No CrossRef data available.
We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.
We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 September 2011
Garrison warfare was a far more characteristic action of the civil wars than set-piece battles, with more soldiers employed in garrisons than in the field armies. Yet historians have neglected these garrison histories because they appear less dramatic and more mundane than battlefield engagements. This is partly due, as Ian Atherton has recently pointed out in his study of royalist Lichfield, to few garrison accounts having survived, with even fewer in print. Therefore the voluminous accounts for the major garrisons of Hull and Beverley held in The National Archives deliver a rare insight into garrison life. A garrison was planted at Hull in 1639 as the town was the key arsenal for equipping and supplying the royal army during the Bishops' Wars. What became the civil war garrison was established on 23 January 1642, when John Hotham marched several companies of the East Riding trained bands from his father's trained band regiment into Hull. Five days later, he was able to supplement them with companies of Hull's own militia.
1 Atherton, I., ‘Royalist finances in the English civil war: the case of Lichfield garrison, 1643–1645’, Midland History, 33 (2008), pp. 44–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar; idem, ‘The accounts of the royalist garrison of Lichfield Close, 1643–1645’, Staffordshire Studies, 18 (2007), p. 64.
2 Fletcher, A.J., The Outbreak of the English Civil War (London, 1981), p. 314Google Scholar; Ryder, I.E., ‘The seizure of Hull and its magazine, January 1642’, YAJ, 61 (1989), pp. 139–148Google Scholar.
3 ‘The account of Sir John Hotham as governor of the town of Hull, 1643’: TNA, SP 28/138/4. There is further material in SP 28/6/48–49; SP 28/6/371–372; SP 28/6/379–380; SP 28/6/423–424; SP 28/6/440–441; SP 28/7/160; SP 28/7/168; SP 28/7/228; SP 28/7/251; SP 28/7/478; and SP 28/7/525.
4 TNA, SP 28/252/9.
5 CJ, II, p. 729.
6 Armstrong, R., ‘The Long Parliament goes to war: the Irish campaigns, 1641–3’, Historical Research, 80 (2007), p. 93Google Scholar.
7 Cope, J., England and the 1641 Irish Rebellion (Woodbridge, 2009), p. 150Google Scholar.
8 TNA, SP 28/143/23.
9 By the spring of 1643 these garrisons included not only Beverley and Hull but also Scorborough House and Cawood and Wressle castles.
10 TNA, SP 28/202/129–132.
11 TNA, SP 28/6/473–474.
12 HHC: Hotham MS, U DDHO/1/35.
13 TNA, SP 28/250/311, SP 28/298/222, 232, 366, 848.
14 CSPD 1645–1647, pp. 401–403, 423–424.
15 Binns, J., Yorkshire in the Civil Wars: origins, impact and outcome (Pickering, N. Yorks, 2004), p. 156Google Scholar.
16 TNA, SP 28/189.
17 ERRO, BC II 7/4/1, fo. 73r.
18 TNA, SP 28/189.
19 TNA, SP 16/497/93, SP 24/50, SP 28/138/3, SP 28/189.
20 TNA, SP 28/138/4.
21 Christopher Legard of Anlaby had been one of Sir John Hotham's captains in his East Riding trained band regiment. His house was plundered by the royalists during the first siege of Hull in July 1642. Francis Bacon served as his lieutenant: Legard, J.D., The Legards of Anlaby and Ganton (London, 1926), pp. 27Google Scholar, 45, 84–86; TNA, E121/4/8, no. 29; BL, Add. MS 28,082, fo. 80v.
22 William Goodricke of Skidby had been one of Sir John Hotham's captains in his East Riding trained band regiment. In early November 1642 he was promoted to sergeant-major. After the arrest of the Hothams, he or more likely his son served as captain of horse in Lord Fairfax's regiment: TNA, E121/4/8, no. 37; BL, Add. MS 28,082, fo. 80v; Goodricke, C.A., History of the Goodricke Family (London, 1885), p. 44Google Scholar.
23 This was most probably one of the sons of Thomas Appleyard of Burstwick Garth and East Halton, who became a professional soldier on the continent. He may have been the Christopher Appleyard who was a captain in Sir Matthew Boynton's trained band regiment in Holderness. His brother Sir Matthew Appleyard became a royalist colonel: BL, Add. MS 28,082, fo. 80v.
24 Lowinger was a Dutch officer who commanded a company of foot in Beverley and Hull, and a troop of horse that accompanied Captain John Hotham into Lincolnshire in April 1643. He was arrested under suspicion of involvement in the Hothams’ conspiracy, but was released and later served as major in Lord Willoughby of Parham's regiment of horse in Lincolnshire: BL, Sloane MS 1,519, fo. 121; TNA, E121/5/7, no. 10; TNA, SP 28/300/441; HHC: C BRS/7/81; CJ, III, pp. 158, 192; LJ, VI, pp. 412–416; BL, TT E124(14), Speciall passages, 18–25 October 1642 (London, 1642), p. 96.
25 John Gifford was a professional soldier from Darlington who had been given an important command in the Bishops' Wars. He served in the Hull garrison before being appointed sergeant-major general to Lord Fairfax's army in the West Riding. He fought at Adwalton Moor but was arrested for treachery in October 1643. He was to have stood trial alongside the Hothams but was exonerated in 1646 and subsequently served in Ireland as captain of Cromwell's lifeguard. For a discussion of his career, see Hopper, A., ‘Black Tom’: Sir Thomas Fairfax and the English revolution (Manchester, 2007), pp. 229, 236Google Scholar.
26 Thomas Coatesworth later gave evidence against Sir John Hotham after his arrest: Tickell, J., History of the Town and County of Kingston-upon-Hull (Hull, 1798), pp. 465–466Google Scholar.
27 This included £1-04-00 for thirty-six-odd men for one day. William Fugill was Lowinger's lieutenant: TNA, E121/5/5, no. 28.
28 John Anlaby of Etton was brother-in-law to Sir John Hotham and son-in-law to Sir Matthew Boynton. In 1647 he succeeded the latter as recruiter MP for Scarborough. He was named a commissioner for the trial of Charles I but did not attend: Dugdale, W., The Visitation of the County of Yorke, Surtees Society, 36 (1859), p. 334Google Scholar; Bean, W.W., The Parliamentary Representation of the Six Northern Counties of England (Hull, 1890), pp. 680, 1045Google Scholar; Greaves and Zaller, I, p. 17; Nuttall, W.L.F., ‘The Yorkshire commissioners appointed for the trial of King Charles the first’, YAJ, 43 (1971), p. 152Google Scholar.
29 This total is later given as £380-11-06 in the summary of disbursements at the end.
30 Wedges used for raising and lowering artillery pieces: OED, III, p. 455.
31 This was Robert Overton of Easington, or possibly his father, John Overton, although the latter was captured and imprisoned by the royalists. Robert Overton became a colonel in the New Model Army and was deputy governor of Hull under Sir Thomas Fairfax from 1648: Taft, B., ‘Robert Overton (1608/9–1678/9)’, ODNB; Greaves and Zaller, II, p. 281Google Scholar; TNA, E121/5/5, no. 39; E121/5/7, no. 29; Wildridge, T. Tindall (ed.), The Hull Letters: documents from the Hull Records, 1625–1646 (Hull, 1886), pp. 53, 155, 158–159Google Scholar.
32 These were flat-bottomed vessels used to load more seaworthy ships in estuaries and docks in eastern England between the River Tyne and Norfolk: OED, VIII, p. 367.
33 These soldiers sound like bodyguards. They remained with Sir John Hotham until his flight from Hull on 29 June 1643. One tract reporting Sir John's capture reflected that they were clothed in ‘the same Red Coates which the Earle of Strafford made for his Life-guard’: BL, TT E59(2), A true relation of the discovery of a most desperate and dangerous plot, for the delivering up, and surprising of the townes of Hull and Beverley, 4 July 1643 (London, 1643), p. 5.
34 Stamford was the parliamentarian lord lieutenant of Leicestershire sent to Hull to confer with Sir John Hotham in April 1642: A. Hopper, ‘Henry Grey, first earl of Stamford (c.1599–1673)’, ODNB.
35 A boom was a strong chain or line of timber pieces bound together, stretched across the mouth of the harbour to hinder navigation: OED, II, p. 399.
36 Sir John was showcasing his military knowledge by this reference to the famous siege of Ostend in 1602–1604, where English soldiers participated in a determined but ultimately unsuccessful defence of the town from the Spanish.
37 This included £2-15-00 for odd men and ‘the man that kept the boom’.
38 Fowkes was lieutenant to Captain Lowinger. In May 1642 Fowkes's father-in-law, Thomas Beckwith, met Fowkes at Beverley and offered him £500 in cash and £500 per annum to betray Hull to the King. Fowkes returned to Hull and revealed the plot, and Sir John Hotham ordered him to go along with it. Fowkes was instructed to let the royalists in at the North Gate, and Lowinger to hand over the main guards. The day before this was planned to happen, to avoid bloodshed Hotham wrote to the King, smugly remarking ‘he might spare himself the trouble of carrying on the contrivance’. For further details see Saltmarshe, P., History and Chartulary of the Hothams of Scorborough in the East Riding of Yorkshire, 1100–1700 (York, 1914), p. 124Google Scholar.
39 This included £1-15-08 ‘for work done about the garrison’.
40 This included £2-00-06 for coals.
41 This included £2-04-04 for odd men.
42 This included £1-15-00 for coals.
43 This included £2-11-00 for odd men.
44 This included £0-02-06 for turves, £0-04-08 for the boatmen, and £0-03-00 for ‘the man that keeps the boom’.
45 A plancher was a floor or platform of planks or boards: OED, XI, p. 960.
46 This was a strongly built vessel, usually with two masts, and of 100–250 tons burden: OED, II, p. 973.
47 This included £0-07-08 ‘to the boom keeper and the boatman’.
48 This included £2-00-00 for an odd man.
49 This included £0-13-06 for messengers to Paul in Holderness, and £1-17-04 for odd men.
50 Robert Billops of Beverley later commanded a foot company in Lord Fairfax's regiment and was granted the estates of William Langdale, a sequestered recusant: TNA, SP 23/99/299–319; TNA, E121/5/7, no. 26; College of Arms, Curia Militaris 2/147 and 11/9.
51 This was a small, light, seaworthy boat, adapted for rowing and sailing, and often attached to a ship and used for purposes of communication and transport: OED, XV, p. 601.
52 This included £0-02-06 for the ‘boom keeper’ and £3-16-08 for odd men.
53 From this week, Captain Appleyard was paid £6-06-00, the same as Major Jefford and Lieutenant-Colonel Legard.
54 This included £2-02-00 for 9 odd men.
55 John Alured of Sculcoates was MP for Hedon in the Long Parliament and had been a captain in Sir Matthew Boynton's trained band regiment in Holderness. He was also a noted religious radical and later a regicide. He left London for Hull on 20 May 1642, where he fell out with the Hothams the same year, supporting the Fairfax family (who commissioned Alured as a colonel) against them: BL, Add. MS 28,082, fo. 80v; Cliffe, J.T., The Yorkshire Gentry from the Reformation to the Civil War (London, 1969), pp. 269Google Scholar, 272, 309; Keeler, M.F., The Long Parliament, 1640–1641: a biographical study of its members (Philadelphia, 1954), pp. 85–86Google Scholar; Greaves and Zaller, I, p. 12; Nuttall, ‘The Yorkshire commissioners’, p. 151; TNA, SP 28/1A/18; D. Scott, ‘John Alured (bap. 1607, d. 1651)’, ODNB.
56 In spring 1643, Timothy Scarth was entrusted with command of the garrison at Sir John Hotham's seat, at Scorborough House. After the arrest of the Hothams, his company was ordered to reinforce the garrison at Beverley. He was later a captain of horse in Sir William Constable's regiment: BL, Add. MS 21,418, fos 181, 238; HHC: C BRS/7/17; TNA, E121/5/7, no. 55.
57 This included £3-05-08 due to Anlaby ‘for odd pay’.
58 This pay included £5-08-00 for odd men.
59 This included £1-06-07 ‘for coals etc’.
60 This included £0-03-06 ‘for odd men’.
61 This included £0-06-00 ‘for odd pays’.
62 Among the captains that arrived from the south that week, John Hampden recommended his nephew Robert Hammond to Sir John Hotham on 18 July 1642: HHC: Hotham MS, U DDHO/1/7; Greaves and Zaller, II, p. 44.
63 Maccabeus Hollis, a merchant of Hull, later played an important part in the arrest of the Hothams: Tindall Wildridge, The Hull Letters, pp. 152, 156, 158; Tickell, History of Hull, p. 467.
64 This included £1-18-10 ‘for odd men’.
65 This included £0-11-08 ‘for odd men’.
66 This included £4-04-00 ‘for odd men’.
67 Purefoy's company accompanied John Hotham into the West Riding in October 1642 and into Lincolnshire in April 1643, where many reportedly deserted. Purefoy was appointed governor of Lincoln and was arrested along with his brother for plotting to betray the city to the royalists at Newark. They were conveyed to London where, on 11 August 1643, the House of Commons ordered that they should be dealt with by the committee appointed to examine Sir John Hotham. In November 1643 they were delivered to the earl of Essex to be tried by council of war but their fate remains unknown: BL, TT E126(1), Speciall passages, 25 October–1 November 1642 (London, 1642), pp. 103–104; BL, TT E97(9), The kingdomes weekly intelligencer, 11–18 April 1643 (London, 1643), p. 125; BL, TT E249(2), A perfect diurnall of the passages in parliament, 1–8 May 1643 (London, 1643); CJ, III, pp. 86, 202, 303, 309; BL, TT E249(24), A perfect diurnall of the passages in parliament, 3–10 July 1643 (London, 1643), p. 12; BL, TT E59(12), The parliament scout, 29 June–6 July 1643 (London, 1643), p. 14; BL, Harleian MS 165, fo. 107r; Vicars, J., Jehovah-Jireh: God in the Mount or Englands Parliamentarie Chronicle (London, 1644), pp. 372–373Google Scholar; Tickell, History of Hull, p. 464.
68 The Welshman Captain Humphrey Mathews commanded this company of London volunteers: Slack, R., Man at War: John Gell in his troubled time (Nottingham, 1997), p. 73Google Scholar; TNA, E121/5/7, no. 12.
69 The companies under Purefoy, Mathews, and Carter were raised by the beat of the drum in London and its suburbs in Middlesex, Essex, Kent, and Surrey during July 1642 for the relief of Hull. Carter's company was subsequently attached to the garrisons at Beverley, Cawood, and Wressle: LJ, V. p. 187; TNA, SP 28/189; BL, TT E60(4), Two letters, the one being intercepted by the parliament's forces which was sent from Sir Hugh Cholmley to Captain Gotherick (London, 1643).
70 This included a minister paid at £0-10-00, a boatman at £0-04-08, and a further £0-03-00 for ‘looking to the boom’.
71 This included a minister paid at £0-10-00, a boatman at £0-04-08, and a further £0-02-06 for the boom keeper.
72 Appleyard was also paid £1-13-04 for ‘beer and tobacco for Captain Owen's soldiers’.
73 This included a minister paid at £0-10-00, a boatman at £0-04-08, and a further £0-02-06 for the boom keeper.
74 This included a minister paid £0-10-00, a boom keeper paid £0-07-08, and £3-15-09 spent on ‘2 chalder of coals’.
75 This included £1-03-04 for 5 ‘odd men’.
76 This included a minister paid £0-10-00, £0-07-08 for boatmen and the boom keeper, and £0-15-04 spent on turves.
77 This included £1-17-04 in pay ‘for 8 odd men’.
78 This week Captain Appleyard's pay was reduced to £4-04-00, the same as the other captains.
79 Deals were planks sawn from timber: OED, IV, pp. 295–296.
80 The Downs were an area of sea off the east coast of Kent between the North and South Foreland. They were a favoured anchorage in heavy weather and a gathering place for merchant ships en route to London.
81 Joseph Blaides, an alderman of Hull: TNA, SP 28/189; Tindall Wildridge, The Hull Letters, pp. 151, 156.
82 The pay for this company included £0-10-00 for a minister, £0-06-00 for the boatman and provost, and £0-03-00 for the boom keeper.
83 Captain Alured probably disbanded his company to take command of a troop of horse. On 10 August 1642 Durand Hotham had signed for over £700 to furnish troops of horse for Captain John Hotham and Captain John Alured. The troops were established by the following month, with Alured's brother Matthew serving as his lieutenant: TNA, SP 28/1A/17–18; SP 28/261/246–248; SP 28/252/178.
84 The pay for this company included £0-10-00 for a minister, and £0-09-00 between the boatmen, provost, and boom keeper.
85 The pay for the companies of Appleyard, Lowinger, and Mathews was raised to 6s per man this week, probably because they were drawn out of the garrison for field service under Captain John Hotham.
86 Forces under Captain John Hotham captured Cawood castle on 4 October 1642, from where Hotham signed a declaration against Lord Fairfax's treaty of neutrality: BL, TT E121(21), A true relation of the taking of a great ship at Yarmouth [. . .] Likewise the manner of Master Hothams taking of Keywood castle in Yorkshire (London, 1642); BL, TT E121(32), The declaration of Captain Hotham sent to the parliament (London, 1642); BL, TT E240(36), A perfect diurnall of the passages in parliament, 3–10 October 1642 (London, 1642), p. 8.
87 Forces under John Hotham, accompanied by Sir Edward Rodes and Major John Gifford, captured Selby on 1 October 1642, tightening the stranglehold on York: Sutherland MS, HMC, 5th Report, Appendix (London, 1876), p. 191; BL, TT E119(24), Speciall passages, 27 September–4 October 1642 (London, 1642), pp. 61–62.
88 Drakes were medium-sized pieces of field artillery.
89 Well connected by river to Hull, Cawood castle was fortified as an operational headquarters in the West Riding for Captain John Hotham's forces from October 1642 to March 1643. On 31 January 1643, the earl of Essex ordered Lord Fairfax to allow Captain Hotham to remain as governor of Cawood with full command of all the forces that he had brought there from Hull: BL, Add. MS 18,979, fo. 131.
90 This final payment was made to Captain Mathews as he departed with his company to aid Sir John Gell in Derbyshire. Mathews was recalled to Hull for questioning on 25 November 1642: Slack, Man at War, p. 73.
91 The Mayflower was a twenty-eight-gun ship sent to Hull in April 1642 under the command of Captain Joseph Piggott. It saw active service during the first siege of Hull in July 1642: Powell, J.R., The Navy in the English Civil War (London, 1962), pp. 16, 22Google Scholar.
92 This week Captain Goodricke's pay was increased to £6-06-00, the same pay as Lieutenant-Colonel Legard and Major Jefford.
93 The Providence was a royalist ship that ran aground near Paul in Holderness in July 1642. It was later captured for parliament by Captain Joseph Piggott: J.R. Powell and E.K. Timings (eds), Documents Relating to the Civil War, 1642–1648, Navy Records Society, 105 (1963), pp. 19–20; Powell, The Navy in the English Civil War, p. 18.
94 This included £0-19-00 between the minister and provost, and £0-10-00 for turves.
95 This included an advance of nine weeks’ pay at £0-05-00 per week for the lieutenant.
96 Robert Owram was commissioned a captain of foot under the earl of Essex and was sent to Hull in October 1642. His company was transferred to Beverley in April 1643 and became part of Lord Fairfax's regiment following the arrest of the Hothams: TNA, E121/3/4, no. 69; E121/4/1, no. 63.
97 Hugh Bethell of Rise was a captain of foot under Sir John Hotham before becoming captain-lieutenant to Colonel Francis Boynton's troop of horse. He lost an eye at Marston Moor and finished the war as colonel of a regiment of horse: TNA, E121/5/7, no. 26; West Yorkshire Archive Service, Wakefield, C469/1; Hopper, A., ‘A directory of parliamentarian allegiance in Yorkshire during the civil wars’, YAJ, 73 (2001), p. 101Google Scholar; Henning, B.D. (ed.), The House of Commons, 1660–1690, 3 vols (London, 1983), I, p. 648Google Scholar.
98 The Raikes family were a prominent family of Hull aldermen, and Thomas Raikes was mayor in 1643: HHC: C BRS/7/19, BRS/7/67; TNA, SP 28/189; Rushworth, J., Historical Collections (London, 1691), Part III, II, pp. 276–80Google Scholar; Tindall Wildridge, The Hull Letters, pp. 35–41, 44, 62, 77–78, 84, 151–152, 154–155, 159.
99 This included £0-19-00 between the minister, boatmen, boom keeper, and provost.
100 This may have been William Carlile, a gentleman of Brandesburton and Beverley: HHC: C BRS/7/30; College of Arms, Curia Militaris, Acta (4), fos 55–56.
101 This included £13-04-08 for sixteen men who were with Captain Goodricke at Beverley the previous week.
102 This total is later given as £606-19-01 in the summary of disbursements at the end.
103 Captain Legard appears to have taken over command of the governor's own company for this week.
104 This included £1-01-00 between the ‘preacher’ and ‘provost’.
105 This included money for the minister, provost, boatmen, and boom keeper, plus twenty-four candles, three locks, and a messenger sent into Lincolnshire.
106 Captain John Hotham was campaigning with some of the Hull forces in Durham and the North Riding of Yorkshire from 9 November to 1 December 1642.
107 This included money for the minister, boatmen, and boom keeper.
108 These pieces were to aid Lord Fairfax and Captain John Hotham in their defence of Tadcaster from the earl of Newcastle's army on 6 December 1642.
109 TNA, SP 28/189.
110 This included £1-17-04 for eight sick men and £3-00-08 for ‘13 men at worke’.
111 This included £1-01-00 for a minister and the boatmen, with £1-08-00 for ‘6 odd pays’.
112 This included £5-00-00 given to his men at Beverley.
113 This included £1-01-00 for ‘minister, boatmen, and boom’ and £0-01-08 for ‘odd pays’.
114 This included £1-01-00 for ‘minister etc’, with another £1-00-00 for turves.
115 This was either Captain Arthur Beckwith of Aldborough or his brother Captain Matthew Beckwith of Tanfield: Hopper, ‘A directory of parliamentarian allegiance in Yorkshire’, pp. 96, 102.
116 This included £1-01-00 for the minister, boatmen, and provost, with another £0-05-04 for ‘odd pays’.
117 This included £1-01-00 for the minister, boatmen, and provost.
118 This included £1-01-00 for ‘minister, provost etc’.
119 Captain Robert Hammond disappears from the accounts after this week. By May 1643 he was receiving pay as captain of the earl of Essex's lifeguard: TNA, SP 28/7/121; TNA, E121/5/7, no. 44.
120 TNA, SP 28/6/42–43.
121 This included £0-10-00 for a minister, £0-01-04 for a provost, £0-04-08 for a boatman, £0-03-00 for a boom keeper, and £0-02-00 for a prisoner.
122 TNA, SP 28/6/48–49.
123 This included £0-10-00 for a minister, £0-01-04 for a provost, £0-04-08 for a boatman, £0-03-00 for a boom keeper, and £0-02-00 for a sick man.
124 These were the seamen that Sir John Hotham despatched with Browne Bushell to recapture Scarborough castle for parliament: Binns, J., ‘Captain Browne Bushell: North Sea adventurer and pirate’, Northern History, 27 (1991), pp. 94–96CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
125 TNA, SP 28/6/371–372.
126 John Legard had been a captain in Sir Henry Griffith's East Riding trained band. He was part of the garrison of Scarborough when Sir Hugh Cholmley changed sides. Refusing to countenance this defection, he withdrew to Hull, where his kinsman Sir John Hotham immediately found a command for him: BL, Add. MS 28,082, fo. 80v; Legard, The Legards of Anlaby and Ganton, pp. 83–85; BL TT E95(9), A true and exact relation of all the proceedings of Sir Hugh Cholmleys revolt, 7 April 1643 (London, 1643); Dugdale, The Visitation of the County of Yorke, p. 111.
127 This included £0-10-00 for a minister, £0-01-04 for a provost, £0-04-08 for a boatman, £0-03-00 for a boom keeper, £1-04-09 for candles since 28 November 1642, £2-14-08 for repairs to Hull castle, and £1-03-06 for nails and iron work.
128 Robert Legard of Anlaby was a younger brother of Lieutenant-Colonel Christopher Legard. He served as a reformado captain and scoutmaster in the Hull garrison before commanding a troop in Lord Fairfax's regiment: HHC: C BRS/7/2, BRS/7/10; TNA, E121/4/7, no. 48; Legard, The Legards of Anlaby and Ganton, pp. 83–86.
129 TNA, SP 28/6/379–380.
130 This included the usual £0-10-00 for a minister, £0-01-04 for a provost, £0-04-08 for a boatman, and £0-03-00 for a boom keeper.
131 This was a force led by Lieutenant-General John Hotham, invited into Lincolnshire by his parliamentarian relatives there. The horse comprised the troops of John Hotham, Sir John Hotham (commanded by Major Lowinger), Sir Edward Rodes, Sir Matthew Boynton, and, later, Captain Bethell. They were joined by Hull greycoat infantry under Captain Purefoy: TNA, SP 28/300/441; C. Holmes, Seventeenth-century Lincolnshire (Lincoln, 1980), p. 163.
132 TNA, SP 28/6/423–424.
133 This included the usual £0-10-00 for a minister, £0-01-04 for a provost, £0-04-08 for a boatman, and £0-03-00 for a boom keeper.
134 TNA, SP 28/6/440–441.
135 This included the usual £0-10-00 for a minister, £0-01-04 for a provost, £0-04-08 for a boatman, and £0-03-00 for a boom keeper.
136 This looks like an attempt to reinforce John Hotham's troops in Lincolnshire after their defeat at Ancaster Heath on 11 April 1643.
137 TNA, SP 28/7/160–161.
138 This included the usual £0-10-00 for a minister, £0-01-04 for a provost, £0-04-08 for a boatman, and £0-03-00 for a boom keeper.
139 TNA, SP 28/7/168–169.
140 This included the usual £0-10-00 for a minister, £0-01-04 for a provost, £0-04-08 for a boatman, and £0-03-00 for a boom keeper.
141 TNA, SP 28/7/228–229.
142 This included the usual £0-10-00 for a minister, £0-01-04 for a provost, £0-04-08 for a boatman, and £0-03-00 for a boom keeper.
143 Captain John Legard was killed in an engagement with the royalists at Brigg in 1643: Binns, J. (ed.), The Memoirs and Memorials of Sir Hugh Cholmley of Whitby, 1600–1657, YASRS, 153 (2000), p. 143nGoogle Scholar.
144 A younger son of Sir John Hotham, William was commissioned a captain in the Hull garrison in 1643: HHC: C BRS/7/67.
145 John Bourdenand was a gentleman of Scorborough and secretary to Sir John Hotham. His house was ransacked when the Hothams were arrested: TNA, SP 28/299/754; HHC: C BRS/7/29; CSPD, 1641–1643, p. 465.
146 TNA, SP 28/7/251–252.
147 This included the usual £0-10-00 for a minister, £0-01-04 for a provost, £0-04-08 for a boatman, and £0-03-00 for a boom keeper, as well as £0-15-04 for 5 men for 23 days and £3-00-08 for 13 odd men.
148 A small sailing vessel, usually having a narrow stern, or a boat with a flat bottom and bulging sides, used for coasting and fishing: OED, XI, p. 869.
149 TNA, SP 28/7/478–479.
150 This included the usual £0-10-00 for a minister, £0-01-04 for a provost, £0-04-08 for boatmen, and £0-03-00 for a boom keeper, as well as £0-16-04 for 6 men for 24 days.
151 TNA, SP 28/7/525.
152 This included the usual £0-10-00 for a minister, £0-01-04 for a provost, £0-04-08 for a boatman, and £0-03-00 for a boom keeper, as well as £0-17-06 for a cannoneer.