The Saccharomyces cerevisiae TIF3 gene encodes a 436-amino acid (aa) protein that is the yeast homologue of mammalian translation initiation factor eIF4B. Tif3p can be divided into three parts, the N-terminal region with an RNA recognition motif (RRM) (aa 1–182), followed in the middle part by a sevenfold repeat of 26 amino acids rich in basic and acidic residues (aa 183–350), and a C-terminal region without homology to any known sequence (aa 351–436). We have analyzed several Tif3 proteins with deletions at their N and C termini for their ability (1) to complement a tif3Δ strain in vivo, (2) to stimulate Tif3-dependent translation extracts, (3) to bind to single-stranded RNA, and (4) to catalyze RNA strand-exchange in vitro. Here we report that yeast Tif3/eIF4B contains at least two RNA binding domains able to bind to single-stranded RNA. One is located in the N-terminal region of the protein carrying the RRM, the other in the C-terminal two-thirds region of Tif3p. The RRM-containing domain and three of the seven repeat motifs are essential for RNA strand-exchange activity of Tif3p and translation in vitro and for complementation of a tif3Δ strain, suggesting an important role for RNA strand-exchange activity in translation.