, 1873, 1880–2; opposed Home Rule for Ireland.

⁴⁷ Joseph Hume (1777–1855), Rad. MP for Montrose, 1842–55; staunch advocate of retrenchment.

⁴⁸ Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (1784–1865), for. sec, 1846–51; home sec, 1852–5; pr. min., 1855–8, 1859–65.

⁴⁹ Charles Wentworth Dilke (1834–1911), author and Rad. MP for Chelsea, 1868–86; u-sec. at for. office, 1880–2; pres. loc. govt. bd., 1882–5; public career ruined by being named co-respondent in Crawford divorce case.

⁵⁰ John Morley (1838–1923), ed. of Fortnightly Review, 1867–1892Google Scholar, of Pall Mall Gazette, 1880–1883Google Scholar; Lib. MP for Newcastle-upon-Tyne 1883–95, for Montrose burghs, 1895–1908; ch. sec. Ireland, 1886, 1892–5; wrote biographies of Burke (1867), Voltaire (1872), Rousseau (1876), Diderot (1878), Cobden (1881), Cromwell (1900) and Gladstone (1903).

⁵¹ Edward George Geoffrey Smith Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (1799–1869), leader of the Conservatives; pr. min., 1852, 1858–9, 1866–8.

⁵² Sir Robert Peel (1822–95), Lib.-Cons. MP for Tamworth, 1850–80, for Huntingdon, 1884–5, for Blackburn, 1885–6; ch. sec. Ireland, 1861–5; eld. son of the prime minister. On the general contempt for Peel's abilities, see DD1, 201.

⁵³ See 14 May 1866. Chichester Samuel Fortescue (1823–98), lib. MP for Louth, 1847–74, when created Baron Carlingford; u.-sec. col., 1857–8, 1859–65; ch. sec. Ireland, 1865–6, 1868–71; pres. bd. of trade, 1871–4; ld. privy seal, 1881–5; ld. pres. counc, 1883–5.

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⁵⁶ Grosvenor Hodgkinson (1818–81), Lib. MP for Newark-upon-Trent, 1859–74, moved his amendment on 17 May. It abolished compunding (whereby, landlords paid the rates for their tenants, thereby disfranchising them). This made household suffrage in the borough constituencies a reality and removed the legal obstacle to small tenants seeking the vote. 3 Hansard 187 (17 05 1867)Google Scholar; 720–6; Smith, , The Making of the Second Reform Bill, 196–202Google Scholar; Cowling, , 1867: Disraeli, Gladstone and Revolution, 267–86.Google Scholar

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⁵⁸ Hugh MacCalmont Cairns (1819–85), Cons. MP for Belfast, 1852–66; ld. chanc., 1868, 1874–80; cr. Baron Cairns of Garmoyle, Antrim, 1867, Viscount Garmoyle and Earl Cairns (UK peerage), 1878.

⁵⁹ George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll (1823–1900), ld. privy seal, 1853–5, 1859–60, 1860–6, 1880–1; post.-genl., 1855–8, 1860; India sec., 1868–74; opposed Home Rule, 1886, 1893.

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⁶⁴ William Edward Forster (1818–86), Lib. MP for Bradford, 1851–86.

⁶⁵ Charles Stewart Parnell (1846–91), Home Rule MP for Co. Meath, 1875–80, for Cork, 1880–90; leader of the Irish Nationalists.

⁶⁶ Frederick Charles Cavendish (1836–91), younger brother of Lord Hartington.

⁶⁷ Hugh Culling Eardley Childers (1827–96), lib. MP for Pontefract, 1860–85, for S. Edinburgh, 1886–92; 1st ld. adm., 1868–71; chanc. duchy of Lanc., 1872–3; war sec., 1880–2; chanc. exch., 1882–5; home sec., 1886.

⁶⁸ Henry Howard Molyneux Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon (1831–90), u.-sec. for col., 1858–9; col. sec., 1866–7, 1874–8; ld. It. of Ireland, 1885–6.

⁶⁹ Charles George Gordon (1835–85), gov.-gen. Sudan 1877–80.

⁷⁰ Liberal by Principle, 130.Google Scholar

⁷¹ DD3, 59.Google Scholar

⁷² Liberal by Principle, 186Google Scholar; also Kimberley to Grant Duff, 12 March 1886, copy, MS. eng. c. 4223, f. 23; Kimberley to Grant Duff, 18 June 1886, GDP 1, 40.

⁷³ Liberal by Principle, 183–5, 198–9, 205–6.Google Scholar

⁷⁴ Journal, 26 Jan. 1887, 9 Feb. 1891; see also Liberal by Principle, 188, 194, 196.Google Scholar

⁷⁵ Liberal by Principle, 40.Google Scholar

⁷⁶ Henry Campbell-Bannerman (1836–1908), Lib. MP for Stirling burghs, 1868–1908; ch. sec. Ireland, 1884–5; war sec., 1886, 1892–5; Lib. leader in the Commons, 1897; pr. min., 1905–8.

⁷⁷ George John Shaw-Lefevre (1831–1928), Lib. MP for Reading, 1863–85, for Bradford, 1886–95; suc. as Baron Eversley, 1906; post.-genl., 1884–5; 1st comm. works, 1892–4; pres. loc. govt. bd., 1894–5.

⁷⁸ Liberal by Principle, 2.Google Scholar