acatry 31

Adolphus XI, count of Schaumburg 279

Ailesbury and Elgin, Anne, dowager countess of (née Lady Anne Cecil) 81

Ailesbury, Robert Bruce, 2nd earl of Elgin and 1st earl of 81

Ailesbury sale (1687) 81–82

Alabaster, William 276

Albert, Archduke 37, 72, 143, 189, 209, 235, 238, 250

Aldobrandini, Cardinal Pietro 135

Allen, Cardinal William 114–116, 192

Alvey, Henry 41–42

Amurath III, sultan 175

Anna of Austria, archduchess and queen of Poland 174

Anne of Denmark, queen of Scotland 272

Anton, George 254

archdukes, the, see Albert and Isabella

Armstrong, William (‘Kinmount Willie’) 233n, 275n

Aston, Roger 55–56, 192

Auchinross, John 98

Ayscough family 138

Azores expedition (1597) 245, 246, 252, 254, 257, 274–275

Bacon, Anthony 56, 193, 237–238, 276

Bacon, Francis 45

Bagenal, Mabel 96

Bagenal, Samuel 292

Bagenal, Sir Henry, lord president of Munster 69, 96, 99

Baines, Roland 114–115

Baker, Thomas 76–79, 299

Bancroft, Richard, bishop of London 42, 44, 45

Barnekow, Christian 272

Baro, Peter 42, 78n, 79n

Barton, Edward 16–17, 19, 175, 178–179

Bassadonna, Giovanni 121, 167

Báthory, Cardinal Andrew 174

Báthory, Sigismund, voivode of Transylvania 174

Beale, Sir Robert 14, 17, 27, 28, 281

Beaufort, Lady Margaret 41

Beauvoir la Nocle, Pregent de la Fin, lord of, vidame of Chartres 88, 92, 134, 147, 151

Becher, Sir William, 67n, 121n, 254

Bede, the Venerable 75n, 78

Bellevue, John 176

Bellott, Thomas 105–106

Bernard, Edward 75–77, 297

Berwick-upon-Tweed 24, 25, 34, 39, 50, 57, 68, 91n, 116–117, 166, 212–213, 243n, 246, 248, 271, 276n, 284n, 286n

Beverly, George 97, 149, 285, 288

Billingsley, Sir Henry 107–108, 145, 251

Bingham, Sir Richard 63, 168, 199

Black (Cadell), James 199

Blount, Sir Michael 131

Bodley, Sir Thomas 19, 59, 60, 144, 156–157, 163, 165, 171, 178, 185

Boon, Peter 195

Boulogne 5, 34, 36, 48, 88, 90, 176, 228

Bowes, Sir Robert 15, 19, 21, 46–47, 49, 51, 54, 56, 90, 97, 98, 102, 126, 152, 166, 180, 192–193, 198, 246, 277

Bowes, Sir William 286–287

Bowyer, Sir Robert 117

Brancas, André de, sieur de Villar (Leaguer governor of Dieppe) 132

Bremen 280

Brest 111, 127–129, 144, 174, 224

Briac 90

Brittany 19, 38, 61, 67, 90, 105, 110, 112, 121, 129, 135, 146, 147, 151, 172, 192, 199, 203

Bromley, Sir Thomas 212

Brooke, Henry, 11th Baron Cobham 95, 172

Brooke, William, 10th Baron Cobham 6, 36, 39, 44, 88, 89, 90, 95, 204, 275

Brounker (Bronker), Henry 95

Brunswick 279

Burghley House (Strand), later Exeter House 7–8, 12–13, 20, 81–84

Burghley House, Stamford Baron (now in Lincolnshire) 82–84

Burghley, Lord, see Cecil

Butler, Thomas, 10th earl of Ormonde 176

Cadiz (1596) 8, 26, 218, 228, 232, 247, 250, 256

Caen 105–106

Caesar, Sir Julius 280n

Calais 5–6, 30–31, 33, 34, 55, 59, 60, 63, 89n, 188, 197, 199, 209n, 223, 225, 228, 232, 235, 239n, 247n, 252n

Calvinism 42

Cambridge University, manuscripts 21, 73–78

Campagnol 89, 176

Campbell, Archibald, 7th earl of Argyll 52–53, 98, 143

Campbell, Dioness, dean of Limerick 52–53

Carew, Sir Francis 231

Carew, Sir George, master of the Ordnance 18, 38, 71, 120, 125, 131, 136, 151, 280

Carew, Peter 38

Carey, George, 2nd Baron Hunsdon 248n

Carey, Henry, 1st Baron Hunsdon 49, 51, 91n, 116, 117, 153, 161, 248n, 265n, 267, 276, 287

Carey, Sir John, 3rd Baron Hunsdon 91n, 161, 192, 248n

Carey, Sir Robert 276n, 284

Carlisle 25, 57, 233; castle 139n, 324, 275n; Treaty of (1597) 286

Carmarthen, Richard, officer of the London Customs and merchant 107–108, 145, 161–162, 252–254

Carmichael, Sir Hugh 180

Caron, Sir Noel de 59, 72n, 105n, 151n, 164–165, 185, 238

Cave, Sir Edmund 269; Cecil and 40

Cecil, Lady Anne, later countess of Ailesbury and Elgin 81

Cecil, Lady Elizabeth 8, 95

Cecil, John (alias Snowden, spy) 44, 46, 56, 237

Cecil, John, 5th earl of Exeter 82–84

Cecil, Mildred, Lady Burghley 6–8

Cecil, Sir Robert, later 1st earl of Salisbury: and Burghley:

audiences of the Queen proposing or relating business from Burghley 3–4, 90, 98, 102, 113, 116–117, 119, 122, 123, 131, 135–136, 144, 146, 151, 153, 155, 157–158, 160, 162, 164, 170, 171, 185, 186, 188, 190, 194, 195, 196, 198, 203, 206, 208, 209, 211, 213, 216, 218, 219, 220, 229–230, 230, 232–233, 233, 236, 240, 242, 247, 249–250, 253, 255, 256, 262, 265, 271, 276, 285–287, 287–288, 290

Burghley, close working relationship with 3–29;

to give Burghley's counsel on the Irish rebellion to the Queen and Council 61–71, 96–98, 99, 120, 135–136, 147–148, 151, 157–158, 169, 186, 198–199, 206, 206–207, 214–215, 226–227, 236, 242, 269–270, 271, 274, 285;

forwarding his father's instructions on domestic military supply and fortifications 106, 116–117, 161, 166–167, 173, 211–212, 243, 271, 291–292

Burghley's ideas of governance, training in 33–35

Burghley's failing health requires assistance from 8, 100, 108, 164, 181, 200, 203, 215, 221, 223, 227, 260, 283, 287–288

Burghley's control of intelligence to (1596) 17–18, 27, 28

Burghley shares intelligence with 88–90, 100–101, 111–112, 114–116, 117 (trial of Dr Lopez), 119, 126–127, 129–129, 143–144, 152, 156–157, 164–165, 172, 176, 178–180, 185, 187, 188–189, 190, 191–193, 196, 199, 204, 209, 223, 226–227, 232, 236–237, 244–245, 246, 249, 259, 266–267, 276

shared intimacy with his father and the Queen 3–4, 9–10, 203, 262–3

papers joined with Burghley's 17–19, 22–23

follows Burghley's directions on patronage 40–45; carries out Burghley's patronage 91, 102, 103–104, 107–108, 121–122, 129, 130, 131, 141, 167–168, 200–201, 212, 219, 230, 231, 268, 289, 290–291;

Burghley requires Privy Council deliberation 88, 124, 138, 162, 190, 196–197, 213, 220–221, 234–235, 276, 285, 291–292;

receives secretarial instructions from Burghley 17–19, 133, 144, 166–167, 170, 182, 210–211, 211–212, 215–216, 234–235, 243

correspondence 264–265, 282; achieves control of correspondence, Scottish 45–49; drafts correspondence with Queen and Council 17; foreign correspondence: oversees packets of letters to be sent 105n, 142, 147–148; retains official minutes of correspondence 17

domestic intimacy of Theobalds, 1591–1594 10; residence in Burghley House, Strand 12–13

and earl of Essex, wariness of 71–72

and Sir Geoffrey Fenton, alliance with 62–63

foreign military expenditures, requested to discuss with the Queen and Council 20, 25–26, 88–90, 105, 120–121, 121–122, 124, 127, 132, 134–135, 146, 151, 157–158, 164–165, 184, 190, 200–201, 206–207, 224–225, 226–227, 227–228, 231–232, 238–239, 242, 246, 250, 253, 256, 264–265, 266, 274, 275–276, 282, 287–288

managing as liaison between Queen and Council 3–4

marriage to Elizabeth Brooke 8

secretariat 20–22; assumes secretaryship and control of seals 26; oath of a Secretary 9; control of the Signet seal 14–15, 16; training for the secretaryship 1–9

physical weakness 3

relationship with the Queen 3–4, 10

relief of France, preparations for 34–35

Cecil, Sir Thomas, 1st earl of Exeter 8, 9, 12, 83–84, 105n, 134n

Cecil, William, 1st Baron Burghley:

and Cambridge University: St John's College 194–195

and Sir Robert Cecil: dynastic ambitions for Sir Robert 1–3; training of Sir Robert in the secretaryship 3–9; drafts of foreign correspondence required of 88–90, 93, 109–113, 122, 124, 132, 139, 163, 171, 174–175, 185, 220–221; letters to, in which intelligence forwarded and discussed 88–90, 100–101, 111–112, 114–116, 117 (trial of Dr Lopez), 119, 126–127, 129–129, 143–144, 152, 156–157, 164–165, 172, 176, 178–180, 185, 187, 188–9, 190, 191–193, 196, 199, 204, 209, 223, 226–227, 232, 236–237, 244–245, 246, 249, 259, 266–267, 276

on the Church 94, 118–19, 122, 137, 152–3

master of Court of Wards and Liveries 92, 95–6

and earl of Essex: care for 257–258, 261, 263; opposition to 11, 26–27, 31, 32, 45, 56, 58, 60, 63, 64, 65, 67, 71–72, 146, 284

and equity in court of Exchequer 208

family of 158–159, 177, 269; widower 6–8; last will and testament 93

and financial matters of accounts 145, 147–148, 247, 248, 264–265

and genealogies of Scottish families 49

health of 100, 108, 164, 181, 200, 203, 215, 221, 223, 227, 260, 283, 287–288; diet 284

and Henry IV, opinion of 59–60, 70–71, 134–135, 188–189, 209, 229, 259

and Irish rebellion 96–98, 99, 120, 135–136, 147–148, 151, 157–158, 169, 186, 198–199, 206, 206–207, 214–215, 226–227, 236, 242, 269–270, 271, 274, 285

and judicial causes 138, 148–149, 133, 162, 170, 232–234, 241, 251, 286–287

and military supply, domestic 106, 116–117, 161, 166–167, 173, 211–212, 243, 271, 291–292

and military supply, foreign 88–90, 105, 120–121, 121–122, 124, 127, 132, 134–135, 146, 151, 157–158, 164–165, 184, 190, 200–201, 206–207, 224–225, 226–227, 227–228, 231–232, 238–239, 242, 246, 250, 253, 256, 264–265, 266, 274, 275–276, 282, 287–288

and patronage 91, 102, 103–104, 107–108, 121–122, 129, 130, 131, 141, 167–168, 200–201, 212, 219, 230, 231, 268, 289, 290–291

and merchants and traders in military supply 107–108, 121–122, 178–179, 181, 205, 252, 255, 272–273, 278, 279, 280–281, 288

and the Queen: cultivation of 10; intelligence, Queen's attitudes towards and use of 48–50; relationship with 3–11; writes of the Queen 113, 121–122, 122–123, 125–126, 140, 150, 177, 203, 218, 229, 240, 262, 292–293

secretarial instructions from 133, 144, 166–167, 170, 182, 210–211, 211–212, 215–216, 234–235, 243, 264–265, 282

on the States General 35, 38, 40, 59–60, 70–71, 72, 184, 156, 185, 239, 253

and supply for the Borders 285, 286

and violence of military men 183

Cecil, William, 2nd earl of Exeter 182

Cecil, William, Lord Ros 124, 182

Charles of Lorraine, duke of Aumale 110

Charles of Lorraine, duke of Mayenne 185

Chatte, Aymar de 89

Cheke, Mary 161

Cheke, Sir John 8

Chester 18, 31, 35, 65, 97, 103–104, 169, 173, 226, 286, 288, 292

Chester, bishopric of 243

Chester, vice–chamberlain of the county palatine 102

Chiswell, Richard (printer) 80–81, 84

Christian I, prince of Anhalt–Bernberg 20

Christian II, duke of Lower Saxony 280

Christian IV, king of Denmark 273, 280

Cicero, Marcus Tullius 8, 32, 38, 40, 48, 258

Clapham, John (secretary) 7, 12, 14, 164, 252, 257, 262, 272, 277, 278, 290

Clara Isabella Eugenia infanta of Spain, rights as duchess of Brittany to English crown 54

Clayton, Richard 41

Clement VIII, Pope 55, 174

Clifford, George, 3rd earl of Cumberland 269

Clifford, Lady Margaret, countess of Cumberland (née Lady Margaret Russell) 114n, 269n

Clifford, Sir Conyers 228

Clifford, Sir Nicholas 173

Clinton, Edward Fiennes, 1st earl of Lincoln 138

Clinton, Edward, 2nd earl of Lincoln 138, 179, 222, 236, 279

Cobham, see Brooke

Cockburn, Samuel 180

Cockburn, Sir Robert 126

Coke, Sir Edward 108, 153

Collins, Arthur 74, 76n, 308

Colville, John, of Easter Wemyss 128

Connor Roe Maguire, see Maguire

Constable, Sir Robert 24, 91

Conyers, John 219

Conyers, Tristram 241

Cope, Sir Walter 12,

Coppin, George, Chancery official 12, 14, 23, 170, 212

Cornaro, Marco 205

Cornwallis, Sir William 41, 194

Council of the North 38, 210, 238

Coventry, Thomas 289

Crane, John 116–117

Creswell, Joseph, SJ 46, 114

Croft, Sir Herbert 154

Cure, Cornelius 230

Danvers, Lady 155

Danvers, Sir Charles 154–155

Danvers, Sir John 155

Danyell, William 118

Danzig 174

Darcy family 244

Darcy, Edward 160, 244, 262

D'Arques, Thomas 100

Darrell (Dorrell), Marmaduke 261, 264, 266

Dawson, Miles 237–238

Day, William, bishop of Winchester 139

Daybell, James 3

Dee, John 273

Denny, Sir Edward 153

Desmond Rebellion 69

Devereux, see Essex

Deventer 100

Dieppe 89, 90, 105, 132

Docwra, Sir Henry 97

Douai 114

Douglas family 48–49

Douglas, Archibald 180

Douglas, James, laird of Spott 180

Douglas, William, 10th earl of Angus 98

Dover Castle 88, 163

Dover, mayor of, James Baggervas 235

Drury, Sir Dru 131

Duart Castle, Mull 52

Dublin 52, 62, 68, 97, 120, 151, 226, 288, 292

Dudley, Anne, countess of Warwick 95, 130

Dudley, Robert, 1st earl of Leicester 26, 44, 68, 95, 265

Dymoke family 138

Dzialynski, Paul 272, 280–281

Edinburgh 198, 272; castle 126n

Edmondes, Sir Thomas 19, 134, 146, 171, 195–196

Edward VI, king of England 29

Egerton, Sir Thomas, lord keeper of the great seal 26, 66, 103, 153, 212, 264, 265, 278

Elbing 174

Elizabeth I, queen of England: audiences of the Queen proposing or relating to business from Burghley 3–4, 90, 98, 102, 113, 116–117, 119, 122, 123, 131, 135–6, 144, 146, 151, 153, 155, 157–8, 160, 162, 164, 170, 171, 185, 186, 188, 190, 194, 195, 196, 198, 203, 206, 208, 209, 211, 213, 216, 218, 219, 220, 229–30, 230, 232–3, 233, 236, 240, 242, 247, 249–50, 253, 255, 256, 262, 265, 271, 276, 285–7, 287–8, 290; care for aging Burghley 7; anxieties over Ireland 68–72; jokes with Burghley 203, 262–3; mentioned most frequently in Burghley's letters to Sir Robert Cecil 4–5; ‘Parente’ to Burghley and Cecil 10–11; patronage, balance of 40–45; secret plots, disavows 46–57; prerogative 42–4; presentation of her letters by Cecil to Henry IV 4; relationship with the Cecils 3–11; Theobalds circle, brought into 10

Épernon, Jean Louis, duke of 36, 89n, 135n, 176

Ernest, Archduke 164, 167

Errington, Nicholas 117

Essex, Sir Robert Devereux, 2nd earl of 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35, 36, 37, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 66, 90, 105, 112, 124, 166, 173, 178, 180, 182, 185, 187, 188, 196, 198–200, 205, 209, 212, 220, 222, 223, 225, 228, 238, 245, 252, 255, 256, 257–261, 266, 269; conflict with Sir John Norris 200, 207, 227; Essex House circle 10, 42, 44, 45, 115, 186, 275; expeditions: Azores (1597) 245, 246, 252, 254, 257, 274–275; Cadiz (1596) 8, 26, 218, 228, 232, 247, 250, 256; Rouen (1592) 45; intelligence network in opposition to the Cecils 11, 115; associated with military disorder 183, 274; policies against Spain 38–39, 71–72;

Étaples 89

Eton College 42–43

Eure, Ralph, 3rd Baron Eure 51, 57, 243–244, 268

Eusebius 81

Exchequer, the 11, 12, 14, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 34, 35, 39, 66, 68, 71, 95, 98, 107, 111–112, 120, 154–155, 208, 214, 247, 264, 282, 286, 290; expenditure merges with secretarial office 27, 34; foreign accounts 23, 219; fortifications 25, 26, 33–34, 35, 38, 39, 125, 181, 190, 198, 200, 228, 284, 286; Irish 68–69, 70–71, 213, 219, 270, 288; Pipe Rolls 20; prests 24, 69; Queen's works 219; victuals 261, 265, 288; war 24, 59, 66–67, 187, 219, 250, 262, 270, 288

Exeter House (Strand) 12–13, 83–84; see also Burghley House (Strand)

Fane, Sir Thomas, lieutenant of Dover Castle 89, 163

Fanshawe, Thomas 107, 154–155

Faunt, Nicholas 14

Farnese, Alessandro, duke of Parma 36

Fenner, Geoffrey 88

Fenton, Sir Geoffrey 52–53, 62–63, 214, 226, 292

Ferrers, Thomas 220–221

Finch, Daniel, 2nd earl of Nottingham 83

Finglas, Thomas 199

Fitton (Fytton), Alice (nee Holcroft) 269

Fitton (Fytton), Sir Edward 8, 269

Fitzwilliam, Sir William, lord deputy of Ireland 15, 99, 109, 120, 125

Fleetwood, William 130

Fleetwood, Sir William, of Missenden 130

Fleming, Sir Thomas 289

Flood, Sir Thomas 228

Flushing 26, 60, 113, 117, 151, 157, 183, 187, 218, 236, 239, 250, 253

Fontaine, Robert le Maçon, dit de la 222n, 275n

Forster, Sir John 139, 161

Fortescue, Sir John 14, 25, 66, 95, 180, 202, 253

France: Burghley's book on 18, 112–113; Cecil's embassy, 1598 4, 67, 72; Cecil's treatises on 33, 36–37; embassies 11, 19, 20–21, 133, 188, 209; English forces 58, 61, 89, 109, 111, 228, 250, 275; forces in France 6, 59, 70, 71, 89, 90, 127, 176, 199, 209, 228; intelligence 20, 30, 36, 39, 89, 173, 176, 188, 223, 224–225, 250; military aid from England 2, 11, 20, 24, 55, 213; peace initiatives with Spain 30, 54–55, 89, 134–135, 156, 180, 209, 259, 275; royal correspondence 20–21

Franklin, Capt. 122

Frederick IV, elector palatine 279

Frederick-William, duke of Upper Saxony 280

Freeman, Ralphe 252

Freeman, William 252

Frobisher, Sir Martin 129

Gardener, Sir Robert 69, 214

Gerenier (agent in France) 92n

Gertruidenberg 89

Gilpin, George 114–115, 143, 151, 163–164, 171, 181, 185, 235

Glamis Castle 49

Glanville, John 289

Godolphin, Sir Francis 161, 173, 199, 212

Gonzaga, Louis, duke of Nevers 185

Gordon, George, 1st marquess of Huntly 48–49, 50, 98, 152, 180

Gorges, Sir Ferdinando 169, 274

Goring, George, son of Sir Georgr 162

Goring, Sir George 162

Gorme, of Sleat 42

Grahams, reiver family 233–234

Gravenor, Thomas 149

Greencloth, Board of 31n, 265n

Greenwich Palace 62

Gresham, Sir Thomas 87

Greville, Fulke, 1st Baron Brooke of Beauchamps Court 261

Grey, Zachary 76, 77

Grimani, Marino, 89th doge of Venice 205

Groningen 127

Guston, Francis 23, 219–220

Habsburg family 175, 178, 179

Hacket, William 118

Hamburg 192n, 193n, 194n, 221n, 279n

Hamilton family 49

Hanseatic League 35, 78, 179, 193–194, 221, 272, 279–281

Harborne, William 17

Harlay, Nicolas de, sieur de Sancy 228

Harrington, Sir Henry 186

Harrington, Sir John 236

Hatton, Sir Christopher 1–2, 42, 44–45

Hawkins, Sir John 121

Hay, Francis, 9th earl of Errol 48, 49, 50, 98n, 180n

Hebrides 46, 49, 50, 51, 52, 56

Hele, Sir John, as above 167, 289

Heneage, Sir Thomas 24, 161, 189

Henry IV, king of France and Navarre 4, 18, 21, 29, 36–37, 55, 59–60, 67, 71, 110, 113, 132, 134–135, 146, 165, 176, 179, 188, 204, 209, 235, 238, 239, 275, 281

Henry, duke of Brunswick–Luneburg 174, 280

Henry-Julius, duke of Brunswick 280

Hepburn, Francis, 5th earl of Bothwell 15, 47–50, 55, 90–91, 98, 120, 127–128, 139, 152, 179–180, 193

Herbert, Henry, 2nd earl of Pembroke 39, 173, 181

Herbert, John 70, 134

Hesketh, Richard 100, 114–116

Hickes, Sir Michael (patronage secretary) 8, 12, 22, 24, 80–81, 102, 105, 107, 133, 218. 253, 264, 266, 270, 272, 277

Hickes, Sir William, 2nd baronet 81

Hoby, Elizabeth 260

Hoby, Sir Edward 7, 12, 260

Hoffman, Andreas 221

Holt, William, SJ 114–115

Home family 49

Houghton, Alderman Peter 241

Household accounts 31, 285

Houston, Col. 157

Howard, Catherine (née Carey) 263

Howard, Lord Admiral, Charles, baron of Effingham, earl of Nottingham 64, 66, 90, 111, 128, 218, 220, 223, 225, 228, 235, 261, 264

Howland, Richard, bishop of Peterborough 137

Hudson, James 175

Huguenots 18, 38, 113

Hungary 144

Hunsdon, 1st Baron, see Carey, Henry,

Hunsdon, 2nd Baron, see Carey, George

Huntingdon, earl of 15, 57, 137, 148, 183, 210

Hutton, Matthew, archbishop of York 44 51, 56, 57, 137, 153, 216, 237–238, 287

Hvitfeldt, Arvid 272

Inverary 52

Isabella, Archduke 72

Ireland 2, 10, 15, 16, 19, 24, 26, 28, 30, 34, 35, 37, 38, 49, 51–57, 58–73, 95, 97–8, 101, 120, 125, 136, 147, 149, 151, 158, 166, 172–173, 186, 191–193, 199, 214, 225–226, 236–237, 238, 242–243, 247–248, 270, 274, 278, 282–283, 287–288, 292; Irish Council 97n, 135n, 169n, 206n, 215n, 242n, 288n

James VI, king of Scotland 7, 25

Jaques, Lieut. 157

Jean VI d'Aumont 109n, 112n, 151n

Jean Louis, see Épernon

Jegon, John, bishop of Norwich 78n–79

John, duke of Pomerania 279

Jolles, James 285–286, 288

Killigrew family 160, 244

Killigrew, William, groom of the Chamber 244

Killigrew, Sir William 161, 169, 230–231, 245

Kingsmill, William 289

Kirk, the (Church of Scotland) 30, 47, 49, 98, 180

Kyffin, Maurice 70, 274

La Fère 185

Lake, Thomas, clerk of the Signet 183

Lamb, Gilbert 198

Lane, Sir Ralph 70, 97, 104, 274

Le Grenier (secretary to the duke of Parma, 1588) 36

Lea [Lee], Capt. Thomas 64, 135, 186

Lee, Sir Henry 186

Leicester, George 255

Leicestershire 269

Leigh, Henry 287

Leighton, Sir Thomas 15, 21, 121, 228

Lesieur, Stephen 280

Levant Company 16

Leyva, Lanco de 199

Limerick 52–53

Linch, Mark 199

Lindley, Henry 259

Lisman (Liesman), George 272, 280–281

Lock (Locke, Lok), Henry 48, 51, 90, 152

Loe, Sheriff 241

Lomenie, Antoine de 55

London Customs House 21, 95–96, 105, 108, 145, 162

Long, Henry 154–155, 157

Lopez, Rodrigo 11, 28, 114, 117–118, 124–125, 167

Lord Admiral Howard, see Howard

Lorraine, Charles of, duke of Aumale 110

Lorraine, Charles of, duke of Mayenne 185

Lorraine, Philippe-Emanuel de, see Mercoeur

Louis V, landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt 221, 279

Lovelace, Mr., messenger of the Chamber 132

Low Countries, United Provinces of: English forces in 16, 24, 55, 60, 66, 67, 122, 130, 132, 143, 185, 197, 214, 218, 222, 232, 248, 253–254; Council of State 59, 61, 114, 243, 144, 185; States General of, Treaty agreements with England 34, 55, 58, 60, 67, 122, 163, 169, 185, 245, 248, 250, 253

Lowther, Richard 233, 287

Luineach, Turlough 96

Luxembourg, Charles of 36, 88n, 89n

Luxembourg, Marie of 109n

Lyme 111

Mac Aodh Ui Broin, Fiach, or Fiach MacHugh O'Byrne, see McHugh

Macguire, see Maguire

Machell, Thomas, Capt. 200–201

McHugh, Feagh 53, 169, 236

MacLean, Sir Lachlan Mor of Duart 50, 52–53, 98

Madox, Gryffyn 183

Magdalene College, Cambridge 41

Maguire, Conor Roe 69, 109n, 99n, 120n

Maitland, John, 1st lord Maitland of Thirlestane 152, 180

Manners, Roger, 5th earl of Rutland 182, 194

Mansfeld, Count Peter Ernst von 89n, 271n

Margitts, George 95, 108

Marie of Luxembourg 109n

Martin, Revd Robert 82–84

Martin, Sir Richard 241

Marwood, contractor 167

Mary I, queen of England 29, 37

Mary, Queen of Scots 161n

Matthew, Tobie, bishop of Durham 44, 51, 57, 139, 153, 216, 268

Maynard, Henry 8, 12–14, 18, 20, 66, 85–86 (as amanuensis); as amanuensis, 88–91, 93, 100–101, 106, 114–117, 118–119, 120–122, 123–124, 138, 139, 143–144, 146–147, 147–148, 148–149, 149–150, 160–161, 170, 172, 174, 177, 178–181, 182–183, 187–188, 191–193, 200–201, 202, 210–211, 211–212, 215–216, 219, 222, 223, 230–231, 231–232, 232–233, 233–234, 237–239, 242–243, 243–244, 246, 251, 254, 264–265, 273–275, 277, 279, 280–281, 282, 285–287, 287–288, 291–292

Medici, Cardinal Alessandro de’ 259

Mehmed III, Sultan 175

Merchant Adventurers 55, 78n, 174, 178n, 220n, 221n, 272n, 279

Mercoeur, Philippe-Emanuel de Lorraine, duke of 61, 109

Meredith, William 25, 66–67, 254

Meyrick, Sir John 178

Milford Haven 39, 125, 181, 190, 198, 200

Moldavia 144

Molyneux, Thomas 95

Montpensier duke of 89–90, 112, 132

Montpensier, duke of 15, 89–90, 112, 132

Monsieur de St Marie 105

Moody, Michael 157

Moore, John, bishop of Ely and Norwich, library of 75–85, 296

Moro, Cristoforo, Portuguese pretender 209

Mouett, (agent in France) 93

Moulay Ahmed IV, of Barbary 174

Mull 52

Munck, Levinus 22

Munster 65, 69, 108, 109, 207

Muscovy Company 178

Musgrave, Sir Simon 184

Musters 16, 35, 66, 68, 97, 116, 183, 247, 278, 284–287

Mylar, Edward, see Fitton, Sir Edward

Nassau, Count Maurice of 15

Nassau, Count William of 15, 144, 172

Naunton, Robert 256, 275

Neufville, Nicholas de, lord of Villeroy 55, 134, 223

Nevyl de Latimer, Dorothy, countess of Exeter 154

Nevyl de Latimer, Sir Edmund 204

Newcastle upon Tyne 25, 57, 166n

Newcommen, Robert 288

Nicolson, George 175

Noel, Henry 91

Norreys (Norris), Sir Thomas 65, 69, 107, 109

Norris, Sir Edward 164, 172, 246

Norris, Sir John 15, 18, 19, 35, 58–59, 68, 69, 96–97, 105, 106, 109, 114, 121–122, 134, 147, 151, 158, 164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 171, 173, 199, 200, 207, 214, 216, 227

North, Roger, 2nd Lord North 66, 281, 285, 286

Ó Néill, Aodh Mór, or Hugh O'Neill, earl of Tyrone 18, 52, 55, 69–71, 96–97, 100, 120, 136, 147, 149, 168, 176, 196, 199, 203, 215, 226, 236, 271, 292

O'Byrnes, Irish family 169, 186, 236

Ó Domhnaill, or, O'Donnell, Sir Niall Garbh 18n, 59, 63, 67, 69, 97n

O'Malley, Grainne (Grace) 267

O'Toole family 186

Ordnance office 34, 39, 105, 131

Osborne, Peter 154

Ostend 36, 129, 164–165, 213, 238, 246

Outlawe, Richard 148

Owen, Francis 157

Owen, George 181

Owen, Hugh 114–115

Oxford University, New College 43

Palavicino, Sir Horatio 106, 165

Palmer, Sir Henry 223–224

Pantry, 31

Paris, 3, 18

Parkins, Christopher (later Sir) 16–17, 19, 144, 174–175, 179, 193, 201, 279–281

Peck, Francis 74, 76n, 79, 299

Pempole, (Paimpol) 90, 109–113, 122, 127, 228

Percival, Richard 21–22, 104, 218, 240, 246, 248, 249, 250, 251, 253, 255, 256, 258, 260, 261, 263, 266, 267, 268, 276, 284

Percy, Henry, 9th earl of Northumberland 99

Perez, Antonio 4, 209, 256, 275

Periam, Sir William 66, 250

Persons, Robert 46, 53, 55, 56, 57, 114n, 192–193

Peyton, Sir Christopher 213

Phayre, William 78, 87

Philip II, king of Spain 47, 59, 67, 72, 114, 167, 198, 199, 203, 209

Philippe-Emanuel de Lorraine, see Mercoeur

physicians, the Queen's 6–7

Picardy 89, 185, 228, 262, 275

Piers, John, archbishop of York 137

Plymouth 39, 71, 111, 167, 169, 232, 264, 266, 274

Poland (Poland-Lithuania) 12, 16, 17, 55, 144, 174, 178–179, 280–281

Pontrieux 64, 109, 121

Poole 111

Popham, Sir John 153

Presence Chamber 226

principal secretary in Irish Council, see Fenton, Sir Geoffrey

Principal Secretary, office of: emolument 27, 36; intelligence 6, 11, 13, 17–18, 21, 25, 27–29, 38–39, 44, 46–57, 61, 56, 88, 89–90, 98,100–101, 105, 108, 114–116, 120, 124–125, 126–127, 132, 139, 143, 151, 152, 154, 169, 172–173, 176, 179–80, 189, 198–199, 204–205, 221, 226, 237, 245–246, 267; letters patent 26; signet seal 13–16, 20, 22, 23, 25–26, 93, 105, 144, 151, 161, 173, 176, 182, 216, 220, 243; Sir Robert Cecil obtains 235; Sir Robert Cecil's preparation for 12–29

Privy Chamber 4, 19, 25, 31, 33, 57, 161, 189, 190, 212, 226, 231, 263

Privy Council, Burghley's management of materials relating to 1–3, 10, 15, 19, 22, 23–25, 27–28, 30, 32, 45, 52, 57, 58, 61–62, 66, 69, 71, 88, 90, 91, 100, 108, 109, 112, 114, 115, 116, 128, 132, 135, 138, 139, 146, 149, 166, 172, 175, 181, 185, 189, 193, 201, 202, 204, 223, 226, 233, 234, 238, 241, 248, 251, 253, 265, 268, 275, 276, 278, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 292

Privy Seals, warrants for Exchequer expenditure 20, 22, 25, 26, 59, 68, 111, 149, 152–153, 167, 173, 228, 243, 244, 250, 254, 263, 264, 270, 282–283; Burghley's instructions on signing warrants 24; for levies of troops 88, 225, 247; loans under Privy Seal for France 111, 185, 213, 244; loans under Privy Seal for the Low Countries 156, 165, 185, 189, 248–249; for victualling 108, 121, 285, 292; warrants for the Low Countries, 59, 129, 250, 253; warrants for money for Ireland 61, 66–67, 68–69, 97, 98, 120, 149, 166, 213, 214, 242, 270, 285, see also Sir Henry Wallop; warrants under Privy Seal for the provisioning of the Channel Islands 173

Proby, Peter 18, 20, 31, 39, 65, 226

Psalms 5, 8, 11, 203, 259, 260

Puckering, Sir John 15, 16, 93, 114, 153, 169, 190

Quarles, Edward 254

Quarles, John 108, 121, 253–235, 260, 265, 274, 278

Raleigh, Sir Walter 66, 188, 261

Reagh, Kedagh MacPhelim 186

Reims 114

Reynolds, Edward 259

Richardot, Jean Gusset dit 36

Rieux, René, sieur de Sourdeac 15

Rome. No. 15 (fn 69, 70, 72, 74), No. 34 (Fn 133), No. 65 (Fn 245), No. 101 (fn 142), No. 116 (fn 372)

Rouen 18, 20, 132; expedition (1592) 21, 45

Rouillac, Mme de, Governess of Boulogne 36, 89, 92

Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor 167, 174, 179, 204, 279

Russell, Lady Elizabeth 227

Russell, Sir William 19, 53, 55, 56, 61–65, 69, 95, 97–98, 120, 125, 135–136, 143, 147, 158, 166, 168, 186, 199–200, 203, 206–207, 215, 226–227, 236, 242, 244, 284

Russia 179–180

Sackville, Thomas, 1st Baron Buckhurst 66, 128, 163, 204, 241, 271

St Catharine's College, Cambridge 82

St John's College, Cambridge 4, 41–42, 43, 45, 76, 194–195

St Malo 132

Saldaigne, Charles de, sieur d'Incarville 176, 185

Saltonstall, Sir Richard 252

Sandars, Nicholas 235

Sanderson, Henry 166

Savage, Sir Arthur 262, 275

Savage, Sir John 34, 114

Savile, Sir Henry 42–43

Savile, Sir John 289

Scilly Islands 64, 173, 212

Scotland 11, 13, 15, 16, 18–19, 23, 28, 30, 37–38, 39, 44, 46–57, 115, 126–127, 143, 152, 156, 179–180, 191–192, 198, 200, 221, 233, 237, 286

Scott family 49

Scott, Walter, of Buccleuch 233, 276, 287

Scrope, Henry, 10th lord Scrope of Bolton 57, 139, 233, 234, 243–244, 246, 251, 275, 276

Scrope, Philadelphia, Lady, (Carey) 51, 277

Semphill/Semple, Sir James 102

Sherley, Sir Thomas (the elder) 24, 66–67, 68, 90, 122n, 129n, 229n, 250n, 253n–254n

Sidney, Sir Robert 11, 18, 19, 25, 55, 60, 113, 117, 132, 187–189, 228, 239, 253–254, 266–267

Sigismund IV Vasa, king of Poland 174

Simanchi, Michel 205

Skinner, Vincent, auditor of prests 66, 208

Slovenia 55

Smaithwaite, Revd 268

Smith, Sir Thomas 108

Smyth, Otywell 132, 176, 185

Snowden, John (spy), see Cecil, John

Somerset, George 157

Sotherton, George 241

Sourdeac, Rieux, René, sieur de 15

Southampton 39, 111, 182

Southwell, Elizabeth 263

Southwell, Frances 263

Spain 30, 36, 38, 46–47, 52, 53, 54 (53–54 and the Conference on the Succession) 55, 57, 59, 72, 90, 98, 114, 120, 146, 164, 172, 174, 176, 188, 189, 192–193, 196, 223, 237, 246, 259, 266, 267, 271, 275; armadas 196, 198, 200, 217, 225, 244, 247; Franco-Spanish peace 36, 60, 67, 71, 72, 178, 185, 250, 271, 275, 281; imperial politics and 174, 189, 221; intelligence 114–115, 120, 172, 199; Irish rebellion and 52–57, 58–61, 67, 101, 120; Scottish policy and 46–47, 49, 98, 157, 198, 299; Spanish Netherlands and the Low Countries 37, 59, 89, 100, 143, 238; royal court 88

Spain, king of 96n, 157n, 192, 245n; see also Philip II

Spanish Blanks 47, 49

Speciamo, Cardinal Cesare 174

Spott, James Douglas, laird of 180

Stade 220, 279, 280

Stallenge, William 264, 274

Standen, Anthony 115

Stanhope, Edward 47n

Stanhope family 19, 244

Stanhope, Sir John 19, 25, 47n, 57, 161, 212, 238, 263, 265, 272

Stanley, Alice, countess dowager, widow of 5th earl of Derby 158

Stanley, Elizabeth, countess of 6th earl of Derby (Vere) 8, 142, 159, 176, 269

Stanley family 54, 100, 192

Stanley, Ferdinando, 5th earl of Derby 28, 103, 114, 116, 172

Stanley, Henry, 4th earl of Derby 103

Stanley, William, 6th earl of Derby 8, 103; marriage 142; 150, 158, 172, 269

Stanley, Sir William 100

Stapleton, Thomas, SJ 46, 114

Star Chamber 170

Stewart, James, earl of Moray 98, 156

Strype, John 76–85, 87, 114n, 115n, 237n, 296, 299

Stuart, Henry, Lord Darnley 48

Stuart, Ludovic, 2nd duke of Lennox 50, 98, 152

Swinnerton, John 107

Symons, James 132

Tacitus 48

Tenison, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury 83

Theobalds 8, 9, 11, 20; 10, 13, 24, 105, 113, 257, 260, 262, 263, 266, 286

Thornborough, John, bishop of Limerick 52–53, 143

Thornton, Captain George 53, 98

Tour d'Auvergne, Henry de la, duke of Bouillon 110

Trinity College, Cambridge 74–75

Troughton, Capt. 37

Troughton, John 111, 121

Turkey Company 16

Tyrconnell 97

Tyrell, Anthony 100

Tyrwhitt, Tristram 182

Udall, William 52

Union of Brest 174

Unton, Sir Henry 11, 19, 20–21, 180, 195–196, 208–209, 222

Uvedale, Sir Edmund (Uvdall, Udall) 59, 157, 187

Vere family 7

Vere, Sir Francis 144, 159, 177, 225, 239, 253, 269

Vernon, Robert 166

Verstegan, Richard 46, 53, 114–115

Vidausan (Widessan), sieur de 223

Villar, André de Brancas, sieur de (Leaguer governor of Dieppe) 132

Visconti, Gaspare, cardinal archbishop of Milan 178

Vladyslaus IV Vasa, king of Poland 174

Waad, William, clerk of the Privy Council 114, 201, 204, 265

Wallachia 144

Wallop, Sir Henry 24, 66–67, 69–71, 95, 97, 108, 120, 148–149, 214, 242, 247, 267, 283, 288

Walsingham, Frances, countess of Essex 141

Walsingham, Sir Francis 1, 14, 17, 26, 27–28, 45, 115, 139, 244

Walton, Roger 88–89

Warburton, Sir Peter 79, 102, 103–104, 289

Waynman, Edmund, Capt. 172, 204

Webb, Sir William 241

Wellor, Alexander 241

Welsh, Sir Hugh 267

West, James 80n, 81n, 295

Westminster 6, 13, 19, 28, 40, 85

Westminster Abbey 6

Whitgift, John, archbishop of Canterbury 41, 42, 44, 194

Wickham, William, bishop of Lincoln 152–153

Wight, Isle of 39, 243

Wilford, Sir Thomas 170, 212–213

Wilkes, Sir Thomas 134, 167–168

Williamson, Nicholas 169, 238

Willis, Simon 20–22, 58, 70, passim

Willoughby d'Eresby, Lord 138

Wilson, Sir Thomas 90

Winchester College 43

Winchester, diocese of 152–153, 231n

Windebanke, Thomas 29, 124, 220, 243–244

Wogan, Sir John 106

Wolley, Sir John, secretary of the French tongue 16, 21, 90, 175, 179

Wotton, Sir Henry 56, 279

Wright, Thomas (c.1561–1623) 56, 193n, 237, 276

Wright, Thomas 74, 299

Wroth, John 221, 279, 280

Wyat, spy 209

Yelverton, Sir Christopher 154, 289

Yonge, Edward, master mason 230

Yonge, Richard, council servant and Middlesex JP 100, 145

York, Edmund, spy 11

Zamoyski, John Sarius, chancellor of Poland-Lithuania 174

Zouche, Edward, 11th Lord Zouche 15, 47, 49, 50–52, 119, 280