Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T15:26:57.288Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A review of expert systems principles and their role in manufacturing systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2009

P. T. Rayson
P. T. Rayson
Affiliation:
Trent Polytechnic, Burton Street, Nottingham NG1 4BU (U.K.)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

SUMMARY

The objectives of this paper are twofold: The first is to briefly review for manufacturing engineers some of the early work undertaken by Artificial Intelligence researchers and the issues addressed which have culminated in today's “expert systems’ or ‘intelligent knowledge based systems’ (IKBS), as they are becoming known.

The second is to indicate some early applications in manufacturing and to point out that any major success in this field requires long-term commitment, in depth familiarity with A.I. techniques and access to A.I. development tools, all of which are currently in short supply internationally.

Type
Articles
Information
Robotica , Volume 3 , Issue 4 , October 1985 , pp. 279 - 287
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1985

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Harrington, J., Computer Integrated Manufacturing, (Krieger, USA, 1979).Google Scholar
2.Ranky, P., Design and Operation of FMS. (IFS (Publications) and North-Holland, Bedford and Amsterdam, 1983).Google Scholar
3.Fox, J., “An annotated bibliography” The Knowledge Engineering Review Vol. 1., No. 1 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Lighthill, J., Artificial Intelligence: Report to the Science Research Council. (SRC, 1972).Google Scholar
5.Simon, H.A., The Science of the Artificial (The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1982). 2nd Edition.Google Scholar
6.Barr, A. and Feigenbaum, E.A. (Eds.), The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence Vol. 1, 2 & 3. (Pitman, London, 1981).Google Scholar
7.Buchanan, B.G. and Shortliffe, E. H., Rule-Based Expert Systems (The MYCIN experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project.) (Addison-Wesley, London, 1984).Google Scholar
8.Hayes-Roth, F., Waterman, D.A. and Lenat, D.B., (eds.), Building Expert Systems Vol. 1. (Addison-Wesley, London, 1983).Google Scholar
9.Waterman, D.A., & Hayes-Roth, F., (eds.), Pattern Directed Inference Systems (Academic Press, New York, 1978).Google Scholar
10.Nilsson, N.J., Principles of Artificial Intelligence, (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1982).Google Scholar
11.Charniak, , Riesbeck, and McDermott, , Artificial Intelligence Programming, (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New York, 1980).Google Scholar
12.Pearl, J., Heuristics, Intelligent Search Strategies for Computer Problem Solving. (Addison-Wesley, London, 1984).Google Scholar
13.Newell, A. and Simon, H.A., Human Problem Solving (Prentice-Hall, New York, 1972).Google Scholar
14.Buchanan, B., “Introduction to the COMTEX microfiche editor of MEMOS from the Stanford artificial intelligence laboratory” The A.I. Magazine (Winter, 1983).Google Scholar
15.Feigenbaum, E.A. and McCorduck, P., The Fifth Generation (Michael Joseph, London, 1984).Google Scholar
16.Feigenbaum, E.A., “The art of artificial intelligence: themes and case studies in knowledge engineering. Proc. IJCAI-5 (1977).Google Scholar
17.Anon. “A.I. research in the heuristic programming project” The A.I. magazine (Fall, 1983).Google Scholar
18.Waterman, D.A. and Hayes-Roth, F., An Overview of Pattern-Directed Inference Systems. Pattern Directed Inference Systems. (Academic Press, New York, 1977).Google Scholar
19.Hayes-Roth, F., Waterman, D.A. and Lenat, D.B., Principles of Pattern Directed Inference Systems. Pattern Directed Inference Systems (Academic Press, New York, 1977).Google Scholar
20.Davis, R. and King, J., “An overview of production systems” In: Machine intelligence 8 (Elcock, E. & Michie, D., eds.) (E. Morwood, Chichester, U.K.).Google Scholar
21.Buchanan, B. and Duda, R.O., Principles of Rule-Based Production Systems. Advances in Computers VOL. 22 (Academic Press, New York, 1983).Google Scholar
22.Stefik, M. et al. , The Organisation of Expert Systems: Tutorial. Artificial Intelligence 18 (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1982).Google Scholar
23.Post, E.L., “Formal reductions of the general combinatorial decision problem” Am. J. Math. 65 (1943).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.McDermott, J. and Bachant, J., “R1 revisited: four years in the trenches” The A.I. magazine (Fall, 1984).Google Scholar
25.Lenat, D.B. and McDermott, J., “Less than general production system architecures” Languages & Systems 2 (1978).Google Scholar
26.Davis, R., Meta-Rules: Reasoning About Control. Artificial Intelligence 15. (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1980).Google Scholar
27.Lenat, D.B., EURISKO: A Program that Learns New Heuristics and Domain Concepts. (The nature of heuristics 3. program design and results.) Artificial Intelligence 21. (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1983).Google Scholar
28.Forgy, C. and McDermott, J., Production System Conflict Resolution Strategies. Pattern Directed Inference Systems. (Academic Press, New York, 1977).Google Scholar
29.Minsky, M., “A framework for representing knowledge” In: The psychology of computer vision. (ed. Winston, P.) (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1975).Google Scholar
30.Winograd, T., “Frame representations and the declarative/procedural controversy” In: Representation and understanding. (Bobrow, D.G. and Collins, A., eds.) (Academic Press, New York, 1975).Google Scholar
31.Hayes, P.J., The Logic of Frames. The Frame Reader. (De Gruyter, Berlin, 1979).Google Scholar
32.Hayes, P.J., The frame problem and related problems in A.I. (AHT, Artificial and Human Thinking). (Elithorn, A. & Jones, D., eds.) (Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, 1978).Google Scholar
33.Bobrow, D. and Winograd, T., “An overview of KRL, knowledge representation language” Cognitive Science (1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Szolovits, P. et al. , An Overview of OWL, A Language for Knowledge Representation. LCS TM 86. (MIT, Cambridge, Mass., 1977).Google Scholar
35.Stefik, M., “An examination of a frame structured representation system” PROC. IJCAI-79 (1979).Google Scholar
36.Roberts, R.B. and Goldstein, I.P., The FRL primer. MIT A.I. Lab Memo No. 408. (MIT, Cambridge, Mass., 1977).Google Scholar
37.Sridharann, S., “Representational facilities of AIMDS: sampling” Tech. Report No. CBMT-TM-86. (Dept. of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1980).Google Scholar
38.Brachman, R.J., “A structural paradigm for representing knowledge” Tech. Report No. 3605. (Bolt, Beranek and Newman. Cambridge, Mass., 1978).Google Scholar
39.Bramer, M.A., “A Survey and critical review of expert systems research” In: Introductory Readings in Expert Systems, (Michie, D., ed.) (Gordon and Breach, London, 1982).Google Scholar
40.Kowaiski, R., Logic for problem solving. Artificial intelligence Series 7 (North-Holland, Amsterdam 1983).Google Scholar
41.Lenat, D.B., “AM: an artificial intelligence approach to discovery in mathematics as heuristic search” Ph.D. Computer Science Stanford University (1976).Google Scholar
42.Greiner, R. and Lenat, D.B., “A representation language's language” Proc. 1st. Natl. Conf. Artif. Intell. (1980).Google Scholar
43.Stefik, M., Bell, A.G. and Bobrow, D.G., “Rule orientated programming in loops Tech. Report KB-VLSI-82−22. (Knowledge Systems Area, Xerox Parc, 1983).Google Scholar
44.Wright, J.M., Fox, M.S. and Adam, D., “SRL/1.5 user manual” Tech. Report, (Robotics Institute, Carnegie-Mellon University, 1984).Google Scholar
45.Genesereth, M.R., “The architecture of a multiple representation system” MEMO HPP-81−6 (Computer Science Dept., Stanford University, California, 1981).Google Scholar
46.Nii, H.P. and Aiello, N., “AGE (Attempt to generalise): A knowledge based program for building knowledge based programs” PROC. IJCAI-79 (1979).Google Scholar
47.Erman, L.D. et al. , “The design and example use of HEARSAY-111” PROC. IJCAI-81 (1981).Google Scholar
48.Fain, J. et al. , “Programming examples in ROSIE” Tech. Report N-1646-ARPA (Rand Corporation, 1981).Google Scholar
49.Sloman, A., “Why we need many knowledge representation formalisms” Proc. 4th. Tech. Conf. Bcs. Sges (Bramer, M., ed.) (Cambridge Press, Cambridge, 1985).Google Scholar
50.Aikins, J., Prototypical Knowledge for Expert Systems. Artificial Intelligence 20. (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1983).Google Scholar
51.Smith, D.E. and Clayton, J.E., Another look at Frames. In: Rule Based Expert Systems, eds. Buchanan, and Shortliffe, . (Addison-Wesley, London, 1984).Google Scholar
52.Gevarter, W.B., Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing. (Noyes publication, N.J., 1984).Google Scholar
53.Buchanan, B.G., “Partial bibliography of work on expert system” ACM Sigart Newsletter 84 (1982).Google Scholar
54.Nau, D.S., “Expert computer systems” Computer (1983).Google Scholar
55.McDermott, J., R1: A Rule Based Configurer of Computer Systems. Artificial Intelligence 19. (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1982).Google Scholar
56.Fox, M.S. and Smith, S.F., “ISIS–A knowledge based system for factory scheduling, expert systems” Intern. J. knowledge engineering. 1, No. 1 (1984).Google Scholar
57.Chang, T.C., 1981. “The advances of computer aided process planning” Tech. Report National Bureau of Standards, (Washington, D.C., 1981).Google Scholar
58.Nau, D.S. and Chang, T.C., Prospects for Process Selection Using Artificial Intelligence. Computers in Industry 4. (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1983).Google Scholar
59.Davies, B.J. and Darbyshire, L., “The use of expert systems in process planning” Annals of the CIRP 33, No 1 (1984).Google Scholar
60.Matsushima, K. et al. , “The integration of CAD and CAM by application of artificial intelligence techniques” Annals of the CIRP 31, No. 1 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
61.Mill, F. and Spraggert, S., 1984. “Artificial intelligence for production planning” Computer-Aided Engineering J. (1984).Google Scholar
62.Descotte, Y. and Latombe, J., “GARI: a problem solver that plans how to machine mechanical parts” 7th Int. Joint Conf. on A.I. Vancouver (1981).Google Scholar
63.Szuba, T., “Automatic program synthesis system” Angewandte Informatik (Part 6) (1984).Google Scholar
64.Hannah, and Plummer, J.C.S., “Capturing production engineering practice within a CADCAM System” Int. J. Prod. Res. 22, No. 2 (1984).Google Scholar
65.Fisher, E.L. and Nof, S., “FADES: knowledge based facility design” Annual. Int. Industrial. Eng. Conf. Proc. (1984).Google Scholar
66.Lineback, R.J., “A.I. Transforms CAD/CAM into CIM” Electronics week (10, 1984).Google Scholar
67.Hollander, C.R. et al. , The Drilling Advisor CH1887−9/83/0000/0028 (1983).Google Scholar
68.Smith, R.G., “On the development of commercial expert systems” The A.I. Magazine (Fall, 1984).Google Scholar
69.Kastner, J.K. and Hong, S.J., “A review of expert systems” European J. Operational Research 18 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
70.Newell, A., “Heuristic programming: ill structured problems” In: progress in operations research (Aronofsky, J.S., ed.) (Wiley, New York, 1969).Google Scholar