⁴³ Vladimir Poliakoff (1880–1956): Russian journalist; exiled to Britain 1919; with Daily Telegraph 1920–1924Google Scholar, The Times 1924–1936Google Scholar; also wrote under pen-name ‘Augur’. See his Europe in the Fourth Dimension (1939).Google Scholar

⁴⁴ John Allsebrook Simon (1873–1954): Lib. MP Walthamstow 1906–18, Spen Valley 1922–40 (Nat. Lib. from 1931); Solicitor-Gen. 1910–13; Attorney-Gen. 1913–15; Home Sec. 1915–16; FS 1931–5; Home Sec. 1935–7; Chanc, of Exchequer 1937–40; Ld Chanc. 1940–5; kt. 1910, cr. Viscount Simon 1940. See his Retrospect (1952).Google Scholar

⁴⁵ Aimé-Joseph de Fleuriau (1870–1938): entered dip. service 1895; Counsellor in London 1913–20; Min. in Beijing 1921–4; Amb. in London 1924–33.

⁴⁶ Heinrich Brüning (1885–1970): Catholic Centre politician; Reichstag Deputy 1924–33; Chanc. 1930, & For. Min. 1931; ousted in favour of Franz von Papen (q.v.) 1932; exiled from 1934; Queen's College, Oxford U. 1937–9; Harvard U. 1939–52; U. of Cologne 1951–5. See his Memoiren 1918–34 (1970).Google Scholar

⁴⁷ Horace George M. Rumbold (1869–1941): diplomat; dip. service from 1891; Amb. in Ankara 1920–4, in Madrid 1924–8; in Berlin 1928–33; retd 1933; Vice-Chm. Royal Commission on Palestine 1936–7; sue. 9th Bt. Rumbold 1913; kt. 1917.

⁴⁸ Norman Ebbutt (1894–1964): joined The Times 1914, returned 1918–37; 2nd Corrspdt, Germany 1925–7, Chief Corrspdt 1927–37; expelled for anti-Nazi reporting, suffered stroke 1937, remained paralysed thereafter.

⁴⁹ Arthur Henderson (1863–1935): Lab. MP Barnard Castle div., Durham 1903–18, Widnes 1919–22, Newcastle 1923, Burnley 1924–31; Home Sec. 1924; FS 1929–31; Pres., World Disarmament Conf., Geneva 1932–33. See his Labour's Way to Peace (1935).Google Scholar

⁵⁰ In August 1931 Henderson, in the midst of the financial crisis, opposed MacDonald's policy of cutting unemployment benefits in order to balance the budget. His opposition was instrumental in producing a majority in the Cabinet opposed to the Prime Minister, which led him to submit his resignation to the king. Henderson, who played a key role in bringing down the government then lost his seat in the general election of October.

⁵¹ (James) Ramsay MacDonald (1866–1937): Lab. MP Leicester 1906–18, Aberavon 1922–9; Ntl Lab. MP Seaham 1929–35, Scottish Universities, 1936–7; Lab. Party Sec. 1900–12, Chm. 1912–14, Lab. Leader 1922–31; PM & FS 1924; PM 1929 35; Ld Pres. 1935–7.

⁵² Philip Snowden (1864–1937): ILP Chm. 1903–6, 1917–20; Lab. MP Blackburn, 1906–18, Colne Valley, 1922–31; Chanc, of Exchequer 1924, 1929 31; Ld Privy Seal, 1931–2; cr. Viscount Snowdon 1931. See his An Autobiography (1934).Google Scholar

⁵³ During the election campaign of 1924 the Foreign Office intercepted a letter which purported to be from Grigori Zinovieff, the President of the Comintern, instructing members of the British Communist Party to stir up a revolt in the armed forces and in the factories. The F.O. published this letter in The Times on 25 October, four days before polling day. The Labour Party, damaged by the suggestion that it was associated with such extremists, lost over forty seats and Baldwin formed a Tory government.

⁵⁴ The conference was to begin in Geneva on 2 February.

⁵⁵ Walford Harmood M. Selby (1881–1965): entered dip. service 1904; pvt. Sec. to FS 1924–32; Min. in Vienna 1933–7; Amb. in Lisbon 1937–40; kt. 1930. See his Diplomatic Twilight 1930 40 (1953).Google Scholar

⁵⁶ Gordon Campbell (1886–1953): naval ADC to King George V 1928; Rear-Adm. 1928; retd 1928; Vice-Adm. (retd) 1932; Nat. Govt MP Burnley 1931–5. See his Number Thirteen; being the autobiography of Rear-Admiral G. Campbell (1932).

⁵⁷ (Harold) Orme G. Sargent (1884–1962): entered dip. service 1906; Counsellor FO 1926; head, Central Dept 1928–33; Asst U-Sec. 1933–9; Deputy U-Sec. 1939–46; PUS 1946–9; kt. 1937.

⁵⁸ Victor Alexander G. Lytton (1876–1947): Civil Ld of Admiralty 1919–20; U-Sec. 10 1920–22; Gov. of Bengal 1922–7, Viceroy & actg Gov.-Gen. India 1925; Chm. Palestine Potash Ltd, Central London Electricity Ltd, London Power Co.; head LoN mission to Manchuria 1932; suc. 2nd Earl Lytton 1891, kt. 1933.

⁵⁹ The commission, chaired by Lord Lytton, had been established by the Council of the League of Nations in December 1931 in response to an appeal by China that Japan had violated its sovereignty following the Mukden incident in September.

⁶⁰ (James) Eric Drummond (1876–1951): entered FO 1900; Sec-Gen. LoN 1919–33; Amb. in Rome 1933–9; Chief Adviser on For. Publicity, Ministry of Info. 1939–40; kt. 1916; suc. 16th Earl of Perth 1937.

⁶¹ ‘Shanghai,’ 30 01 1932.Google Scholar

⁶² Ronald Charles Lindsay (1877–1945): entered dip. service 1898; Amb. in Berlin 1926–8; PUS FO 1928–30; Amb. in Washington 1930–9; kt. 1925.

⁶³ Henry Lewis Stimson (1867–1950): US politician; Sec. of War 1911–13; Gov-Gen. of Philippines 1927–9; Sec. of State 1929–33; Sec. of War 1941–5. See his On Active Service in Peace & War (1948).Google Scholar

⁶⁴ Arthur Cecil Temperley (1877–1940): Mil. Attaché at the Hague 1920–4; Military Rep. at LoN 1925–35; Deputy Dir. Mil. Operations & Intelligence, WO 1928–33; head, WO section British delegation to World Disarmament Conf., Geneva 1932–5; retd 1935; mil. Corrspdt Daily Telegraph 1935–1939Google Scholar. See his The Whispering Gallery of Europe (1938).Google Scholar

⁶⁵ George Bell: Nazi activist; hired by Ernst Röhm in 1932 to procure money for SA and divert funds to it from NSDAP; established SA newspaper, Der SA-Mann.

⁶⁶ Franz Xaver Ritter von Epp (1868–1947): army officer & Nazi politician; established Freikorps 1919Google Scholar; Cmdr, SA 1926Google Scholar; Reichstag Deputy 1928–1933Google Scholar; Gen. 1935; Gov. of Bavaria 1933–45; head, Colonial Policy Office of Reich Leadership 1934–41; Min. of Colonies 1941–5; captured & died during internment 1945. See his The, Question of Colonies (1937).Google Scholar

⁶⁷ Paul von Benckendorff und Hindenburg (1847–1934): Gen., rtd 1911; Chief of the Gen. Staff 1916–8; Pres, of the Reich 1925–34.

⁶⁸ Ernst Röhm (1887–1934): participated in Beer Hall Putsch 1922Google Scholar; head of SA 1930Google Scholar; Min. without Portfolio 1933–4; Min. of Bavarian state govt 1933–4; murdered June 1934. See his Die geschichte eines Hochverräters (1933).Google Scholar

⁶⁹ Aristide Briand (1862–1932): French politican; eleven times PM; For. Min. 1925, 1926–32; PM 1929; Nobel Peace Prize 1926. See his Discours et Écrits de politique étrangère (1965).Google Scholar

⁷⁰ Eleutherios Venizelos (1864–1936): Greek politician; PM 1910–15, 1917–20, 1924, 1928–32, 1933; led revolt against Turks in Crete 1935, fled to Paris, where he died.

⁷¹ Edouard Requin (1879–1954): French army officer; Chef de cabinet to Min. of War 1930–2; Mil. Rep. to LoN 1930; Cmdr 11th Infantry Div. 1932–5, 20th Mil, Region 1936–40; mb. Supreme War Council 1938; Dir. College of National Defence 1939. rtd 1941. See his D'une guerre à l'autre 1919–39 (1949).Google Scholar

⁷² René Massigli (1888–1988): French diplomat; head, LoN Section, Ministère des Affaires Etrangères 1928–1933Google Scholar, Asst Dir. Political Section 1933–7, Dir. 1937–8; Amb. in Ankara 1939–40; escaped from France 1943; Amb. in London 1944–55; Sec-Gen. Mintstère des Affaires Etrangères 1955–1956.Google Scholar

⁷³ Dino Grandi (1895–1988): Fascist politician & diplomat; Chief, Fascist Gen. Staff 1921; Deputy Parlemento 1921–1932Google Scholar; U-Sec. Ministero degli Affari Esteri, For. Min. 1929–32; Amb. in London 1932–9; Min. of Justice & Chm. Fascist Grand Council, 1939–43. See his Il mio paese: ricordi autobiografia (1985).Google Scholar

⁷⁴ Italo Balbo (1896–1940): Fascist politician; a leader of fascist ‘March on Rome’ 1921; founder & Ed. Corriere Padano; Gen. of Air Force 1928; Min. of Aviation 1929–33; Gov. of Libya 1933–40; shot down by Italian soldiers in Libya 1940. See his My Air Armada (1934).Google Scholar

⁷⁵ Benito Mussolini (1883–1945): founder & Idr of Italian Fasist Party; Pres. Council of Ministers 1922–6; PM 1926–43; For. Min. 1924–9, 1932–6; head of German puppet regime in N. Italy 1943–5; executed 1945.

⁷⁶ André Pierre G.A. Tardieu (1876–1945): French politician; Deputy 1914–36; Plenipotentiary, Paris Peace Conf. 1919–20; Min. of Public Works 1926–8, of Interior 1928–30; PM 1929–30; Min. of Agric. 1931–2, of War 1932; PM & For. Min. 1932; Min. without Portfolio 1934. See his L'Année de Munich (1939).Google Scholar

⁷⁷ Philip John Noel-Baker (1889–1982): mb. British delegation, Paris Peace Conf. 1919; secretariat, LoN 1919–22; Sir Ernest Cassel Prof, of Intl Relations, U. of London 1924–9; Lab. MP Coventry 1929–31, Derby 1936–70; PPS to FS 1929–31; Sec. of State for Air 1946–7, for Commonwealth Relations 1947–50. See his The First World Disarmament Conference 1932–33 and Why it Failed (1979).Google Scholar

⁷⁸ Alexander W. Allen Leeper (1887–1935): delegate to Paris Peace Coni 1919–20, to Lausanne Peace Conf. 1922–3; asst pvt Sec. to FS 1920–4; 1st Sec. in Vienna 1924–8; Counsellor 1933.

⁷⁹ (Joseph) Austen Chamberlain (1863–1937): lib. Unionist MP Worcs. E. 1892–1914 (Con. from 1912), Con. MP Birmingham W. 1914–37; Postmaster-Gen. 1902–3; Chanc, of Exchequer 1903–5; Sec. of State for India 1915–17; mb of War Cabinet 1918–19; Chanc, of Exchequer 1919–21; Ld Privy Seal 1921–2; FS 1924–9; 1st Ld of Admiralty 1931; Con. Ldr 1921–2; kt. 1925; Nobel Peace Prize 1925. See his Down the Years (1935).Google Scholar

⁸⁰ Bernhard Wilhelm von Bülow (1885–1936): entered dip. service 1911; West European section Auswärtige Amt 1925–1930Google Scholar, StaatSek. 1930–1936.Google Scholar

⁸¹ Letter in The Times archive.

⁸² ‘A Battle Well Begun’: 15 03 1932.Google Scholar

⁸³ ‘A Vindication of British Policy’: 23 03 1932.Google Scholar

⁸⁴ (George) Geoffrey Dawson (1874–1944): pvt sec. to Milner in South Africa 1901–5; Ed. Johannesburg Star 1905–1910Google Scholar; Ed. The Times 1912–1919, 1923–1941.Google Scholar

⁸⁵ Gustav Stresemann (1878–1929): German politician; Nat. Lib. Deputy 1907–29; For. Min. 1923–9; Nobel Peace Prize 1926.

⁸⁶ David Lloyd George (1863–1945): politician; Lib. MP Caernarvon Boroughs 1890–1945; Pres. Board of Trade 1906–8; Chanc, of Exchequer 1908–15; Min. of Munitions 1915–16; Sec. for War 1916; PM 1916–22; cr. Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor 1945.

⁸⁷ Colin Reith Coote (1893–1979): Coalition Lib. MP Isle of Ely 1917–22; joined staff of The Times 1923–1942Google Scholar; Daily Telegraph & Morning Post 1942–1945Google Scholar, Dep. Ed. 1945–50, Managing Ed. 1950–64; kt. 1962. See his Editorial (1965).Google Scholar

⁸⁸ Alfred Charles W. Harmsworth (1865–1922): proprietor The Times 1908–1922Google Scholar; Chm., British War Mission to US 1917; Dir. of Propaganda in Enemy Countries 1918; cr. Viscount Northcliffe 1905.

⁸⁹ Clifford John Norton (1891–1990): entered dip. service 1921; pvt. Sec. to PUS FO 1930–7; Counsellor in Warsaw 1937–9; FO: 939–42; Min. in Berne 1942–6; Amb. in Athens 1946–51; kt. 1946.

⁹⁰ George Nathaniel Curzon (1859–1925): Con. M P Southport 1886–98; Viceroy of India 1916–21; Ld Privy Seal 1915–16; Ld Pres. 1916–19; FS 1919–24; Con. Leader in the HofL. 1916–24; cr. Baron Curzon 1898, Earl 1911, Marquess 1921.

⁹¹ Eduard Benes (1884–1948): Czechoslovak politician; For. Min. 1918–35; PM 1921–2; Pres. 1936–8; exiled after Munich agreement; Pres. Czechoslovak National Committee, London 1939–45; Pres. of Republic 1945–8. See his Building a New Europe (1939).Google Scholar

⁹² Pierre Etienne Flandin (1889–1958): French politician & diplomat; Deputy 1914–41; Vice-Pres. Chamber of Deputies 1928; Min. of Finance 1931–2, of Public Works 1934, of State 1935–6, For. Min. 1936, 1940–41; arrested by Allies, North Africa 1943; judged not guilty of collaboration 1946. See his Politique française, 1919–40 (1947).Google Scholar

⁹³ Charles Stewart H. Vane-Tempest-Stewart (1878–1949): Con. MP Maidstone 1906–15; Leader of Senate & Min. of Educ., N. Ireland 1921–6; 1^st Commissioner of Works 1928–9, 1931; Sec. of State for Air 1931–5; Ld Privy Seal & Con. Leader in the HofL. 1935; Pres., Northern Counties Area Con. Assoc. 1930–49; Mayor of Durham 1936–7; styled Viscount Castlereagh 1884–1915, suc. 7th Marquess of Londonderry 1915; kt. 1919.

⁹⁴ Andrew William Mellon (1855–1937): Sec. of Treasury 1921–32; Amb. in London 1932–3.

⁹⁵ Frank Billings Kellogg (1856–1937): Amb. in London 1923–5; Sec. of State 1925–9; author of Kellogg-Briand Pact outlawing war as an instrument of national policy 1928; judge of Permanent Court of International Justice 1930–5; Nobel Peace Prize 1929.

⁹⁶ Albrecht Theodor von Bernstorff (1890–1945): Counsellor Auswartige Amt 1925–1930Google Scholar, Senior Counsellor 1930–3; resigned from civil service in opposition to Nazi regime 1933; imprisoned in Dachau 1940; murdered by Gestapo 1945Google Scholar. See Albrecht Bernstorff zum Gedächtnis (1952).Google Scholar

⁹⁷ Bernhard von Bülow (1849–1929): diplomat & politician; entered diplomatic service 1873; Amb. in Rome 1893–7; FS 1897–1900; Chanc. 1900–09.

⁹⁸ Eleanor Watson: m. Arthur Henderson 1888.

⁹⁹ Arthur James Salter (1881–1975): Dir. Econ. & Finance Section, LoN 1919–20, 1922-31; Sec-Gen. Reparations Commission 1920–22; Gladstone Prof, of Political Theory & Institutions, Oxford U. 1934–44; Ind. MP Oxford U. 1937–50; kt. 1922; cr. Baron Salter of Kidlington 1953. See his Memoirs of a Public Servant (1961).Google Scholar

¹⁰⁰ The collapse of Austria's largest bank, the Credit Anstalt on 11 05 1931Google Scholar had produced an immediate financial crisis; the Bank of England advanced £4,300,000 in order to prevent a complete collapse. But the crisis sent a shock wave through Germany, where the Reichsbank lost £36,000,000 in the first half of June and the Danat Bank collapsed on 13 July. Germany appealed for assistance at a conference convened in London on 20 July, but neither Britain nor the United States were able or willing to assist. France, with gold reserves of £486,000,000 was in a position to provide a loan but was prepared to do so only if Germany agreed to abandon any attempts at treaty revision during the period of the loan. On 21 July the Nazis told Brüning that they would not agree to such a provision and he left London on the 23^rd without a promise of assistance.

¹⁰¹ Pierre Laval (1883–1945): elected Socialist Deputy 1914; Min. of Public Works 1925, of Justice 1926, of Labour 1930 & 1932; PM and For. Min. 1931–2; Min. of Colonies 1934; For. Min. 1934–5; PM 1935–6; Deputy PM & Min. of Info. 1940; For. Min. 1940, 1941–3; Min. of Interior 1942; Deputy Head of State 1942–4; tried for treason & executed 1945. See Laval parle: notes et mémoires (1947).Google Scholar

¹⁰² Alexander George M. Cadogan (1884–1968): entered dip. service 1908; Min. in Beijing 1933–5, Amb. 1935–6; Deputy U-Sec. FO 1936–7, PUS 1938–46; Rep. to UN 1946–50; kt. 1934. See The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan (1971).Google Scholar

¹⁰³ Joseph Paul-Boncour (1873–1972): French politician; Deputy 1909–14, 1919–31; Min. of War 1932; PM 1932–3; For. Min. 1932–4, 1938, of LoN Affairs 1936. See his Entre deux guerres (1945).Google Scholar

¹⁰⁴ G. H. F. Abraham: Political Section, League of Nations Secretariat.

¹⁰⁵ Rachel Eleanor Crowdy (d. 1964): Chief of Social Question & Opium Traffic Section, LoN 1919–31; er. DBE 1919.

¹⁰⁶ This was amended in pencil, substituting ‘opium-smoking’ for ‘White-Slave traffic’.

¹⁰⁷ Victoria Alexandrina J. Barton (d. 1935): granddaughter of P.M. Sir Robert Peel; m. 1887 Mr Daniel Barton (d. 1907); established a salon for those attending the LoN at Villa Lammermoor on Lac Lemar; nicknamed ‘the Queen of Geneva’.

¹⁰⁸ Erik Andreas Colban (1876–1956): entered dip. service 1903; joined secretariat LoN 1919; Dir. of Administrative Commissions (Saar & Danzig) & Minorities Section 1919–27, Dir. of Disarmament Section 1928–30; Norwegian Min. in Paris 1930, in Brussels 1930, in Luxemburg 1931, in London 1934–42; Amb. in London 1942–6; delegate to World Disarmament Conf, Geneva 1930–2.

¹⁰⁹ Hugh Robert Wilson (1885–1946):. entered for. service 1911; Min. in Berne 1927–37; Asst Sec. of State 1937–8; Amb. in Berlin 1938–40; adviser to Sec. of State 1940; retd 1941; delegate to World Disarmament Conf, Geneva 1932–7. See his Diplomat between Wars 1941.Google Scholar

¹¹⁰ Malcolm John MacDonald (1901–81): son of Ramsay MacDonald; Lab. MP Bassetlaw div. of Notts 1929–31; Nat. Lab. 1931–5, Nat. Govt Ross & Comarty 1936–45; U-Sec. Dominions Office 1931–5; Dominions Sec. 1935–8, 1938–9; Colonial Sec. 1935, 1938–40. See his Titans & Others (1972).Google Scholar

¹¹¹ Thanassis Aghnides (1889–1984): Greek diplomat; Dir.of Greek Press Bureau in London 1918–19; joined LoN secretariat, 1919; Dir. of Disarmament Section 1930–9, U-Sec.-Gen. 1939–40; PUS, Min. of For. Affairs 1942–3; Amb. in London 1942–7; Sec. of World Disarmament Conf, Geneva 1932–4.

¹¹² Edouard Herriot (1872–1957): French politician; Senator 1912–19, Deputy 1919–40; PM 1924–5, 1932; Pres, of Chamber of Deputies 1925, 1936; Min. of Educ. 1926–8; Min. without Portfolio 1934–6; renounced his Légion d'Honneur in 1942Google Scholar in protest of its being awarded to collaborators; interned & imprisoned 1940–5; Pres, of Republic 1947–53. See Edouard Herriot: études et témoignages (1975).Google Scholar

¹¹³ Hugh Gibson (1883–1954): American diplomat; entered for. service 1908; Min. in Warsaw 1919–24, in Berne 1924–7; Amb. in Brussels 1927–33, in Rio de Janiero 1933–7, in Brussels 1937–8; retd 1938. See his The Road to Foreign Policy (1944).Google Scholar

¹¹⁴ Theodosia Louisa Cadogan (1882–1977): d. of 4th Earl of Gosford; m. Alexander Cadogan 1912.

¹¹⁵ Arthur Willert (1882–1973): joined staff of The Times 1906Google Scholar, editorial staff 1909–10, Chief Corrspdt in U.S. 1910–20; head of News Dept & Press Officer, FO 1921–1935; Ministry of Info. 1940–5; kt. 1919. See his The Frontiers of England (1935).Google Scholar

¹¹⁶ Margery (Irene) Corbett Ashby (1882–1981): Lib. politician; unsuccessful candidate in seven elections; UK substitute delegate to World Disarmament Conf., Geneva 1931–5; DBE 1967.

¹¹⁷ Hedworth Williamson (1867–1942): businessman, landowner & courtier; suc. 9th Bt 1900.

¹¹⁸ Edith Chaplin (1879–1959): daughter of 1^st Viscount Chaplin; m. Viscount Castlereagh (later Ld Londonderry) 1899; founder & dir. of Women's Legion 1915–19; DBE 1917. See her Retrospect (1938).Google Scholar

¹¹⁹ Thomas Horder (1871–1955): physician to King Edward VIII & King George VI; kt 1918; cr. Baron Horder of Ashford 1933. See his Fifty Tears of Medicine (1953).Google Scholar

¹²⁰ Maxim (né Meer Wallach) Litvinov (1876–1951): Russian diplomat; entered FO 1918; Commisar of For. Affairs 1930–9; Amb. in Washington 1941–3; Deputy Commissar for For. Affairs 1946. See his Notes for a Journal (1955).Google Scholar

¹²¹ MacDonald, whose wife Margaret had died in 1911, was introduced to Lady Londonderry, a Conservative political hostess, at a Buckingham Palace reception in 1924. He had met her occasionally until 1930 when he spent a vacation with her and Lord Londonderry at their home in the Scottish highlands; after that time they formed a close personal attachment.

¹²² John Pratt (1873–1952): Lib. MP Linlithgow 1913–18; Cathcart div. of Glasgow 1918–22; kt. 1922.

¹²³ John (Maitland) Salmond (1881–1968): Air Marshal 1923, Air Chief Marshal 1929; Marshal, RAF 1933; Chief of Air Staff 1930–3; Dir. Imperial Airways 1933–9; Dir. of Armament Production, Ministry of Aircraft Production 1939–45.

¹²⁴ Camille Barrere (1851–1940): Amb. in Berne 1894–7, in Rome, 1897–1924.

¹²⁵ Ferdinand Foch (1851–1929): Commandant, French Army Group, Somme July 1916; Chief of Staff to C-in-C (Gen. Pétain) May 1917; Generalissmo, allied armies on western front April 1918. See Memoirs of Marshal Foch (1931).Google Scholar

¹²⁶ William George Tyrrell (1866–1947): entered FO 1889; Asst. U-Sec. FO 1919–25, PUS 1925–8; Amb. in Paris 1928–34; kt. 1913; cr. Baron Tyrrell of Avon 1929.

¹²⁷ Anne Holman: m. Adrian Holman (dip. service 1920–54) 1932; marriage dissolved by divorce 1934.

¹²⁸ Herbert Hoover (1874–1964): Pres, of U.S. 1928–32. See The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover (3 vols 1952–1959).Google Scholar

¹²⁹ Ivan Rubido-Zichy (b. 1874): Hungarian diplomat; Min. in London 1925–33.

¹³⁰ Edward Arthur Colebrooke (1861–1939): Lib. Chief Whip, HofL. 1911–22; permanent Ld-in-Waiting 1924–36; suc. 5th Bt 1890; cr. Baron Colebrooke of Stebunheath 1906; kt 1922.

¹³¹ Sarita Enriqueta Vansittart, daughter of Herbert Ward, widow of Sir Colville Barclay; m. Robert Vansittart (q.v.) 1930.

¹³² Robert Gilbert Vansittart (1881–1957): entered dip. service 1902; Counsellor 1920; Sec. to FS 1920–4; Asst U-Sec. & principal pvt. Sec. to FS 1928–30; PUS FO 1930–8; Chief Dip. Adviser 1938–41; kt. 1929, cr. Baron Vansittart 1941. See his The Mist Procession (1958).Google Scholar

¹³³ ‘digitalis’ has been inserted in pencil; originally, a space was left in the journal.

¹³⁴ Harold George Nicolson (1886–1968): entered FO 1909; Counsellor in Teheran 1925–7, in Berlin 1927–9, resigned 1929; editorial staff Evening Standard 1930Google Scholar; Nat. Lab. MP Leicester W. 1935–45; PPS Ministry of Info. 1940–1; See his Diaries & Letters, vol.1 1930–1939.Google Scholar

¹³⁵ Adila Fachiri (née d'Aranyi) (1888–1962): Hungarian violinist.

¹³⁶ Kurt von Schleicher (1882–1934): entered army 1900; Col. 1926, Maj.-Gen. 1929; Min. of Defence 1932; Chane. 1932, replaced by Hitler in Jan. 1933; assassinated in Nazi purge, June 1934.

¹³⁷ Joseph Louis A. Avenol (1879–1952): French civil servant; Deputy Sec-Gen. LoN, 1923–32, Sec-Gen. 1933–40. See his l'europe silencieuse (1944).

¹³⁸ Franz von Papen (1879–1969): Catholic Centre rep. in Prussian legislature 1920–32; replaced Brüning as Chane. 1932, deposed by von Schliecher, Dec. 1932; conspired to replace him with Hitler, Jan. 1932; mb. of Hitler's cabinet 1933–4; Amb. in Vienna 1934 8; Amb. in Ankara 1939–44; found guilty of war crimes, released on appeal 1946. See his Memoirs (1952).Google Scholar

¹³⁹ Douglas Reed (1895–1976): sub-ed. The Times 1924–9, Asst Corrspdt in Berlin 1929–35, Central European Corrspdt in Vienna 1935–8; resigned ff Anschluss because of his conflict with editorial policy on appeasement; News Chronicle 1938–1945Google Scholar. See his Disgrace Abounding (1939).Google Scholar

¹⁴⁰ Konstantin von Neurath (1873–1956): Amb. in Rome 1921–30; in London 1930–2; For. Min. 1932–8 (when he was displaced by Ribbentrop); Protector of Bohemia & Moravia 1939–43; Gen. SS 1943–1945Google Scholar; sentenced to 15 years for war crimes 1946, released 1954.

¹⁴¹ ‘The Manchurian Customs’: 9 06 1932.Google Scholar

¹⁴² Eyre Crowe (1864–1925): entered FO 1885, Asst U-Sec. 1912–19; Min. at Paris Peace Conf. 1919; PUS FO 1920 5; kt. 1911.

¹⁴³ This entry is in Sylvia Kennedy's hand.

¹⁴⁴ Philip Sassoon (1888–1939): Unionist MP, Hythe 1912–39; U-Sec. for Air 1924–9, 1931–7, 1st Commissioner of Works 1937–9; suc. 3rd Bt 1912.

¹⁴⁵ (Henry) Wickham Steed (1871–1956): head of For. Dept The Times 1914–1918Google Scholar, Ed. 1919–22; afterwards pvt. Sec. to Ld Rothermere; overseas broadcaster, BBC 1937–47. See his Hitler: Whence & Whither (1937).Google Scholar

¹⁴⁶ Walter Thomas Layton (1885–1966): Ed. Economist 1921–1938Google Scholar; kt. 1930; cr. Ld Layton of Dane Hill 1947.

¹⁴⁷ ‘The German Claim’ 10 09 1932.Google Scholar

¹⁴⁸ Philip Henry Kerr (1882–1940): Journalist & statesman; Ed. Round Table 1910–1916Google Scholar; pvt. Sec. to PM 1916–21; Dir. of United Newspapers Ltd 1921–2; sec. Rhodes Trust 1925–39; Chanc. Duchy of Lancaster 1930–1; Parliamentary U-Sec. India Office 1931–2; Amb. in Washington 1939–40; suc. 11th Marquess of Lothian 1930, kt. 1940. See his The Issues in British Foreign Policy (1938).Google Scholar

¹⁴⁹ Nigel Bruce Ronald (1894–1973): entered diplomatic service 1920; pvt. sec. to PUS 1927; asst pvt sec. to FS 1929–34; 1^st Sec. 1930, Counsellor 1934; Asst U-Sec. 1942; Amb. to Lisbon 1947–54; kt 1946.

¹⁵⁰ Ralph George C. Glyn (1885–1960): Coalition Unionist MP, Clackmannan & E. Stirlingshire 1918–22; Unionist, Abingdon div. of Berkshire 1924–53; PPS to PM 1931–5; Ld Pres. 1935–7; cr. 1^st Baron Glyn 1953.

¹⁵¹ Erik Kule Palmstierria (1877–1959): Swedish diplomat; Min. in London 1920–37.

¹⁵² Reginald Wildig A. Leeper (1888–1968): temporary clerk FO 1918; and Sec. diplomatic service 1920–9; returned to FO 1929, Counsellor 1933, Asst U-Sec. 1940; Amb. in Athens, 1943–6, in Rio de Janiero, 1946–8; kt. 1945.

¹⁵³ Philip P. Graves (1876–1953): middle eastern specialist The Times 1919–1946.Google Scholar

¹⁵⁴ ‘The British Statement’: 19 09 1932, p.11.Google Scholar

¹⁵⁵ George M. Brumwell (1872–1963): night Ed. The Times 1908–1922Google Scholar; Asst Ed. 1922–34.

¹⁵⁶ ‘Equality of Arms at Geneva’: 22 09 1932, p.11.Google Scholar

¹⁵⁷ Carl von Schubert (1882–1947): German diplomat; entered dip. service 1906; U-Sec. Auswärtige Amt 1925–1930Google Scholar; Amb. in Rome 1930–2.

¹⁵⁸ Philippe Joseph L. Berthelot (1866–1934): French diplomat; entered Ministère des Affaires Etrangères 1895Google Scholar; Sec-Gen. Ministère des Affaires Etrangères 1920–1932.Google Scholar

¹⁵⁹ Stanley Baldwin (1867–1947): Con. MP Bewdley 1908–37; Financial Sec. to Treasury 1917–21; Près. Board of Trade 1921–2; Chane, of Exchequer 1922–3; PM 1923, 1924–9; Ld Pres. 1931–5; PM 1935–7; Con. Ldr 1923–7; cr. Earl Baldwin of Bewdley 1937.

¹⁶⁰ The entry from this point forward is in Sylvia Kennedy's hand.

¹⁶¹ ‘Public Opinion and the Lytton Report’: 5 10 1932, p.15.Google Scholar

¹⁶² (Robert) Anthony Eden (1897–1977): Con. MP Warwick & Leamington 1923–57; PPS to Austen Chamberlain 1926 9; U-Sec. FO 1931 4; Ld Privy Seal 1934–5 & Min. for LoN Affairs 1935; FS 1935–8, Dominions Sec. 1939–40; Sec. for War 1940; KS 1940–5, 1951–5 PM & Con. Ldr 1955–7; kt. 1954, cr. Karl of Avon 1961. See his Facing the Dictators (1960).Google Scholar

¹⁶³ The entry from this point forward was continued at Boulogne.

¹⁶⁴ Pierre Cot (1895–1977): Deputy 1928–42, 1951–8; U-Sec. Ministère des Affaires Etrangères 1932Google Scholar; Min. of Air 1933–7; exiled 1942–5.

¹⁶⁵ Maxime Weygand (1867–1965): French army officer; Chief of Gen. Staff 1931–5; retd 1935; C-in-C in the Levant 1939, recalled to take command in northern France on 19 May 1940, it was on his advice that Petain sought an armistice with Germany in June. See his Mémoires (3 vols 1950–1957).Google Scholar

¹⁶⁶ (Edgar Algernon) Robert Gascoyne-Cecil (1864–1958): 3rd s. of 3rd Marquis of Salisbury; Con. MP Marylebone E. 1906–10, Hitchin 1911–23; U-Sec. FO 1915–18 & Min. of Blockade 1916–18; Ld Privy Seal 1923–4; Chanc. Duchy of Lancaster 1924–7; Pres., LoN Union 1923–45; er. Viscount Cecil of Chelwood 1923; organized the peace ballot of 1934–5; awarded Nobel Peace Prize 1937.

¹⁶⁷ Norman Hezekiah Davis (1878–1944): mb. of reparations & financial commissions Paris Peace Conf.; Asst Sec. of Treasury 1919–20; U-Sec. of State 1920–1; delegate to World Disarmament Conf, Geneva 1932, Chm. of delegation 1933; head of delegation to London Naval Conf. 1935; delegate to Brussels Nine Power Treaty Conf. 1937.

¹⁶⁸ Giacomo Matteotti (1885–1924): Italian politician; Sec-Gen. Socialist Party; Deputy 1919–24; abducted & murdered June 1924, after denouncing Mussolini in parliament.

¹⁶⁹ That of 19 Sept.

¹⁷⁰ Oswald Ernald Mosley (1896–1980): Unionist MP Harrow div. of Middlesex 1918 22, Indep. 1922–4, Lab. 1924; Lab MP Smethwick 1926–31; Chanc. Duchy of Lancaster 1929–30; founded British Union of Fascists 1932; imprisoned during WWII. Sec his My Life (1938).Google Scholar

¹⁷¹ Letter in The Times archive.

¹⁷² Ralph Follet Wigram (1890–1936): entered FO 1919; 1^st Sec. in Paris 1924–33; Counsellor, FO 1934–6.

¹⁷³ Tsuneo Matsudaira (1877–1949): entered dip. service 1902; Amb. in Washington 1925–8, in London 1929–36; Min. of Imperial Household 1936–45; delegate to London Naval Conf. 1930; chief delegate to World Disarmament Conf, Geneva 1932.

¹⁷⁴ Ralph Deakin (1888–1952); editorial staff of The Times 1919–1922Google Scholar, For. News Ed. 1922–52; Special Corrspdt in various countries; Dir. of Reuters 1941–2.

¹⁷⁵ William F. Casey (1884–1957): joined The Times 1913Google Scholar; served in Washington & Paris; Special Corrspdt at Geneva & in Spain; Dep. Ed. 1941–8; Ed. 1948–52.

¹⁷⁶ Leon Blum (1872–1950): Socialist Deputy 1919–40; PM 1936–7; V-P of Cab. 1937–8; PM & Min. of Finance 1938; interned in Germany 1940–45; PM & For. Min. in provisional govt 1946–7. See his Peace and Disarmament (1932).Google Scholar

¹⁷⁷ Leopold von Hösch (1881–1936): entered dip. service 1907; Amb. in Paris 1920–32, in London 1932–6.