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The Parliamentary Diaries of Sir John Trelawny, 1868–73

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 October 2009

Extract

  • Preface 332

  • Editorial Note 333

  • Introduction 334

  • Parliamentary Diaries of Sir John Trelawny 344

    • Session of 1868–9 344

    • Session of 1870 373

    • Session of 1871 416

    • Session of 1872 444

    • Session of 1873 477

  • Appendix 502

  • Index 505

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1994

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References

1 The three exercise books containing the diaries for 1868–73 are deposited in the Bodleian Library, MS Eng Hist d. 417–19.

2 See below, 16 Feb., 17 Mar., 22 Apr. 1869.

3 T.D., 3 05 1860.Google Scholar

4 Machin, G.I.T., Politics and the Churches in Great Britain, 1832–1868 (Oxford, 1977), 349–55.Google Scholar

5 Although the presence of a radical-nonconformist element had created frequent problems for Trelawny: T.D., 415.Google Scholar

6 For the background to this constituency, see Jaggard, E., ‘Farmers, Nabobs and County Politics in Cornwall, 1832–68’, Southern History, vii (1985), 145–61.Google Scholar

7 Bateman, John's Great Landowners of Great Britain and Ireland, (4th ed., 1883)Google Scholar, gives the annual rental of the Trelawne estate as £6,000, including the income from woodland.

8 The Times, 25 07 1868, 5.Google Scholar

9 Ibid, 24 Sept. 1868, 10

10 See T.D., 20 03 1861.Google Scholar

11 Speech at Bodmin, , The Times, 24 08 1868, 7.Google Scholar

12 Ibid, 14 Nov. 1868, 4.

13 Ibid, 10 Nov. 1868, 5.

14 See below, 19 Feb. and 10 May 1869; 14 Feb. 1871.

15 The Times, 24 08 1868, 7.Google Scholar

16 See below, 7 Mar., 4–5 Apr. 1870.

17 See below, 3, 4, 11 Mar. 1873.

18 See below, 24 Feb. 1870; 2 Mar. 1871.

19 T.D., 34, 1519.Google Scholar

20 7 Dec. 1847, H xcv. 774–6.

21 22 Mar. 1848, H xcvii. 867–8.

22 9 Feb. 1849, H cii. 517.

23 22 Mar. 1848, H xcvii. 867–8.

24 31 Mar. 1847, H xcii. 685–6.

25 7 Dec. 1847, H xcv. 774–6; 9 Feb. 1849, H cii. 517.

26 The Times, 27 06 1846, 5.Google Scholar

27 2 Aug. 1843, H lxxi. 175–81.

28 7 Dec. 1847, H xcv. 774–6.

29 Hamer, D.A., The Politics of Electoral Pressure (Brighton, 1977), 122–38, 165–99Google Scholar.

30 See below, 19 June 1872 (Glyn); 9 Aug. 1870 (Bruce); 15 Mar. 1870 (Lowe); 13 May 1870 (Ayrton).

31 See below, 24 Feb. 1871; 23 Feb. 1872.

32 K.J., 18 Mar. 1873.

33 The Times, 23 11 1868, 4.Google Scholar

34 For Mill's position, see Kinzer, Bruce L., The Ballot Question in Nineteenth-Century English Politics (New York, 1982), 7381.Google Scholar

35 See below, 11 July 1871; 8 Apr. 1872.

36 Indeed he had pressured the Palmerston government to pass the first Contagious Diseases act: T.D., 5 and 31 May 1864.

37 See below, 21 Mar. 1872.

38 See below, 20 July 1871; 22 July 1872.

39 Parry, J.P., Democracy and Religion: Gladstone and the Liberal Party, 1867–1875 (Cambridge, 1986), 321, 338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

40 T.D. 30 July 1860; 7 Feb. 1861.

41 Ramm, Agatha, ‘The Parliamentary Context of Cabinet Government, 1868–1874’, English Historical Review, xcix (1984), 739–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

42 See below, 14 Feb. 1870.

43 See below, 24–25 Apr., 5 July 1870.

44 The Times, 4 12 1871, 6Google Scholar; 21 May 1872, 6; 26 Feb. 1873, 8.

45 Glyn to Gladstone, 17 Sept. [1873], B.L. Add MSS 44348, fo. 275.

46 Gooch, G.P., Life of Lord Courtney (1920), 123.Google Scholar

47 Ibid, 282–3.

48 In the light of the results of the recent general election, the Conservative Premier, Benjamin Disraeli, had decided to resign immediately rather than face the new parliament. By 10 Dec., therefore, W.E. Gladstone had already been commissioned to form a Liberal administration.

49 Elected in 1857, 1859 and 1865.

50 Seconding Grey.

51 A number of former Whig ministers, such as the Duke of Somerset, Viscount Halifax and Sir George Grey, had declined offers from Gladstone. The most notable new recruit was the radical, John Bright, who became President of the Board of Trade; Parry, J.P., Democracy and Religion: Gladstone and the Liberal Party, 1867–1875 (Cambridge, 1986), 278–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

52 And again until 16 Feb. 1869. The first adjournment was necessary in order to allow the statutory period of time (21 days) for election petitions to be presented, before new writs could be issued for those constituencies where Liberal ministers were obliged to seek re-election. Lord Ossington, Notes from my Journal when Speaker of the House of Commons (privately printed, 1900), 235.Google Scholar

53 Roebuck was notorious for his anti-trade union views. Mundella, a hosiery manufacturer in Nottingham, sought to promote closer relations between employers and employees, and took a specialist interest in matters affecting the working men. Armytage, W.H.G., A.J. Mundella 1825–1897: The Liberal Background to the Labour Movement (London, 1951).Google Scholar

54 The only precedent was in 1805, after the death of the Duke of Gloucester. Normally, when the monarch did not open parliament in person, the Address was presented to him or her by the Privy Councillors. Ossington, Journal, 239Google Scholar. The suggestion for a public reception at Buckingham Palace was made by the Home Secretary, who was concerned about the possible adverse effects of ‘the Queen's total abstention from all popular demonstrations’; Bruce, H.A. to Gladstone, , 9 02 1869Google Scholar, B.L. Add MSS 44086, fo. 32.

55 Clerk of the House of Commons.

56 President of the Poor Law Board, and Home Secretary, respectively.

57 The Habitual Criminals bill, introduced on 26 Feb.; Royal Assent, 11 Aug.

58 The Rateable Property (Metropolis) bill and the Rateable Property bill. The latter was subsequently withdrawn; for the former, see Offer, Avner, Property and Politics 1870–1914 (Cambridge, 1981), 176–7.Google Scholar

59 McEvoy's bill was later withdrawn.

60 85:46 against the motion for a select committee to enquire into the working of legislation relating to Roman Catholic charities; H cxciv. 384–99.

61 For the 1st reading of the Established Church (Ireland) bill, to disestablish and disendow the Church of Ireland; no division. Disestablishment was to take place on 1 Jan. 1871, and the Church's property vested in a new ecclesiastical commission for the next ten years. After financial provision had been made for incumbants and curates, and compensation given to other denominations for the loss of the Maynooth grant, regium donum etc., Gladstone reckoned on a surplus of £7.8 millions which was to be applied to ‘unavoidable calamities and suffering’ not covered by the poor law. Parry, , Democracy and Religion, 280–2.Google Scholar

62 209:78 for 2nd reading of the Metropolitan Street Tramways bill. Later withdrawn.

63 Moving the rejection of the bill on the grounds that it would give monopolistic powers to a private company; H cxciv. 542–5.

64 128:65. The election in Nov. 1868 had been declared void. The by-election on 11 Mar. 1869 was won by a Conservative, but also declared void, the seat being awarded to the Liberal candidate, the Hon. A.H.A. Anson.

65 Robert Lowe moved a supplementary vote of £3.6 millions, making a total of £8.6 millions; H cxciv. 641–3. For the war, see Harcourt, Freda, ‘Disraeli's Imperialism 1866–1868: A Question of Timing’, Historical Journal, xxiii (1980), 87109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

66 For a government investigation of malpractices, and the amendment of the penalties attached to these offences; H cxciv. 718–27, withdrawn.

67 Royal assent 9 Aug.

68 Sir Edward Wetherall, a soldier, had been appointed Under-secretary for Ireland. Wilson Patten was the Conservative Irish Chief Secretary at the time. Wetherall died in May 1869.

69 The squadron was deployed off the West Coast of Africa to suppress the slave trade.

70 As a Junior Lord of the Treasury in Gladstone's ministry.

71 The Real Estate Intestacy bill was later withdrawn.

72 2nd reading of the Contagious Diseases (Animals) bill, requiring that imported cattle be slaughtered at the port of entry; later withdrawn.

73 The Contagious Diseases (Animals) (No. 2) bill, increasing the powers of the Privy Council to regulate the importation and transportation of live cattle. P.P. 1868–9, i 511.

74 The Solicitor General, acting in an independent capacity, sought to abolish religious tests for all lay posts in the Universities; rejected by the House of Lords.

75 i.e. the division of responsibilities between the two posts. The commander-in-chief was the Duke of Cambridge, the Queen's cousin.

76 The Secretary of State for war, on the army estimates. £14,230,400 was required for the year, a reduction of £1,196,650.

77 207:88 against the 2nd reading of the Revenue Officers bill.

78 South West Lancashire, in 1868.

79 Moving the rejection of the 2nd reading of the Established Church (Ireland) bill.

80 On the 2nd reading of the Established Church (Ireland) bill, continued.

81 Gladstone had resigned from Sir Robert Peel's ministry over this issue, in 1845, because it conflicted with the principles he had stated in his book, The State in its Relations with the Church (1838). Nevertheless, he had still voted for the Maynooth grant. Ball therefore contended that Gladstone had no religious objection to State endowment of the Roman Catholic Church; H cxciv. 1791–1814.

82 Dixon, William Hepworth, New America (1867)Google Scholar, described the state of religion in a country where a purely voluntary system operated.

83 Disraeli, on 18 Mar., had ridiculed the plan for the extinction of the Tithe rent charge, predicting that the result would be that Church property would go into the pockets of the landlords; H cxciv. 1662–94.

84 Irish Attorney General.

85 Recent changes had made available for members the two first benches on each side under the gallery: Ossington, Journal, 236Google Scholar.

86 He opposed the 2nd reading of the Established Church (Ireland) bill, on the grounds that while he favoured disestablishment, he was opposed to disendowment. His views had precluded an offer from Gladstone of the Lord Chancellorship: Earl, Roundell of Selborne, , Memorials: Personal and Political, 1865–1895 (1898), i. 112–13.Google Scholar

87 Trelawny accidently wrote ‘Thursday’.

88 Question raised by Clare Sewell Read; H cxciv. 2001–2.

89 2nd reading of the Established Church (Ireland) bill.

90 Irish Chief Secretary in the Conservative ministries of Derby and Disraeli.

91 In fact, Gladstone alleged that the speech, describing the bill as ‘sacrilege, spoliation, perfidy’, had been made at a Conservative dinner on 3 Mar. (reference not found in The Times).

92 The House resumed its sittings on 1 Apr., but Trelawny had been absent through illness.

93 281:30 against the amendment.

94 Lowe had outlined his budget resolutions on 8 Apr., H cxcv. 363–400. He proposed that the income tax and land tax should be collected in a single instalment, in January. He also proposed a comprehensive scheme for the revision and simplification of other assessed taxes, converting them into licence duties. Income tax was to be reduced by id., and the duties on fire insurances abolished along with the is. corn duty (a remnant of the old corn laws). Winter, James, Robert Lowe (Toronto, 1976), 255–7.Google Scholar

95 Relating to servants, carriages etc., H cxcv. 595–6.

96 Reference not clear from Hansard, but evidently relates to the 6th resolution.

97 The Married Women's Property bill, which later ran out of time in the House of Lords.

98 Sir John Coleridge.

99 The Times, 15 04 1869, 8Google Scholar. The votes were 169:81 against Rylands' motion that the chairman of committee report progress, and 110:57 against Brady's motion that the chairman leave the chair. Thomas Chambers had proposed a number of ‘verbal amendments’ which were not on the order paper. The bill was later withdrawn.

100 To delay it for six months.

101 i.e. the concurrent endowment of all denominations.

102 Seeking to move an instruction to the committee regarding the Maynooth grant, but ruled out of order by the Speaker; H cxcv. 847.

103 For Sheridan's clause, during the 3rd reading debate on the Metropolitan District Railway bill; C.J. cxxiv. 137.

104 Disraeli moved to omit the clause, which dissolved the legislative union of the English and Irish Churches, claiming that he was seeking to preserve the Royal supremacy; H cxcv. 993–9.

105 Edward Sullivan.

106 301:194 against Hardy's amendment to clause 12, seeking to delay the transfer of Church property to the ecclesiastical commissioners; H cxcv. 1109.

107 For clause 12.

108 Hardy's unsuccessful amendment to clause 14, to omit the provision that com pensation to curates be deducted from the incomes payable to incumbents; H cxcv. 1137–8.

109 For Thomas Chambers' bill; later withdrawn.

110 Committee stage.

111 Against Palmer's amendment to clause 14 regarding ‘permanent curates’; H cxcv. 1378–85.

112 Against Pim's proposal for lump sums rather than annuities; H cxcv. 1386–7.

113 Against Charley's proposed annuities for organists, vergers etc.; H cxcv. 1411.

114 Against Colonel Gilpin's motion.

115 For Gladstone's proposal to drop from clause 25 a provision enabling the commissioners to provide money for the upkeep of certain Churches and Cathedrals as national monuments; H cxcv. 1603–4.

116 Disraeli was referring to a speech made in the previous parliament; H cxcv. 1591.

117 Clause 4 of the Evidence Amendment bill permitted affirmations in lieu of oaths in criminal cases; 2nd reading agreed. Cf. T.D., 11 and 13 Mar. 1861.

118 Attorney General.

119 An eminent judge in the court of Probate.

120 It was ‘notoriously venal’; Hoppen, K.T., Elections, Politics and Society in Ireland, 1832–1885 (Oxford, 1984), 290Google Scholar. The Liberal victor in 1868 had been unseated, but another Liberal won the subsequent by-election.

121 i.e. to allow married couples to give evidence against one another; no such bill was introduced.

122 30 Apr., H cxcv. 2009–17, favouring the creation of a peasant proprietory.

123 For clause 39, regarding compensation for the loss of the Maynooth grant; H cxcvi. 107–32.

124 The Times, 4 05 1869, 8.Google Scholar

125 Daniel O'Sullivan had made a number of pro-fenian speeches. A bill of pains and penalties was introduced in order to disqualify him permanently from office.

126 Edward Sullivan.

127 The bill was dropped on 11 May when it was learned that the mayor had agreed to resign.

128 C.J. cxxiv. 182.

129 Presumably Charles Forster.

130 Chairman of committees.

131 A by-election in which Trelawny was interested as a local landowner.

132 Secretary of State for war.

133 For the outcome, see below, 14 Feb. 1870.

134 The House had adjourned for Whitsun on 13 May.

135 Crawford feared that the concentration of tax collection would have an adverse effect on the money market: H cxcvi. 823; Lowe's view was that ‘the money market must look after itself’, Winter, , Robert Lowe, 257.Google Scholar

136 The Times, 28 05 1869, 8.Google Scholar

137 Lowe had proposed to abolish the exemption of brood mares from taxation. He reluctantly yielded to pressure from, among others, Speaker Denison: Ossington, Journal, 243–4.Google Scholar

138 Victor in the Liskeard by-election.

139 3rd reading stage; Holt moving a delaying amendment.

140 Government chief whip.

141 3rd reading passed on 28 May; Royal assent, 9 Aug.

142 He did; T.D., 13 Mar. 1861.

143 For the 2nd reading; C.J. cxxiv. 214–15.

144 See above 4 May; Trelawny is now reverting to the 3rd reading debate on the Established Church (Ireland) bill.

145 Sir John St Aubyn's bill, amending the law relating to mining partnerships within the stanneries of Devon and Cornwall, had already been passed by the Commons; Royal Assent, 24 June. P.P. 1868–9, v. 207.

146 Gregory advocated the Sunday opening of museums etc.

147 Against Hadfield's amendment to the motion for entering into committee of supply, calling for the discontinuation of expenditure on the digest of the Statutes; H cxcvi. 1244–8.

148 The matter was not raised in the Commons.

149 Not moved; but see below, 14 Feb. 1870.

150 Trelawny had been ill since 10 June, and his attendance continued to be intermittent.

151 H cxcvii. 430–8, urging that the burden of local rates be relieved by State grants; withdrawn.

152 2nd reading of the Money Laws (Ireland) bill; withdrawn.

153 On 8 June Trelawny had been appointed a member of the select committee to inquire into the working of the act. For the background, see Paul McHugh, Prostitution and Victorian Social Reform (1980), 35–48.

154 Bentinck noted that in 1866 Grant Duff had criticised Gladstone for defending the principle of denominational education in the Universities (Gladstone changed his position in 1868); H cxcvii. 767–72.

155 With regard to compounding; H cxcvii. 1088–9.

156 H cxcvii. 1090–1.

157 She was a fictional village gossip; B.P. Shillaber, The Life and Sayings of Mrs Partington (1854). In one of her stories, she attempted to keep out the Atlantic with her mop.

158 Against Fawcett's amendment. The bill was subsequently passed by the Commons, but ran out of time in the Lords.

159 Read's amendment, in committee, to enforce the slaughter of cattle at the point of debarkation, unless the country of origin had been free of disease for three years; H cxcvii. 1272–5. Supported by McCombie. Amendment defeated, 220:116.

160 Both were supporters of the bill.

161 Agreed without a division; the bill was later withdrawn. Gladstone had privately intimated to Walter Morrison, on 5 July, that he would support the bill on the understanding that it would proceed no further that session; G.D., vii. 91.

162 He was a medical opponent of the Contagious Diseases act.

163 The report recommended additions to the towns covered by the 1866 act, and suggested another select committee be appointed to consider further extensions. The government subsequently passed an act (Royal assent, 11 Aug), adding six more towns to the schedule; McHugh, , Prostitution, 4852.Google Scholar

164 Layard, the chief commissioner of works and buildings, thus carried his modified resolution for a vote of £31,026 (originally £34,026) for building work in the Palace of Westminster, Dillwyn having persisted in his attempt to reduce the vote by a further £2,500 because of his opposition to decorating the walls of the Central Hall; H cxcvii. 1429–30.

165 Forster's amendment to his Contagious Diseases (Animals) (No. 2) bill, agreed; H cxcvii. 1530–1.

166 His amendment to clause 67 was withdrawn; H cxcvii. 1535–7.

167 The overall effect of the 62 amendments passed by the Lords was to make a nonsense of the disendowing clauses of the bill, restoring to the Church of Ireland most of its property and money. It was to be left to parliament in future to decide how the surplus funds should be applied, and the preamble of the bill was rewritten so as to permit the concurrent endowment of other denominations. An element of concurrent endowment was also introduced with the amendment providing that glebe houses and lands be given to Roman Catholic and Presbyterian clergy out of the Church of Ireland's surplus funds. Disestablishment was to be postponed from 1 Jan. to 1 May 1871. See the Annual Register, 1869, 95100.Google Scholar

168 Not yet. Gladstone moved the rejection of the most important of the Lords' amendments; H cxcvii. 1891–2.

169 On the Established Church (Ireland) bill.

170 To disagree with the Lords' amendment.

171 Who, the previous day, had voted to restore their amendment to the preamble of the Established Church (Ireland) bill; H cxcviii. 323.

173 After negotiations between Lord Granville and Lord Cairns, the House of Lords had given way on most of its amendments; G.D., vii. 104–5.

173 It was left to parliament to decide in future how the surplus should be applied.

174 All 3 bills received the Royal assent on 9 Aug.

175 The Fortifications (Provision for Expenses) bill proposed spending an extra £1,500,000 on the coastal fortifications initiated by Palmerston in 1860.

176 Beaumont's amendment sought a reduction to £1,285,000 by reducing the number of guns at the Spithead forts; H cxcviii. 1008–9. The government chief whip subsequently complained of the poor attendance by ministers in this and other divisions; Glyn, to Gladstone, , 31 07 [1869]Google Scholar, B.L. Add MSS 44347, fos 307–15.

177 See pamphlet, Trelawny's, Sketch of existing restrictions on banking and doubts of the soundness of the principles on which they rest (1847).Google Scholar

178 Gladstone moved that O'Donovan Rossa, elected for Tipperary, was incapable of being returned to the House of Commons on the grounds that he was a convicted felon; H cxcix. 122–3.

179 For Gladstone's motion.

180 Surgeon at the London Lock hospital, and honorary secretary of the Extensionist association, campaigning for the extension of the Contagious Diseases acts.

181 The Times, 5 02 1870, 4.Google Scholar

182 Ibid, 7 Feb. 1870, 10; printed as an appendix to this edition, below pp. 502–4. Edward Webster had made a number of suggestions for procedural reform in a pamphlet, The Public and Private business of the House of Commons considered in relation to the economizaron of the time of the House and its members (1868).Google Scholar

183 See above, 12 May 1869. Speaker Denison described the effect of the changes made as follows: ‘The lobby up to the door of the House was open to strangers, and continually crowded by them, so that members could not get to the vote office, or to the refreshment rooms, or to and from the House, without being pressed upon and thronged, not only by constituents, but by members of deputations and strangers, to their excessive inconvenience. I arranged with the Sergeant-at-arms that this first lobby should be kept free of strangers, for the use of members. Strangers to remain in the large central hall, sending in cards or messages to members.’ Ossington, , Journal, 1900), 253Google Scholar. What influence, if any, Trelawny's suggestions had on these changes, is unclear.

184 1st reading of the bill to introduce the secret ballot for elections. Leatham agreed to postpone the 2nd reading until after the report of a select committee on the subject.

185 The Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) bill, limiting the landlords' power of arbitrary eviction and enforcing a system of compensation for departing or evicted tenants. Compensation was to be paid to departing tenants for improvements made to their holdings, and for eviction itself (though not in cases of failure to pay the rent). The distinctive ‘Ulster custom’ of tenant right was to be legally recognised. For the background to the bill, see Steele, E.D., Irish Land and British Politics: Tenant Right and Nationality, 1865–70 (Cambridge, 1974).Google Scholar

186 William Sharman Crawford was in fact elected for Dundalk in 1834. On 22 Mar. 1848 Trelawny had successfully moved for the rejection of his Irish tenant right bill; H xcvii. 867–8.

187 Not traced.

188 In its original form, Forster's bill provided for the creation of School Boards in England and Wales in areas where the existing provision of school places was deemed insufficient. Boards were to have the option of making school attendance compulsory. They were also to be allowed to decide what sort of religious instruction should be provided, with a conscience clause allowing parents to withdraw their children from this instruction if they so desired. Voluntary schools were to be eligible for rate aid. P.P. 1870, i. 505.

189 An amendment to the supply motion, hostile to turnpike trusts; H cxcix. 551–3, withdrawn.

190 Motion for a select committee; H cxcix. 697–702.

191 Against Peck's resolution to end the toll; H cxcix. 708–11.

192 A reference to the provision that School Boards could decide for themselves what religious instruction should be provided.

193 H cxcix. 815–18, arguing that the New Forest and the Forest of Dean were badly managed and unproductive.

194 H cxcix. 1002–10, arguing that this would alleviate poverty.

195 Against the resolution. Speaker Denison noted that Gladstone's speech against Torrens had been decisive; Ossington, Journal, 252–3.Google Scholar

196 Against 2nd reading of the Railway Travelling bill.

197 Assistant Clerk of the House of Commons.

198 Calling for the substitution of the tax with licences for brewers; H cxcix. 1253–60, withdrawn.

199 In his budget, Lowe merely removed the tax on farmers who steeped their own barley; 11 Apr., H cc. 1607–45.

200 To delay the 2nd reading for six months.

201 He retired from parliament in 1875.

202 2nd reading of Duncan McLaren's bill.

203 George Young.

204 The Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) bill, 2nd reading debate continued.

205 He favoured the application of the ‘Ulster custom’ throughout Ireland; H cc. 1643–58.

206 In effect the ‘3 f's’, of fair rent, fixity of tenure and free sale, and no separate recognition of the Ulster custom; H cxcix. 1745–60.

207 Which reported in 1845, favouring compensation for tenants' improvements; P.P. 1845, xix–xxii. for the detailed evidence it collected.

208 3 June 1858; H cl. 1450–7.

209 He felt that the Ulster custom should not be recognised by law, and that where a man with no lease was evicted in spite of having paid his rent, he should be allowed to appeal to a tribunal in which the Judge would decide each case on its merits; H cxcix. 1806–28.

210 Bryan's amendment against the 2nd reading was defeated, 442:11. The Speaker had made special arrangements to cope with the likely large number voting in one lobby; Ossington, Journal, 254.Google Scholar

211 Crichton's motion condemned the dismissal of Coote for tampering with a jury; H cxcix. 1877–87.

212 For the government.

213 Against allowing local authorities discretionary power to determine the religious instruction provided in schools supported by State funds or rates; H cxcix. 1919–31.

214 A select committee, chaired by J.F. Maguire, to enquire into the working of the Prison Ministers act of 1863: C.J. cxxv. 85, for the membership; P.P. 1870, viii. 715 for the report.

215 2nd reading of Leatham's Ballot bill. He agreed to postpone it after Lord Harrington, who had chaired a select committee on the subject (of which Leatham was a member), indicated that the government intended to introduce a bill of its own. Kinzer, Bruce L., The Ballot Question in Nineteenth Century English Politics (New York, 1982), 119–34.Google Scholar

216 Newdegate, whose adjournment motion was defeated, 226:116.

217 Bartellot's motion, which would have killed the bill, defeated 220:110.

218 The Times, 23 11 1868, 4.Google Scholar

219 Used to mark the hands of those who had voted.

220 1st reading of the Peace Preservation (Ireland) bill, aiming e.g. to suppress the use of firearms in proclaimed districts, increase police powers of search, give magistrates powers of summary punishment, and give the Crown powers to seize newspapers; P.P. 1870, iii. 655.

221 Trelawny mistakenly gave the figure for the majority as 161. Lennox was against the retiring of flag officers except on grounds of age or health, because of the expense involved; H cc. 127–36.

222 Debate continued from 14 Mar.

223 Charles Sibthorp, M.P. for Lincoln 1826–32 and 1835–55; an ultra-protectionist.

224 Gladstone, in a conciliatory speech, had announced that the government was willing to reconsider, during the committee stage, the conscience clause of the Education bill; H cc. 292–303.

225 P.P. 1860, xvi. i.

226 425:13 for the and reading of the Peace Preservation (Ireland) bill.

227 Acting on behalf of a joint committee of the Protestant Dissenting Deputies and the Liberation Society; the bill would have permitted dissenters' burial services in Anglican Churchyards; Machin, G.I.T., Politics and the Churches in Great Britain, 1869–1921 (Oxford, 1987), 42.Google Scholar

228 The Home Secretary and his Liberal predecessor.

229 Trelawny mistakenly gave the figure for the majority as 236. The bill was later withdrawn.

230 Against the amendment to clause 27 of the Peace Preservation (Ireland) bill, providing for the seizure of ‘treasonable or seditious’ matter; H cc. 617–23.

231 Those who had voted against the 2nd reading, on 22 Mar.

232 The Times, 9 03 1870, 12.Google Scholar

233 Serjeant-at-arms.

234 C.J. cxxv. 117, for the amendment to clause 5 relating to clients' securities; the amendment to clause 6, setting a twelve month deadline for solicitors' claims, was negatived on 1 Apr.; C.J. cxxv. 121.

235 He proposed morning sittings for Friday 1st, Tuesday 5th and Friday 8th Apr.; H ce. 992–6.

236 Gladstone had stated his objection to part of clause 38, relating to awards by Grand Juries to the relatives of murder victims, on the grounds that this was taxation by the House of Lords; H cc. 1050.

237 On the Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) bill, in committee.

238 Moved in the Irish Chief Secretary's absence by Gladstone; H cc. 1284–5. A verbal alteration to clause 3 of the Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) bill, clarifying the tenant's right to compensation on quitting his holding.

239 In Apr. 1858; H cxlix. appendix.

240 The hostile majority numbered 211.

241 2nd reading of Osborne Morgan's bill to facilitate (with powers of compulsory purchase) acquisitions of land for places of worship. Morgan pointed out that in Wales there was often difficulty in obtaining land for dissenters' chapels, because of the hostility of landlords; H cc. 1382–90. The bill made no further progress.

242 The Solicitor General agreed to the omission of the clause from the Attorneys and Solicitors Remuneration bill; H ce. 1423.

243 E.P. Beuverie.

244 Trelawny had been paired from 7–12 Apr., and the Easter recess followed until the 25th. His attendance was intermittent until the end of the month, due to rheumatism.

245 i.e. the Deceased Wife's Sister bill, moved by Thomas Chambers. Later rejected by the House of Lords.

246 House of Lords Sessional Papers, 1835, i. 195.

247 290:209 against Ball.

248 On 2 May Newdegate had secured the appointment of a select committee to inquire into the matter; H cci. 51–84.

249 A sensational court case, in 1869, in which Mary Saurin successfully sued the mother superior (Mrs Star) of a convent in Hull, for libel and conspiracy. Arnstein, Walter, Protestant and Catholic in Mid-Victorian England: Mr. Newdegate and the Nuns (University of Missouri Press, 1982), 108–22Google Scholar. The case fuelled Newdegate's demands for a parliamentary inquiry.

250 For the 2nd reading of the bill to enfranchise women householders.

251 On Newdegate's motion on convents, 2 May; The Times, 4 05 1870, 7.Google Scholar

252 His amendment only applied to the National Gallery and parts of the British Museum; H cci. 330–3. Withdrawn.

253 Kinnaird seconding and Gregory supporting Allen; Walpole and Hope were sceptical. H cci. 330–50 for the debate.

254 T.D., 16 Feb. 1860.

255 Published on 12 May.

256 In committee, on clause 5.

257 Possibly the Earl of Dunraven.

258 The Parliamentary Elections bill, based on the report of Harrington's select committee (P.P. 1870, vi. 131), provided for a secret ballot, the abolition of public nominations, and banned the use of public houses as committee rooms. It did not, however, apply to municipal elections, and numbered counterfoils on the ballot papers left open the possibility of a scrutiny. 1st reading given, but no further progress made.

259 Against the motion to enter into committee on the bill to extend household suffrage to women.

260 H cci. 670–82. Edward Barry, the son of Sir Charles Barry, had been appointed by Cowper-Temple in 1860, but had quarrelled with Ayrton, the current chief commissioner for works and buildings. There was some doubt as to whether Barry was, strictly speaking, an office holder. For the long and controversial history of the new parliament buildings, see Quinault, Roland, ‘Westminster and the Victorian Constitution’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, sixth series, ii (1992), 79104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

261 ‘The offer was met by a dry and hard assumption as to the rights of the Crown’; H cci. 701.

262 152:109.

263 Perhaps George Wingrove Cooke, a leader writer for The Times.

264 Not found.

265 Ready for the 1st reading of William Fowler's bill to repeal the Contagious Diseases acts of 1866 and 1869. There had been a mounting public agitation against the acts during the early months of 1870; McHugh, Paul, Prostitution and Victorian Social Reform (1980), 56–9.Google Scholar

266 Government chief whip.

267 In June 1849; Hunt, Frederick Knight, The Fourth Estate: Contributions towards a history of newspapers and of the liberty of the press (1850), ii. 286.Google Scholar

268 209:45 against Watkin Williams' resolution for disestablishment; H cci. 1274–91.

269 229:88 to adjourn the House. The Home Secretary, Bruce, announced that a Royal Commission would be appointed.

270 Supporting the Contagious Diseases acts.

271 H cci. 1307–47 reports the speeches ‘so far as they can be ascertained’. This was at least partly based on Trelawny's notes: see below, 5 July 1870.

272 In a part of his diary entry for 20 Mar. 1872 (not printed), Trelawny mentions that this was on 12 May 1843, H box. 313–14, during a tempestuous debate on the corn laws.

273 It was now through the committee stage.

274 Chairman of committees.

275 i.e. Gladstone.

276 Describing the 5 bishops who had signed a petition supporting the Contagious Diseases acts as ‘a smartish lot to go into an affair of this kind’; H cci. 1338.

277 Parliamentary secretary to the admiralty.

278 Parliament had ajourned for Whitsun on 31 May.

279 With the House in committee, the Speaker himself spoke in favour of Gregory's motion against the horse licence; Ossington, Journal, 257.Google Scholar

280 It was slightly earlier; T.D., 20 Mar. 1861.

281 ‘… the principle of representation ought to be applied to the government and financial administration of Counties’; H cci. 1853–61. Defeated, 61:39.

282 See above, 28 May 1869.

283 The Times, 14 06 1870, 9Google Scholar. The bill had now been adopted as a government measure. Gladstone admitted that he had made an agreement to exclude the Heads of Colleges from the bill's provisions; H cci. 1949–51. Cf. Gladstone to Benjamin Jowett, 13 June 1870, G.D., vii. 306.Google Scholar

284 181:113. H cci. 1966–7, for the amendment.

285 Motion withdrawn.

286 His resolution that no opposed business should be brought on after midnight was raised on 21 June, but withdrawn; H ccii. 704–6.

287 The 1867 Reform act provided that the cities of Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds and Glasgow, together with certain counties, should each return 3 members. In such constituencies, electors could only cast two votes.

288 A supporter of proportional representation, who favoured the extension of the minority clauses; H ccii. 149–57.

289 In fact there had been a mistake, and the bill should have been rejected on the first division; Ossington, Journal, 257–8.Google Scholar

290 Voluntary schools were to be financially supported only by State grants, and not out of the rates; and Cowper-Temple's clause, proposing that religious instruction in Board Schools should exclude any ‘catechism or religious formulary distinctive of any particular denomination’, was adopted. H ccii. 266–85. For the background to these changes, see Parry, J.P., Democracy and Religion: Gladstone and the Liberal Party, 1867–1875 (Cambridge, 1986), 303–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

291 Trelawny is referring to the changes made by two orders-in-council, the first, of 4 June, introducing competitive examinations for entrance to parts of the civil service, the second, signed by the Queen on 28 June, regulating the position of the commander-in-chief.

292 T.D., 22 and 24 Mar. 1865.

293 Since 1833.

294 Opposing any increase in State grants to denominational schools, favouring a national system of elementary education with compulsory attendance, and urging that religious instruction should be left to the voluntary efforts of the religious denominations; H ccii. 495–510.

295 163:106.

296 By Clare Sewell Read.

297 No evidence for this. There were Cabinet meetings on 18 and 23 June, as well as ‘smaller and larger conclaves respecting Land Bill’; G.D., vii. 310–13.Google Scholar

298 Against Richard's motion, continued from 20 June.

299 His Lords Spiritual bill, to remove bishops from the House of Lords, was defeated by 158:102 on 21 June. Trelawny had paired for the bill with C.H. Mills.

300 Amendment to clause 10 that twenty householders (rather than a majority of ratepayers) could apply for a School Board to be set up; H ccii. 1225–6. Defeated, 249:63.

301 252:95; H ccii. 1236–44.

302 250:81; H ccii. 1265–7.

303 251:130 against the amendment to prohibit teaching ‘in favour of or against the distinctive tenets of any religious denomination’; H ccii. 1270–1. Gladstone argued that the effect of this would be ‘to introduce a new kind of State religion’; H ccii. 1280–2. 133 Liberals abstained from the division and only 91 non-government Liberals voted with Ministers, but ‘132 Conservatives ensured government victory’; Parry, , Democracy and Religion, 306.Google Scholar

304 257:32; H ccii. 1308–10.

305 Provided for in clause 25 of the bill.

306 The Foreign Secretary had died on 27 June, and was succeeded by Lord Granville.

307 Forster retained his post as Vice-President of the Council; Halifax became Lord Privy Seal in place of Lord Kimberley, who succeeded Granville at the Colonial Office.

308 Complaining that the rule that a quorum of 40 members was required for proceedings to continue was making it difficult for private members motions; H ccii. 1365–6.

309 Fridays had changed from being government nights to supply nights, which enabled M.P.s to raise issues of their choice in the form of amendments to the main motion; see White, William, The Inner Life of the House of Commons (ed. Justin McCarthy, 1897), ii. 191–3.Google Scholar

310 Agreed without a division.

311 It was; H cci. 1338.

312 Macrae, David, The Americans at Home (Edinburgh, 1870).Google Scholar

313 Raised on 11 July; H cciii. 30–1. Cardwell, the War Secretary, confirmed that the commander-in-chief was exempted from section 106 of the Royal warrant.

314 2nd reading of the Poaching Prevention act repeal bill, defeated 140:62.

315 P.P. 1845, xii. 331; 1846, ix. 1.

316 i.e. Grey.

317 109:64 for the 2nd reading, but it proceeded no further.

318 T.D., 23 and 24 July 1862.

319 The amendment was defeated, 273:88.

320 Sir Thomas Bazley's amendment to clause 65, defeated 230:92; H ccii. 1716–17.

321 Smith moved that no public buildings should be erected on that part of the embankment which was reserved to the crown and which had been reclaimed from the river at the ratepayer's expense; H ccii. 1752–8. Amendment carried, 156:106, the government's defeat ‘not averted by Gladstone's angry & unconciliatory speech’; G.H.D., 9 07 1870.Google Scholar

322 He had resigned as a Lord of the Admiralty because of his opposition to the Education bill.

323 Hostile speeches by Candlish and Dixon; H cciii. 66–7.

324 Which was eventually withdrawn.

325 Irish Chief Secretary.

326 2nd reading of the Permissive Prohibitory bill, empowering ratepayers to close down public houses.

327 Home Secretary.

328 143:54 against Goldney's superfluous amendment; H cciii. 192. The bill was later withdrawn.

329 Bartellot defeated, 244:136.

330 Against Hope's amendment; H cciii. 296. Cf. The Times, 15 07 1870, 8.Google Scholar

331 It has been suggested that the government was seeking to placate the radicals after having dropped the Parliamentary Elections bill; Kinzer, , Ballot Question, 141–4Google Scholar. In the event, the House of Lords struck out the ballot clause from the Education bill.

332 i.e. at a quarter to six. The bill did not come on again. See H cciii. 574–607 for an account of the debate as far as it could be ascertained: the extent of Trelawny's contribution to this report is unknown.

333 Gladstone declared his support for Leatham's Ballot bill, which was given its and reading without a division; H cciii. 1028–34. No further progress made.

334 Gladstone had changed his mind on the subject in 1868, when he had been anxious to secure John Blight's adhesion to his new government; Kinzer, , Ballot Question, 146–7.Google Scholar

335 See above, 27 Apr. 1870.

336 Probably either C.P. Villiers or Thomas Milner Gibson.

337 See above, 13 July 1870.

338 On 2 Aug. parliament voted for a £2 million credit and 20,000 extra troops; H cciii. 1300.

339 Royal assent, 9 Aug.

340 The Home Secretary's speech mentioned, inter alia, a Licensing bill, a Trade Union bill and a Mines Regulation bill; H cciii. 1734–5.

341 All were prominent radicals.

342 On 9 Aug. Britain had signed a treaty with Prussia reaffirming the neutrality of Belgium (as guaranteed by the treaty of 1839), and stating that if either Prussia or France violated this neutrality Britain would intervene with the other in order to defend Belgium. B.F.S.P., lx. 13–17. A similar treaty with France was signed on 11 Aug.: B.F.S.P., lx. 10–13.

343 Gladstone's Cabinet notes of 2 Nov. 1870 and 25 Jan. 1871 show the government's intentions for an ambitious legislative programme; G.D., vii. 390, 438. The latter note listed five issues as of prime importance: abolition of University Tests; abolition of the Ecclesiastical Titles act; an Army Regulation bill; a Ballot bill, and a Trade Union bill.

344 Arguing that government economies in the armed forces had rendered Britain impotent in Europe; H cciv. 70–96.

345 A dowry of £30,000 and an annuity of £6,000, on her marriage to the Marquis of Lorne.

346 The Home Secretary's Trades Union bill, giving legal recognition to unions, received the Royal assent on 29 June, along with a Criminal Law amendment bill containing provisions regarding peaceful picketing which were originally in the Trades Union bill; P.P. 1871, vi. 267; i. 347.

347 The Home undersecretary's Inclosure Law amendment bill was later withdrawn; the Attorney General's repeal bill received the Royal assent on 24 July.

348 West Briton, 10 01 1851, 45.Google Scholar

349 The Army Regulation bill, re-organising the army (particularly the reserve forces) and abolishing the purchase of commissions; Gallagher, Thomas F., ‘“Cardwellian Mysteries”: The Fate of the Army Regulation Bill, 1871’, Historical Journal, xviii (1975), 327–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

350 Peel challenged Gladstone's claim that William IV had received more for the civil list than Queen Victoria; H cciv. 367–8.

351 Lorne was the eldest son of the Duke of Argyll, the Secretary of State for India.

352 i.e. Taylor's.

353 General Storks had been brought into parliament to assist the government in passing its army reforms. His earlier attempts to gain election to the Commons were hampered by the hostile campaigns against him by opponents of the Contagious Diseases acts; Hanham, H J., Elections and Party Management: Politics in the Time of Disraeli and Gladstone (2nd ed., Brighton, 1978), 218–20.Google Scholar

354 In Nov. 1870, of which Trelawny was a member; McHugh, Paul, Prostitution and Victorian Social Reform (London, 1980), 60–4.Google Scholar

355 Divinity students could still be required to subscribe to a religious formulary; H cciv. 500–1.

356 The majority included 112 Conservatives, and only 31 British Liberal backbenchers; Parry, J.P., Democracy and Religion: Gladstone and the Liberal Party, 1867–1875 (Cambridge, 1986), 308CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Fawcett's amendment only applied to clerical fellowships.

357 The bill finally passed; Royal assent 16 June.

358 That military re-organisation must include an alteration in the tenure of the commander-in-chief (the Duke of Cambridge, the Queen's cousin); H cciv. 590–612.

359 Whose resolutions were defeated, 201:83.

360 Plimsoll withdrew his bill; however the government's Merchant Shipping bill, introduced on 13 Feb., was also subsequently dropped.

361 In Oct. 1870 Russia had seized the opportunity afforded by the Franco-Prussian war to denounce the clauses of the Treaty of Paris (1856) which excluded her warships from the Black Sea. A conference of the European Powers in London, in Jan. 1871, effectively accepted Russia's action, agreeing to the abrogation of the Black sea clauses; B.F.S.P. lvi. 1193–1227.

362 Gladstone defended his assertion, made in the debate on the Address, that the two dead Liberal statesmen had believed that the Black sea clauses could be no more than temporary; H cciv. 854–65.

363 A separate issue. Robinson had resigned as controller of the navy and third sea lord after a dispute with the first lord, Childers. Gladstone asked Robinson to change the date of his minute to the day after his resignation, so that there would be no formal difficulty about publishing it. Their correspondence was printed in The Times, 16 02 1871, 10.Google Scholar

364 See above, 20 Feb.

365 Russell was a special envoy to the German army at Versailles. Gladstone denied that he had thrown him over; H cciv. 854–65.

366 The committee was to inquire into the agrarian conspiracy, known as ribbonism, in County Westmeath and adjoining areas; H cciv. 989–1000. Harrington, the Irish Chief Secretary, had originally proposed on 23 Feb. that the committee should take evidence in private. Both Harrington and the Lord Lieutenant, Spencer, had favoured immediate legislative action, but this was resisted by Gladstone; G.D. vii. 449–50.

367 Lopes wanted an inquiry into the incidence of local and imperial taxation so as to ensure an equal burden for different types of property; H cciv. 1037–61.

368 For the 2nd reading of Osborne Morgan's annual bill.

369 See above, 27 Feb.

370 In Disraeli's ministry, Sept.–Dec. 1868.

380 The vote was 256:175 in favour of a committee. Disraeli and some 50–60 Conservative M.P.s walked out in order to save the government from a possible defeat; Disraeli to Northcote, 10 Mar. 1871, in Monypenny, W.F. and Buckle, G.E., Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield (1929 ed.), ii. 478–9Google Scholar. Following the committee's report, on 31 Mar., the government introduced a Protection of Life and Property bill, suspending Habeas Corpus in Westmeath and surrounding areas; Royal assent 16 June. P.P. 1871, iv. 701.

372 Amendment to the supply motion, that civil engineers need not have been educated at government colleges; H cciv. 1326–30.

373 Colonel Loyd Lindsay's amendment to the 2nd reading of the Army Regulation bill, that in the light of recent additional defence expenditure it was unjustified to vote public money for the abolition of purchase; H cciv. 1397–1415. Lindsay put the cost of abolition at £12 millions, compared with the government's estimate of £8 millions.

374 George Young.

375 Against the 2nd reading. The government introduced its own Game Laws amendment bill on 9 Mar., but it was later dropped.

376 Against Hunt's motion that the chairman leave the chair. The bill was rejected by the House of Lords.

377 i.e. salaries from office of members of both Houses of Parliament; H cciv. 1985–90. Negatived.

378 The trade union leader; an opponent of the acts.

379 On the Army Regulation bill.

380 See above, 6 Mar. On the Conservative side, it appears that ‘few liked Lindsay's amendment & our party wd. have mustered badly’; G.H.D., 17 03 1871.Google Scholar

381 Her tone had been aggressive and hysterical; McHugh, Prostitution, 64–5.Google Scholar

382 Amendment to the supply motion, that no further appointments should be made unless they involved active command of a regiment; H ccv. 274–9.

383 The law of distress allowed for the seizure of chattels in order to recover a debt; the law of hypothec gave a prior claim to the landlord for his rent over the crops and stock of the tenant farmer.

384 George Young.

385 Asserting that the bill would set a precedent for the abolition of the law of distress; H ccv. 430–5.

386 This was negatived, and the 2nd reading of the bill defeated, 186:105, with many English county members voting against it.

387 And both were defeated.

388 During the debate on Mundella's amendment.

389 Vivian, the Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall, was at loggerheads with the War office. He had differed from the diarist's brother, H.R. Trelawny, over the date for the militia's manoeuvres, and had sought his removal. H ccv. 734–7. Motion negatived.

390 H ccv. 894–918; regretting the government's agreement to the London conference at which the Black sea clauses of the Treaty of Paris had been abrogated. Gathorne Hardy seems to have suspected that ‘Disraeli secretly egged on the movement’; G.H.D., 31 Mar. 1871.

391 P.P. 1871, ix. I.

392 It also provoked a storm of protest from the drink interest, fearing that publican's licences would be withdrawn; Harrison, Brian, Drink and the Victorians (1971), 263–8.Google Scholar

393 4 July 1845; H lxxxii. 25–6.

394 The House had adjourned for Easter on 4 Apr., resuming on the 17th.

395 Lowe offered to allow the commutation of pensions for those whose posts had been abolished; H ccv. 1256–8.

396 H ccv. 1272–8, for Gladstone's offer of an inquiry into what could be done.

397 Robinson, the former controller of the navy and third sea lord, had been opposed to the mode of construction of the ‘Captain’, which had sunk in the Bay of Biscay in Sept. 1870.

398 Against the motion for a select committee of inquiry.

399 The Local Taxation bill was an ambitious scheme, summarised by one historian as follows: ‘A single local rating authority and one single consolidated rate were to be substituted for the many that existed before. New Parochial and County Boards were to become the organs of local government, posing a threat to the existing structure of landed hegemony in the Countryside.’ Offer, Avner, Property and Politics, 1870–1914 (Cambridge, 1981), 177–9.Google Scholar

400 P.P. 1845, xii. 331; 1846, ix. 1.

401 2nd reading defeated, 172:49.

402 Hardcastle's plan would have made game the property of the occupier, so that poaching would be regarded as common theft; H ccv. 1364–6.

403 106:37 for Craufurd's adjournment motion. Gladstone's Cabinet note of 3 Mar. 1871 reads: ‘Game Laws. 2R M'Lagan's bill. Not to object. Proposed reference of Bills including our own to a Committee’. G.D., vii. 458. This was the course adopted, but no legislation resulted.

404 The Times, 21 04 1871, 9Google Scholar. In order to cover an anticipated deficit arising from the costs of army reform and extra military expenditure, Lowe added id. to the income tax, imposed a tax of 1/2d. on small boxes of matches and id. on larger ones, and doubled the succession duties to 2% in cases where the heir was the eldest son; H ccv. 1391–1419.

405 The 1st resolution, regarding the match duties, was passed, 201:44.

406 Opposing additional taxation; H ccv. 1585–93.

407 By the matchgirls' demonstration organised by Bryant and May. The government now dropped both the match duties and the increased succession duties, and instead put 2d. on the income tax. Winter, James, Robert Lowe (Toronto, 1976), 274–8.Google Scholar

408 197:96 for the supply amendment; H ccv. 1852–8. Cf. G.D., vii. 487: ‘… circumstances of much indignity’.

409 Against the increase in income tax; H ccv. 1937–43.

410 Ill-health affected Trelawny's attendance for the remainder of this session.

411 2nd reading of the Women's Disabilities bill, extending the parliamentary franchise to female householders.

412 In 1868; Edwin Chadwick was defeated.

413 Saying that the government had no view on the matter, that personally he was against it, but even this was expressed ambiguously; H ccvi. 88–95.

414 Trelawny mistakenly gave the minority as 157.

415 Government chief whip.

416 The whole measure was later dropped.

417 Recommended by the recent select committee; P.P. 1871, ix. 1.

418 The resolution was for disestablishment in England, Scotland and Wales; H ccvi. 474–97.

419 i.e. against Miall.

420 President of the Local Government Board.

421 E.B. Willyams, the other member for East Cornwall; Trelawny was absent ill.

422 In fact, the government chief whip reported to Gladstone that the House had misunderstood Stansfeld's intention, which was ‘to protest agst a division being taken without discussion’; Glyn to Gladstone, 10 May 1871, B.L. Add MSS 44348, fo. 94.

423 Amendment in committee to clause 2 of the Army Regulation bill, seeking to restrict compensation for the abolition of purchased commissions to the official, ‘regulation’ price; H ccvi. 811–16.

424 Three time-wasting amendments to clause 3, relating to compensation for officers.

425 The adjournment motion was defeated, 87:57, but the Home Secretary then agreed to it after Tom Collins moved to adjourn the House (which, if passed, would have killed the bill). The bill received the Royal assent on 21 Aug.

426 Committee stage of the bill to suspend Habeas Corpus in County Westmeath and surrounding areas; the minorities in the three divisions numbered 7, 8 and 11.

427 White's motion urged that priority be given to reducing indirect taxes; H ccvi. 1436–43, withdrawn. Lowe's speech, reasserting the principle that the working classes must pay their share of taxes, was published in pamphlet form: Lowe, R., ‘The National Debt Speech … on the 2nd of June 1871’, (1871).Google Scholar

428 He was suffering from a fever, 28 May–4 June; G.D., vii. 502–4.

429 On the Army Regulation bill, in committee. Trelawny mistakenly wrote that there were 2 motions.

430 See above, 27 July 1870. Disraeli pointed to the delay in passing the Irish Protection of Life and Property bill, while the government was pressing its Ballot bill which, he argued, was not urgent; H ccvi. 1587–92.

431 H ccvi. 1601–2.

432 In committee.

433 The bill provided for compensation to officers on the basis of the unofficial price paid in practice for commissions, rather than the ‘regulation price’.

434 An analysis of the evidence given to the Royal Commission; P.P. 1871, xix. 33.

435 Who were obstructing the Army Regulation bill.

436 Lord Chancellor Hatherley's expected Judicature bill had not been introduced.

437 Two new puisne judges were added to the judicial committee of the privy council; G.D., vii. (17 June 1871 and note).

438 The former radical M.P. and historian (1794–1871); a friend of the diarist.

439 Lord G. Hamilton's proposed clause to the Army Regulation bill; H ccvii. 275–81.

440 2nd Reading passed, 147:119; defeated on 26 June.

441 Opposing the bill to ban the opening of public houses; H ccvii. 380–3.

442 H ccvii. 402–4; defeated 254:145. The vacancies arose from the disfranchisement of Beverley, Bridgwater, Cashel and Sligo, for corrupt practices.

443 The chief commissioner of works and buildings, dealing with the civil service estimates in committee of supply.

444 2nd Reading of West's Parish Churches bill; withdrawn. It sought to prevent bishops in future from appropriating pews for the use of landowners and others at the expense of ordinary parishioners. Osborne Morgan's annual Burials bill was in committee, but never completed this stage.

445 Amendment to the supply motion calling for action against the East African slave trade; H ccvii. 952–5. Withdrawn after the offer of a select committee of inquiry.

446 Beresford Hope, of Dutch extraction, was a heavy, clumsy figure. Disraeli had once referred (in 1867) to the ‘Batavian grace’ of his invective, which took the sting out of it; Monypenny and Buckle, Disraeli, ii. 265.Google Scholar

447 121:76 for the 2nd Reading, but no further progress.

448 See above, 24 May 1870.

449 George Young.

450 Sir Robert Collier.

451 The Times, 7 07 1871, 5, 9.Google Scholar

452 154:63 against Newdegate.

453 His amendment, to continue nomination meetings, passed 296:183; H ccvii. 1259–64.

454 P.P., 1871, xix. 1, for the anodyne report recommending that the regulation of prostitutes be continued, but not the periodic medical examinations. There were seven minority reports; Trelawny signed the one by Pakington which defended the periodic examination of prostitutes; McHugh, Prostitution, 65–8.Google Scholar

455 210:134 and 240:142 respectively.

456 To prevent the Parliamentary Elections bill coming on; negatived.

457 118:115 for Charley's amendment, in committee on the New Mint Building site bill, that the chairman leave the chair.

458 Who defeated the amendment, 201:177.

459 :55:130 against the 2nd Reading, that day.

460 Chairman of committees.

461 Announced in the House of Lords by Granville; H ccviii. 2–9.

462 The Times, 21 07 1871, 9.Google Scholar

463 The Times, 21 07 1871, 12.Google Scholar

464 It was considered at a Cabinet meeting that day; G.D. viii. 12.

465 Dixon's amendment that the allowance be reduced to £10,000 per annum was defeated, 289:51; Gladstone's original motion for £15,000 was then carried, 276:11.

466 A reference to the growing impatience with the Queen's seclusion from public life since the death of Prince Albert in 1861.

467 The bill was later rejected by the House of Lords on the grounds that it had been sent up to them so late in the session.

468 The previous day, the Lords had passed Richmond's censure motion condemning the government's action in using a Royal warrant to abolish the purchase of army commissions as an ‘interposition of the Executive during the progress of a measure submitted to Parliament’; H ccviii. 455–63.

469 On 8 Nov. 1871 the Cabinet considered far-reaching changes including restrictions on factious adjournments, the clôture, and Grand Committees; G.D. viii. 59. But see below, 26 Feb. 1872, for the result.

470 His amendment to the 2nd Reading of the Military Manoeuvres bill, criticising the War Office administration; H ccviii. 1337–41. The 2nd Reading was eventually agreed without a division.

471 Motion for a select committee; withdrawn. The ‘Captain’ was a newly-designed turret ship which had sunk in the Bay of Biscay, in Sept. 1870, with the loss of 500 men. Sadler, Stanley, “In Deference to Public Opinion”: The Loss of H.M.S. Captain’, Mariner's Mirror, lix (1973), 5768.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

472 The former Liberal minister had lost his seat in 1868, and never returned to the Commons.

473 William Fowler's motion to reduce the army estimates by £3,793, defeated 65:44; H ccviii. 1616–20.

474 Having abolished the purchase of army commissions by Royal warrant, the government was able to reintroduce its Army Regulation bill which had to be passed by the Lords if any compensation was to be given to officers. Royal assent, 17 Aug.

475 By the treaty of Washington, 8 May 1871, the British and U.S. governments had agreed to submit a number of disputes between the two countries to independent arbitrators at Geneva. B.F.S.P. LXI 4056Google Scholar. The most important of these disputes involved the American claim of compensation for the damage inflicted on Federal shipping by the ‘Alabama’, a warship supplied from Britain to the Confederates during the American civil war. It later became clear, however, that die Americans intended to revive their ‘indirect claims’ for damages, i.e. that they should also receive compensation for the undue prolongation of the civil war allegedly caused by Britain's action. The British government denied that the indirect claims were admissible under the treaty of Washington. Cook, Adrian, The “Alabama” Claims: American Politics and Anglo-American Relations, 1865–1872 (Cornell University Press, 1975).Google Scholar

476 The Northern division of the West Riding of Yorkshire, where the Conservative candidate won by 54 votes. The abortive Licensing bill of the previous year had provoked great hostility towards the government on the part of the drink interest. The Times, 5 02 1872, 8.Google Scholar

477 i.e. whether die treaty covered the indirect claims.

478 In a speech at Newcastle, Dilke had criticised me cost of the monarchy; The Times, 6 11 1871, 6.Google Scholar

479 Speaker Denison had informed Gladstone that the strain of the previous session had been too much for him; 24 Nov. 1871, B.L. Add MSS 44261, fo. 322.

480 He had been passed over for the vacant post, which was offered to H.B. Brand, a former Liberal chief whip.

481 Reference unclear.

482 The government had decided to repeal the acts of 1866 and 1869, and rely on other existing laws to deal with brothels; see Gladstone's Cabinet note, 15 July 1871, G.D. viii. 7–8.

483 Not recorded in Hansard; presumably the objection was that the bill's sponsor was not present.

484 Unidentified.

485 Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury; Lord Chancellor 1861–5.

486 Which passed, 179:108; but Osborne Morgan's annual bill, to permit Dissenters' burial services in Anglican churchyards, again failed to complete its passage through the Commons.

487 Sir Robert Collier, formerly Attorney General, had been appointed a judge of common pleas solely in order to qualify him for an appointment to the judicial committee of the privy council. Lord Stanhope's resolution, regretting this procedure as a violation of the spirit of the rules governing appointments to the judicial committee (which required a judicial qualification), was defeated by 88:87; H ccix. 376–88.

488 R.A. Cross moved the same resolution as Lord Stanhope's.

489 Moving an amendment that there was no cause for censure; H ccix. 677–95. This was carried, 268:241.

490 See Rodger, N.A.M., ‘The Dark Ages of the Admiralty, 1869–85, part 1’, Mariner's Mirror, lxi (1975), 331–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

491 Government chief whip.

492 2nd reading of Thomas Chambers' annual bill carried, 186:138.

493 The Attorney General, Sir John Coleridge, had been counsel for the defence in the celebrated case of Tichborne v. Lushington; Annual Register, 1872, part 2, 239–50.Google Scholar

494 Requiring all members to attend unless they had been given leave of absence.

495 The Royal Parks and Gardens bill, to regulate public meetings, in committee; Goldsmid's motion to report progress defeated, 140:24.

496 The Times, 24 02 1872, 9Google Scholar. Hardy accused Gladstone of having incited the Hyde Park riot of 1866. His diary records that his speech ‘caused such an explosion of passion & temper from Gladstone as even he has seldom exhibited. Constant storms followed. His abuse of me amused me a good deal more than hurt me. He could scarcely get it out for rage. What a leader of the House’; G.H.D., 23 02 1872.Google Scholar

497 Lowe carried his resolution to facilitate the passing of the Estimates, by avoiding debates on the motion to enter into committee of supply on Mondays, 132:92; H ccix. 1058–61. Selwin-Ibbetson's call for a select committee was defeated, 152:120.

498 Not specified in the debate.

499 Government chief whip.

500 The subject does not appear to have been discussed in Cabinet since 3 Feb.; G.D. viii. 106.

501 H ccix. 1221–38.

502 Against the motion. Trelawny mistakenly gave the figure for the minority as 113.

503 Hinde Palmer's motion for the irregular procedure, H ccix. 1318, defeated 170:122. Dodson, the chairman of committees, argued that such a committee would be partisan. The bill was a private one, empowering the Metropolitan Board of Works to borrow £2.5 millions to build a new street between Old Street, Shoreditch, and Oxford Street.

504 Dixon's 6 resolutions criticising the operation of the 1870 Education act, especially the failure in many areas to have School Boards set up, and the use of public money to support denominational schools; H ccix. 1395–1407. Defeated 355:94. Forster's amendment, urging that it was too soon to assess the working of the act; H ccix. 1418–38, carried by 323:98.

505 The National Education League, based in Birmingham, which led the opposition to the 1870 act.

506 Osborne Morgan's resolution that county court judges in Welsh-speaking areas should speak the Welsh language; H ccix. 1648–58. Withdrawn. Prompted by the appointment of the non-Welsh speaking Cox to the mid-Wales circuit.

507 A long debate on the appointment of the Revd. William Harvey as rector of Ewelme, in Oxfordshire. By statute, the rector had to be a member of the Oxford University convocation, but Harvey was a Cambridge graduate: Gladstone had therefore arranged from him to be made a member of the Oxford convocation in order to qualify him. This episode raised similar doubts about Gladstone's methods to those raised in the recent Collier case; see above, 15 and 19 Feb.

508 Holms' amendment to reduce the army by 20,000 was defeated, 234:63, and Muntz's proposed 10,000 reduction by 216:67; Lea's amendment to omit the item for agencies was lost, 87:43. The Estimates amounted to £5,238,000.

509 Wedderburn wanted a select committee. Gladstone's Cabinet memorandum of 9 Mar. notes obliquely, ‘Wedderburn's motion: act for the best’; G.D. viii. 122.

510 Salt's Public Worship Facilities bill, allowing bishops to licence clergy to perform certain services in e.g. school rooms. 122:93 for the 2nd reading, but later withdrawn.

511 265:108 against Gregory's amendment to prevent nominations being made without the candidates' consent; H cciv. 1956.

512 Defeated, 362:54.

513 The Game Laws, (5th ed., 1866)Google Scholar. No bill was prepared, but Trelawny's concern about this subject reflected constituency pressure for action: see his speech at Liskeard, The Times, 9 01 1872, 5Google Scholar. Trelawny's own position was that he was prepared to give tenants control over game on their holdings, but he was against abolishing all penalties for poaching. The audience at Liskeard seems to have favoured total abolition of the game laws.

514 P.P. 1870, viii. 715.

515 P.P. 1845, xii. 331; 1846, ix. 1.

516 Motion for returns; H ccx. 251–91.

517 276 voted against him. Dillwyn's earlier motion to adjourn the House (defeated 261:23), by forcing a division, had made it possible for strangers to return.

518 The Times, 20 03 1872, 9Google Scholar. Cf. Speaker Brand to Gladstone, 20 Mar. 1872, expressing concern at the ‘turbulent proceedings’; B.L. Add MSS 44194, fo. 143.

519 The main target of the disorderly conduct during the previous day's debate.

520 Who had customarily spoken against Palmerston at each election; Hon. Ashley, E., Life of Viscount Palmerston, 1846–65 (1876), ii. 151–3.Google Scholar

521 Government chief whip.

522 There was no bill. The chairman of committees' 1st resolution, that the private legislation system ‘requires reform’, was agreed; H ccx. 507.

523 Senior was an eminent economist; the others were members of the medical profession. For the surgeon, F.C. Skey, see McHugh, Paul, Prostitution and Vwtorian Social Reform (1980), 3842.Google Scholar

524 H ccx. 603–27. With a large surplus in hand, Lowe took 2d. off the income tax and gave extra relief to those on incomes under £300 per annum.

525 94:21 for the 2nd reading of the bill to abolish religious tests at Trinity College, Dublin.

526 Having adjourned for Easter on 26 Mar.

527 78:35 against the morion to reduce national expenditure; H ccx. 735–47.

528 2nd reading passed, 89:37; Royal assent 6 Aug.

529 The 2nd reading of the Public Health bill was passed without a division.

530 Parliamentary Elections bill, in committee. Lowther's amendment allowing postal votes, H ccx. 914–16, defeated 81:36; Bentinck's to omit candidates' names from the ballot paper, H ccx. 926, defeated 143:99; Gregory's for numbered ballot papers, H ccx. 932–3, defeated 166:126.

531 A government minister who had come out in favour of repeal in a speech at Halifax; The Times, 4 Apr. 1872, 12.

532 The new chairman of committees and his predecessor opposed Hinde Palmer's motion that petitions by London ratepayers against the Metropolitan Streets improvement bill be heard by the select committee; H ccx. 955–6. Defeated 150:108.

533 But he was beaten, 103:81; H ccx. 992–1004.

534 In the case of private bills introduced by representative bodies like the Metropolitan Board of works, those represented by that body had no right to petition against such bills. But Gladstone had questioned whether the MBW was really a representative body, as it was not elected by the ratepayers; H ccx. 964–5. There was strong opposition to the bill from London M.P.s, and it made no further progress.

535 A ship used for transporting seamen to Australia, which had run aground in June 1871. A court martial in Nov. 1871 exonerated Captain Thrupp, and the general view was that the Admiralty was to blame for sending out an unseaworthy vessal; Annual Register, 1871, appendix, 243–6.Google Scholar

536 Whose husband, the Viceroy of India, had been murdered in Feb.

537 3 June 1845; H lxxx. 1374–80.

538 Osborne withdrew his motion on 18 Apr. after receiving assurances from Gladstone; H ccx. 1479–81.

539 202:126 against Bentinck's amendment to omit ‘secretly’ from clause 2; H ccx. 1091.

540 The government had prepared its counter-case to the ‘indirect claims’ made by the U.S. government; H ccx. 1144–9.

541 That Britain should withdraw from all treaties binding her to military intervention; H ccx. 1151–7, defeated by 126:21.

542 Committed to a select committee of which Trelawny was a member; H ccx. 214–21. The bill was to replace the Truck act of 1831, with the same object of ensuring money payments to labourers.

543 Leatham, backed by Forster, had moved an amendment imposing penalties on those who revealed their vote; Harcourt moved an amendment to this replacing the word ‘wilfully’ with ‘with corrupt intent’, and this was carried, 167:166; H ccx. 1292–5.

544 259:159 for the resolution to relieve owners and occupiers of the burden of local taxation for charges such as the police and the administration of justice, which were beyond local control; H ccx. 1331–55. 37 Liberal M.P.s voted with Lopes; Parry, J.P., Democracy and Religan: Gladstone and the Liberal Party, 1867–1875 (Cambridge, 1986), 351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

545 Agreeing that relief to ratepayers was desirable, and that rates for new objects should be shared equitably between owners and occupiers, as in Scotland and Ireland; H ccx. 1355–69.

546 The Times, 18 04 1872, 11Google Scholar, criticising Gladstone's failure to recognise the discontent of ratepayers, and pointing to the ominously large number of Liberal absentees from the division on Lopes' resolution.

547 In the debate continued from the 15th, Leatham's amendment was defeated 274:246. Trelawny was one of 37 Liberals in the majority, another 70 were absent unpaired; Kinzer, Bruce L., The Ballot Question in Nineteenth Century English Politics (New York, 1982), 210.Google Scholar

548 He joined the government in Oct. 1873.

549 3rd reading of the Royal Parks and Gardens bill, passed 114:19; Royal assent 27 June.

550 Eykyn proceeded to introduce an Offences Against Women and Children bill, imposing punishment by whipping for certain offences; H ccx. 1798, no progress made.

551 To repeal clause 25 of the 1870 Education act, which allowed School Boards to pay the fees of pauper children so that they could attend denominational schools; H ccx. 1714–18, defeated 316:115. The majority contained 188 Conservatives, 42 Irish Liberals, and only 67 non-official Liberals; Parry, , Democracy and Religion, 337.Google Scholar

552 He complained about the government's failure to unreservedly support his bill to abolish religious tests in Trinity College Dublin; H ccx. 1813–22. Bill withdrawn. Ministers had wanted to divide the bill, accepting the abolition of tests, but opposing the clauses relating to the government of Trinity College Dublin, and they had threatened to make the issue one of confidence; Parry, , Democracy and Religion, 344–8.Google Scholar

553 148:70.

554 He was blind.

555 2nd reading of the Women's Disabilities Removal bill defeated, 222:143.

556 Both opposing the bill; H ccxi. 66–8, 34–7.

557 Amendment to the Scottish Education bill, for retaining the existing system of religious instruction in publicly funded schools; H ccxi. 288–302, carried 216:209. For the government's mishandling of the debate and division, see G.H.D., 7 05 1872.Google Scholar

558 The Scottish Education bill (Royal assent, 6 Aug.) was a blow to the National Education League's campaign for non-denominational education; G.I.T. Machin, Politics and the Churches in Great Britain, 1869–1921 (Oxford, 1987), 51.

559 52:47 against the government chief whip's motion. Glyn complained to Gladstone that ‘It was a most unfair proceeding on the part of the Radicals’, who had forced a division which Bouverie had not intended; 8 May [1872], B.L. Add MSS 44348 fo. 166.

560 Sir F. Heygate's motion was defeated, 369:15; the bill was later withdrawn.

561 The Times, 9 05 1872, 9.Google Scholar

562 The Parliamentary and Municipal Elections bill, in committee.

563 349:82 against the amendment; H ccxi. 511–12.

564 253:177 for retaining clause 1.

565 H ccxi. 550, for Forster's plan of variable closing times according to the time of year.

566 183:168 against the amendment, H ccxi. 557–8, which was contrary to the principle of secret voting, and probably merely intended as a delaying tactic.

567 See The Times, 13 05 1872, 8.Google Scholar

568 The under-secretary.

569 The Foreign Secretary was listening to Gladstone's account of the fact that the supplemental article to the treaty of Washington, whereby the U.S. was to drop her ‘indirect claims’ for damages in return for a pledge that Britain would not make such claims in any analagous case in future, had been referred to the U.S. Senate for approval; H ccxi. 654–63.

570 The House having adjourned for Whitsun on 13 May.

571 Defeating the bill, which had originated in the House of Lords, by 172:153 on the 2nd reading.

572 It now appeared that the U.S. government would not agree to the supplemental article; Granville to Gladstone, 29 May 1872, in Ramm, Agatha (ed), The Political Correspondence of Mr. Gladstone and Lord Granville, 1868–1876 (Royal Historical Society, Camden Third Series, LXXXI–II, 1952), ii. 328–9.Google Scholar

573 The Public Health bill did finally receive the Royal assent on 10 Aug.

574 Government chief whip.

575 P.P. 1859 (2), xvii. 7, 9.

576 Not reported in The Times. Trelawny shortly afterwards resigned his interest in this subject to another Cornish member, Pendarves Vivian.

577 See below, 12 June.

578 On local taxation; see above, 16 Apr.

579 See above, 15 Mar. 1870.

580 Henry Lopes.

581 The Mines Dues bill received its 2nd reading on 14 June, but was later withdrawn. See The Times, 12 06 1872, 9Google Scholar, for the meeting of the Cornwall mines assessment committee at Truro. It was noted that in the recent case of ‘Guest v. the overseers of the Parish of East Deane’, in the court of Queen's Bench, the ruling had been that the mine surface (buildings, machinery etc) were liable to rates. If mineral dues were also to be liable, therefore, the result would be double rating.

582 The previous day, Gladstone had stated mat there was no agreement on the supplemental article; H ccxi. 1589–90.

583 Moving the rejection of the 2nd reading in the upper House, on 10 June; H ccxi. 1427–37.

584 On the Scottish Education bill, designed to protect the rights of denominational schools to public funding; H ccxi. 1744. Carried by 203:109.

585 Following the Galway by-election. The Home Rule candidate, Captain Nolan, had won the election, but he was unseated on the grounds that the Roman Catholic clergy had intimidated voters, and the seat awarded to Trench instead. Hoppen, K.T., Elections, Politics and Society in Ireland, 1832–1885, (Oxford, 1984), 158.Google Scholar

586 Passing a number of amendments during the committee stage; Kinzer, , Ballot Question, 213–30.Google Scholar

587 Helping to defeat the 2nd reading of the Imprisonment for Debt abolition bill, by 136:34.

588 Government chief whip.

589 On Newdegate's motion fixing a date for his Monastic and Conventual Institutions bill; H ccxi. 2030. He was defeated.

590 On the parliamentary count-outs; H ccxi. 1992.

591 His famous speech to the Conservative National Union; The Times, 25 06 1872, 7.Google Scholar

592 See above, 12 June.

593 The Real Estates Titles bill.

594 Helping to defeat the and reading, 177:116.

595 H ccxii. 293–8, for Gladstone's statement. The U.S. had accepted the Geneva arbitrators decision to rule out the indirect claims.

596 Cf. Gladstone's Cabinet note, 26 June 1872; G.D. viii. 170.

597 Spencer of course opposed State intervention in this area. He had been a friend of Trelawny's for some years: see Spencer, 's An Autobiography (1904), ii. 19, 40Google Scholar. In 1860, Trelawny had been a subscriber to Spencer's proposed ‘Synthetic Philosophy’; ibid, appendix A.

598 Respectively: H ccxii. 347, defeated 302:234; H ccxii. 369, carried 382:137; Lords' amendment against use of school rooms, H ccxii. 375, defeated 365:86; H ccxii. 378–9, defeated 227:190 although Forster was favourable.

599 See below, 9 June 1873.

600 Presumably on Elliot's amendment, H ccxii. 508–9, which was defeated by 298:20.

601 Royal assent, 10 Aug.

602 Motion for a Royal Commission on Anglican property; H ccxii. 527–40, defeated 295:94.

603 184:17 against 2nd reading of the Commons Protection bill.

604 Introduced by Hugh Birley.

605 Fowler was absent owing to the death of his wife.

606 They had ceased to press their amendments. Gladstone's Cabinet note of 6 July shows that the government had been prepared for an autumn session, and if necessary a dissolution, if the bill was rejected; G.D. viii. 174.

607 Gladstone's Cabinet note of 6 July, ibid, states: ‘Regret we cannot give time’.

608 That any redistribution of seats must give equal power to all voters; H ccxii. 905–12

609 Gladstone's Cabinet note of 29 June shows that they had discussed dropping the abolition bill; G.D. viii. 171–2.

610 2nd Reading agreed. The bill had originated in the House of Lords. For the way it had been hurriedly put together, see K.J., 20 Apr. 1872.

611 Osborne questioning whether Hicks Beach's speech was relevant; H ccxii. 1379–83.

612 H ccxii. 1522–32, to cut the army vote by £3,648. Defeated, 140:74.

613 See above, 13–14 Feb.

614 Osborne Morgan's amendment forbidding sales to children under 14; H ccxii. 1679, defeated 129:60.

615 Opposing Charles Gilpin's Capital Punishment abolition bill, which lost its 2nd reading, 167:54.

616 It received the Royal assent on 10 Aug.

617 Moving and seconding the Address.

618 His wife had died in Dec. 1872.

619 P.P. 1873, iv. 233.

620 Trelawny was again ill, and his attendance was intermittent until Easter. Gout, affecting his fingers, made writing-up the diary difficult.

621 The new rules under the Royal Parks Regulation act were laid on the table.

622 Lowe's resolution, H ccxiv. 244–5, carried 148:78; see above, 26 Feb. 1872.

623 Gladstone's bill proposed to create a new Dublin University, embracing Trinity College and the Queen's Colleges of Belfast and Cork, with an undenominational governing body and a purely secular curriculum (theology, philosophy and modern history were thus excluded). Roman Catholic and Presbyterian colleges were to be allowed to affiliate, but would not receive any State endowment. The bill was condemned by the Roman Catholic bishops, who wanted a State-endowed University under their control; Parry, J.P., Democracy and Religan: Gladstone and the Liberal Party, 1867–1875 (Cambridge, 1986), 353–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

624 i.e. the Supreme Court of Judicature bill; P.P. 1873, v. 443.

625 That it was excessive; H ccxiv. 602–21.

626 Government chief whip.

627 No specific reference to this in Gladstone's Cabinet note of 1 Mar.; G.D. viii. 293–4.

628 Condemning the government's failure to name the 28 members of the proposed new governing council; H ccxiv. 1194–1202.

629 On the 2nd reading of the Irish University bill, Bourke's amendment (from 3 Mar.) having been negatived. 38 Irish Liberals either voted or paired against the bill, 10 British Liberals opposed it and 9 abstained; Parry, , Democracy and Religion, 365.Google Scholar

630 For the proceedings leading to the reinstatement of Gladstone's ministry, see Morley, John, The Life of William Ewart Gladstone (1903), ii. 340–7.Google Scholar

631 Arguing that the 6th article of the treaty of Washington unduly enlarged the rights of belligerant powers against neutrals; H ccxiv. 1963–84, withdrawn.

632 Sir John Coleridge.

633 It had emerged that Frank Scudamore, assistant secretary of the Post Office, had applied nearly £1 million to the extension of the telegraphic service taken from Post Office receipts and Savings Banks deposits (which ought to have been paid into the consolidated fund and to the National Debt commissioners respectively). Scudamore had been improperly allowed direct communications with the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Lowe, by-passing the Postmaster-General, Monsell. Winter, James, Robert Lowe (Toronto, 1976), 285–7.Google Scholar

634 For the 2nd reading, Disraeli having moved the rejection of Osborne Morgan's annual bill. The High-Churchman, Gathorne Hardy, lamented that ‘the desertion of Irish and Scotch on our side enhanced the majority. I begin to doubt those allies when Church questions are at issue’; G.H.D., 27 Mar. 1873.

635 Fawcett had sought to fix a date for the 2nd reading of his bill to abolish religious tests in Trinity College, Dublin, but an Irish member, Philip Callan, objected on the grounds that the bill had been altered since its ist reading, Fawcett offered to withdraw the bill and introduce it again for a ist reading, but Gladstone questioned whether this could be done when the ist reading of the original bill had been unopposed; H ccxv. 307–8. The 1st reading was given.

636 Lowe proposed to pay the £3.2 millions indemnity to the United States, resulting from the Geneva arbitration on the ‘Alabama’ question, half from current revenue and half from government borrowing. (Gladstone himself had wanted to pay the whole amount from current revenue; K.J., 5 Apr. 1873.) With the economy buoyant, Lowe was still able to reduce the income tax by 1d. to 3d. in the £, and to halve the duty on sugar; H ccxv. 654–70.

637 The House had resumed after adjourning for Easter on the 7th.

638 2nd reading agreed; Royal assent 26 May.

639 H ccxv. 801–9, seeking to limit the compensation given for Oxbridge Fellowships that might be abolished; defeated 107:81.

640 Trelawny was acting here in the interests of his constituents; but see below, 15 July.

641 That before considering indirect taxes the government should make known its views regarding the maintenance and adjustment of direct taxes; H ccxv. 1030–41.

642 His annual bill to extend household suffrage to women was defeated, 222:155.

643 P.P. 1871, xix. 515.

644 Continued from 28 Apr.

645 Government chief whip.

646 Which it did; no division. Many Conservatives had apparently not wanted Smith's motion to be brought on at all; G.H.D., 2 May 1873.

647 i.e. to the select committee, continued from the previous session.

648 Arch was President of the National Agricultural Labourers union. He became a Liberal M.P. in 1885.

649 The Rating (Liability and Value), Valuation and Consolidated Rate bills. The first was rejected by the House of Lords, the others withdrawn.

650 268 opposed the motion to ‘redress inequalities’ in the distribution of electoral power; H ccxv. 1561–70.

651 2nd reading of the Permissive Prohibitory bill.

652 Legislation passed in 1846 and 1851 forbidding the manufacture or sale of intoxicating liquor in the State of Maine; later adopted by several other American States.

653 Church disestablishment.

654 Within weeks Chelsea succeeded his father as Earl Cadogan, prompting another by-election at Bath in which the temperance question was again prominent; Hamer, D.A., The Politics of Electoral Pressure (Brighton, 1977), 184–6.Google Scholar

655 See above, 16 Apr. 1872.

656 Opposing the and reading of the bill to allow non-anglican laymen to preach, which was defeated 199:53; H ccxv. 1973–9.

657 159:131 for Harrington's morion for a select committee to inquire into the dismissal of the Revd. Robert O'Keefe, manager of the Callan national schools, by the Irish education commissioners; H ccxv. 2023. See Parry, Democracy and Religion, 350–1, 370–1; only 99 backbench Liberals supported the government, and 17 voted against it.

658 The Irish Chief Secretary was a devotee of horse racing.

659 H ccxvi. 16–37.

660 Against Miall's resolution.

661 See above, 14 Feb. 1872.

662 2nd reading defeated, 251:128.

663 Harcourt's amendments to add Playfair and Cross to the committee, carried 200:182 and 205:165; H ccxvi. 319–21, 330. One Cabinet minister described Harcourt's conduct as ‘a piece of sheer mischief – he was supported by Dizzy & all the opposition, & by some 14 Scotch & ultra Protestants on our side. Harrington made a speech wh. really gave the thing up. Gladstone lost his temper & walked out after the first division … The whole animus towards the Comm[issione]rs & the Catholics of Ireland was very bad.’ Chichester Fortescue's diary, 22 May 1873, B.L. Add MSS 63682.

664 Forster and Stansfeld supported Fowler, Cardwell, Fortescue, Goschen and Harrington opposed.

665 The House adjourned for Whitsun on 27 May, resuming on 5 June.

666 His motion for an amendment of the law affecting trades unions followed the conviction of members of the gas stokers union for intimidation; H ccxvi. 572–88. No division.

667 P.P. 1873, liv. 749, a list of the salaried and unsalaried prison chaplains in the U.K. in 1872, recording their religious affiliations.

668 Sir John Hay's motion for a select committee regarding the system of navy promotions and retirement; H ccxvi. 751–71.

669 Government chief whip.

670 It was rejected by the House of Lords.

671 The debate on the Factory acts amendment bill being adjourned under the quarter to six rule.

672 He was made a judge in 1876.

673 1st reading of the Elementary Education act (1870) amendment bill, transferring from School Boards to Poor Law guardians the decision whether to pay the school fees of pauper children attending denominational schools, introducing the secret ballot for School Board elections, and enforcing compulsory attendance for pauper children under the age of 13. The first provision was later dropped; Parry, , Democracy and Religion, 378–80.Google Scholar

674 He spoke in this sense on 23 Apr. 1847; H xci. 1284–5.

675 4 Apr. 1851; H cxv. 1075–6.

676 His amendment called for the inclusion of income from personal as well as real property; H ccxvi. 912–16, withdrawn.

677 The Treasury was alleged to have awarded the mail contract for the Zanzibar-Cape Colony route to the Union Steamship Company on unduly generous terms, and without following normal procedures; Winter, Robert Lowe, 288–91. In the House of Commons, Bouverie pointed out that when the contract was laid on the table, the government had omitted to provide the required Treasury minute justifying the contract. It was therefore necessary for the government to delay moving for the confirmation of the contract; H ccxvi. 1000–01.

678 See above, 21 Mar.

679 See H ccxvi. 1065–8.

680 Trelawny himself was part-owner of the dues on a lead mine on his Cornish estate; T.D., 9.

681 Fawcett's Parliamentary Elections (Expenses) bill lost its and reading, 205:91.

682 See above, 16 June.

683 Government chief whip.

684 C.J. cxxviii. 202–3.

685 Anderson moved to reduce item 8 in the army estimates by £900, i.e. the £600 for a new assistant secretary and the £300 for the increased salary of a military secretary to the commander-in-chief. Cardwell agreed to omit the £300 portion; H ccxvi. 1287–97.

686 2nd reading carried 117:15; Royal assent 21 July. See K.J., 24, note 3.

687 In answer to a question from Pakington, H ccxvi. 1413–15, referring to the letter in The Times, 24 06 1873, 12Google Scholar, showing that the number of under-sized recruits had been concealed.

688 It was noticed in The Times, 11 07 1873, 4.Google Scholar

689 Since the passing of the Army Regulation act of 1871, control of the militia had been transferred to the Crown.

690 The diarist's brother.

691 Criticising aspects of the Judicature bill, on the motion to go into committee; H ccxvi. 1569–79.

692 The Lord Chancellor's bill had been amended in the Commons so that the proposed new court of appeal, rather than the House of Lords, would deal with cases from Scotland and Ireland, as well as from England and Wales; H ccxvi. 1561–6, for Gladstone's statement.

693 On the game laws.

694 Of Persia, on a State visit.

695 Black Rod.

696 218:142 against the adjournment during the 2nd reading debate on the Turnpike acts continuance bill.

697 2nd reading of the Monastic and Conventual Institutions bill.

698 See above, 23–24 June.

699 In fact, the amendment seems to have been a High Church maneouvre designed to protect ritualist clergy from persecution by the bishops, but the bill was altered again by the House of Lords; Machin, G.I.T., Politics and the Churches in Great Britain, 1869–1921 (Oxford, 1987), 5960.Google Scholar

700 130:117; H ccxvi. 1805–10.

701 It advocated the ending of protection for rabbits, the assimilation of English and Scottish law, and the creation of an arbitration procedure for landlords and tenants; P.P. 1873, xiii. 1.

702 See Gladstone's Cabinet note, 5 July 1873; G.D. viii. 351 and note 9.

703 On 8 July, Richard's motion for a general and permanent system of international arbitration was carried by 98:88; H ccxvii. 52–73. Trelawny was absent, as were 13 members of the government; The Times, 10 07 1873, 11.Google Scholar

704 In the House of Lords on 8 July; H ccxvii. 10–24.

705 His motion for a select committee was withdrawn following assurances from Gladstone that the position of O'Keefe, the dismissed manager of an Irish National school (see above, 15 May), would be reviewed; H ccxvii. 210–13.

706 First Lord of the Admiralty.

707 T.D., 9 May 1861.

708 Trelawny's interest in this matter may well have stemmed from the fact that he was also a keen yachtsman.

709 Which received the Royal assent on 5 Aug.

710 Former Conservative chief whip, and still involved in managing the party's Irish affairs.

711 See below, 24 July.

712 i.e. the misappropriation of Post Office funds; see below, 29 July.

713 After a long delay, troops were sent out in Nov. to confront the king of Ashanti; K.J., xviii–ix.

714 Gladstone had asked Forster to state that, while the government had no view on the question, it was one which he considered to be ‘just and politic in itself, and which cannot long be avoided’; H ccxvii. 841–2.

715 On the Endowed Schools act (1869) amendment bill; Royal assent 5 Aug.

716 P.P. 1873, ix. 243, recommending that the contract be re-negotiated.

717 During the 3rd reading debate on the Education Act (1870) amendment bill; Royal assent, 5 Aug.

718 H ccxvii. 1123–4 and 1127–8, for Ayrton's comments, in committee of supply, regarding the project for the further embankment of the Thames, on which he had not been consulted by the Treasury, and the £8,500 vote for building work in the Palace of Westminster.

719 The resolution by the Conservative, Cross, disapproved of the irregularities in the Post Office (see above, 21 Mar.) and the inadequacy of Treasury control; H ccxvii. 1189–1202. The Liberal, Lubbock's, amendment regretted what had happened and called on the government to ensure that there was no recurrence; H ccxvii. 1205–10. Cross's resolution was defeated, 161:111, and Lubbock's amendment agreed.

720 A major ministerial ‘reshuffle’ took place during the summer and autumn: e.g. Lowe was moved to the Home Office, replacing Bruce who went to the House of Lords as Lord President of the Council; Ayrton became Judge-Advocate-General; Monsell was retired, along with Childers and Ripon; John Bright re-entered the Cabinet as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and the backbench critics, Harcourt, James and Playfair, were all given office.

721 During the debate on the Appropriation bill; H ccxvii. 1358–85.

722 Gladstone had attacked Duke's conduct in opposing the £10,000 annuity for the Queen's son; H ccxvii. 1441–3.

723 When the Conservative opposition succeeded in reducing Prince Albert's annuity to £30,000.

724 Trelawny's last entry: parliament was dissolved in Jan. 1874, and he did not seek re-election.