¹ David Marshall, first Chief Minister of Singapore, 1955–1956; founder of the Labour Front and Workers’ Party in Singapore.

² See p. 58, n. 9.

³ See Section D.

⁴ Walter Raeburn QC. Raeburn had been pupil master to Marshall at the University of London. Raeburn would assist Marshall, Jennings, and the Singapore delegation during the London conference.

⁵ See p. 99, n. 3.

⁶ See p. 132, n. 12.

⁷ Commander-in-Chief.

⁸ Secretary of State for the Colonies.

⁹ See p. 166, n. 39.

¹⁰ Chief Minister.

¹¹ Alan Lennox-Boyd (later Viscount Boyd of Merton), British Conservative minister; Secretary of State for the Colonies, 1954–1959. Jennings sometimes abbreviates his name to L.B. in this chapter.

¹² On 9 March 1956 Makarios, Archbishop and Primate of the Greek Orthodox Church in Cyprus, was controversially arrested and exiled to the Seychelles owing to his links with the EOKA terrorist organization that was fighting to end British rule on the island and unite with Greece.

¹³ See p. 57, n. 1.

¹⁴ People's Action Party, founded in 1954. It has held power continuously since 1959.

¹⁵ Jennings is probably referring to either Lim Chin Siong or Fong Swee Suan, both leftist leaders in the PAP at that point.

¹⁶ ‘Self-government’ or ‘freedom’ in Malay.

¹⁷ Lee Kuan Yew, PAP Secretary General; Prime Minister of Singapore, 1959–1990.

¹⁸ Geoffrey Lloyd (later Baron Geoffrey-Lloyd), British Conservative politician.

¹⁹ Herbert Morrison (later Baron Morrison of Lambeth), British Labour minister; Deputy Prime Minister, 1945–1951.

²⁰ Abdul Hamid bin Haji Jumat, Minister of Local Government, Lands, and Housing in the Marshall ministry.

²¹ Robinson, J.B.P., Transformation in Malaya (London, 1956)Google Scholar.

²² See p. 62, n. 19.

²³ Colonial Office.

²⁴ Malayan Communist Party. An illegal organization and critical player in the insurgency known as the Malayan Emergency.

²⁵ By 1949 the Chinese civil war was largely over, with the Communist Party controlling the mainland and Chiang Kai-chek's Kuomintang movement confined to Taiwan.

²⁶ This probably refers to riots in 1950, mainly involving Malays angered over a perceived legal bias against Muslims. The lower ranks of the police were often staffed by Malays.

²⁷ Other ranks (i.e. non-officers).

²⁸ Colonial officials.

²⁹ Probably members of the Liberal Socialist Party (as William Tan certainly was).

³⁰ His Excellency the Governor.

³¹ Sir Robert Black, British colonial administrator; Governor of Singapore, 1955–1957.

³² Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food.

³³ See Section D.

³⁴ John Hare (later Viscount Blakenham), British Conservative minister; Minister of State for Colonial Affairs, 1955–1956.

³⁵ Aneurin Bevan, British Labour politician; Minister of Health, 1945–1951.

³⁶ Sir Kenneth Roberts-Wray, Legal Adviser to the Colonial Office and the Commonwealth Relations Office.

³⁷ Communist Party of Great Britain.

³⁸ The centre-left Liberal Socialist Party of Singapore.

³⁹ Lim Koon Teck, a leading lawyer in Singapore.

⁴⁰ Leader of the Liberal Socialists.

⁴¹ Lim Yew Hock, Minister of Labour; successor to David Marshall as Chief Minister, 1956–1959.

⁴² A.J. Braga, Minister of Health, 1956–1959.

⁴³ Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India, 1947–1964.

⁴⁴ When Marshall had been made Chief Minister he was told that there would be no office space for him, in response to which he threatened that he would work ‘under the old apple tree’ in central Singapore.

⁴⁵ Order in Council.

⁴⁶ House of Commons.

⁴⁷ Attorney-General.

⁴⁸ This refers to the contentious issue of the UK's powers over defence in Singapore.

⁴⁹ Malcolm MacDonald, British politician and diplomat; Governor-General of British Territories in South-East Asia, 1946–1948; Commissioner-General in South-East Asia, 1948–1955.

⁵⁰ Sir Anthony Eden (later Earl of Avon), British Conservative Prime Minister, 1955–1957.

⁵¹ Secretary of State.

⁵² Singapore had long been a pivotal base for the defence strategies of Australia and New Zealand.

⁵³ A youth conference in Calcutta attended by delegations from many Asian countries. The British believed that the conference, with Soviet backing, encouraged local communist parties to start armed insurrection again colonial rule.