Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-21T23:39:05.040Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Regional Incomes in Portugal: Industrialisation, Integration and Inequality, 1890-1980*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2012

Marc Badia-Miró ,
Jordi Guilera  and
Pedro Lains
Marc Badia-Miró*
Affiliation:
Departament d'Història i Institucions Econòmiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat d'Economia i Empresa, Centre d′Estudis «Antoni de Capmany» d′Economia i Història Econòmica, Xarxa de Referència d'R+D+I en Economia i Polítiques Públiques, Av. Diagonal, 690, Torre 2, Planta 4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain. [email protected] and [email protected]
Jordi Guilera*
Affiliation:
Departament d'Història i Institucions Econòmiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat d'Economia i Empresa, Centre d′Estudis «Antoni de Capmany» d′Economia i Història Econòmica, Xarxa de Referència d'R+D+I en Economia i Polítiques Públiques, Av. Diagonal, 690, Torre 2, Planta 4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain. [email protected] and [email protected]
Pedro Lains*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Aníbal Bettencourt, 9, 1600-189 Lisboa, Portugal; and Católica Lisbon School of Business and Economics. [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The analysis of the evolution of the location of economic activity in Portugal between 1890 and 1980 depicts a strong concentration of productive activity in the coastal regions. We estimate data for regional GDP per capita, which show that the evolution of regional inequality followed an inverted U-curve, in line with that observed in other regions of Europe, but with a rather late peak, in 1970. The reasons for this behaviour may be found in the limits to industrialisation in the interior regions and the benefits generated by the agglomeration economies in the more developed coastal regions.

Resumen

El análisis de la evolución de la localización de la actividad económica en Portugal, entre 1890 y 1980, nos muestra un fuerte proceso de concentración de la producción en las zonas costeras, coincidiendo con el proceso de decadencia de las provincias agrícolas del interior. A su vez, la evolución de la desigualdad espacial sigue una curva U-invertida, en la línea de lo observado en otras regiones de Europa, pero con el punto de máxima desigualdad hacia 1970, mucho más tarde que esas regiones. Las razones de ese comportamiento estarían en las dificultades que tuvo el país para modernizar la economía en aquellas regiones más atrasadas, sobretodo la industria, y las ventajas que generaron las economías de aglomeración en las regiones más desarrolladas.

Keywords

regional convergenceindustrialisationPortugalmarket integrationconvergencia regionalindustrializaciónPortugalintegración de mercados

JEL classification

N9: Regional and Urban History R1: General Regional Economics
Type
Articles/Artículos
Information
Revista de Historia Economica - Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , 07 September 2012 , pp. 225 - 244
Copyright
Copyright © Instituto Figuerola de Historia y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abreu, A. T. de (1969): O Crescimento regional em Portugal. Análise da sua distribuçao. Lisboa: Fundado Calouste Gulbenkian/Centro de Estudos de Economía Agraria.Google Scholar
Badia-Miró, M.; Guilera, J.Lains, P. (2012): «Reconstruction of the Regional GDP of Portugal, 1890–1970». Documents de Treball, Facultat. Economia i Empresa, Universitat de Barcelona, 12-280.Google Scholar
Barro, R. J.Sala-i-Martin, X. (1991): «Convergence Across States and Regions». Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1, pp. 107-182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buyst, E. (2010): «Continuity and Change in Regional Disparities in Belgium During the Twentieth Century». Journal of Historical Geography, 37, pp. 329-337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Combes, P. P.; Mayer, T.Thisse, J. F. (2008): Economic Geography: The Integration of Regions and Nations. Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Combes, P. P.; Lafourcade, M.; Thisse, J. F.Toutain, J. C. (2011): «The Rise and Fall of Spatial Inequalities in France: A Long-run Perspective». Explorations in Economic History, 48, pp. 243-271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, L. F.; Lains, P.Miranda, S. M. (2011): História Económica de Portugal, 1143-2010. Lisbon: Esfera dos Livros.Google Scholar
Crafts, N.Mulatu, A. (2005): «What Explains the Location of Industry in Britain, 1871-1931». Journal of Economic Geography, 5, pp. 499-518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
da Conceição, M. M. L. (1975): Considerações sobre o projecto «Repartição regional do produto, ensaio para 1970». Lisboa, Portugal: Estudos. Instituto Nacional de Estatistica.Google Scholar
Felice, E. (2011): «Regional Value Added in Italy, 1891-2001, and the Foundation of a Long Term Picture». The Economic History Review, 64, pp. 929-950.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fidalgo, J. G.; Simões, M.Duarte, A. (2010): «Mind the Gap: Education Inequality at the Regional Level in Portugal, 1986-2005». Notas Económicas, 10, pp. 22-43.Google Scholar
Fujita, M.; Krugman, P.Venables, A. (1999): The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions and International Trade. Wiley Online Library.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geary, F.Stark, T. (2002): «Examining Ireland's Post-famine Economic Growth Performance». Economic Journal, 112, pp. 919-935.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henning, M.; Enflo, K.Andersson, F. N. G. (2011): «Trends and Cycles in Regional Economic Growth: How Spatial Differences Shaped the Swedish Growth Experience from 1860-2009». Explorations in Economic History, 48, pp. 538-555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
INE (1991): 1980–1986 Contais Regionais. Portugal: Instituto Nacional de Estatistica.Google Scholar
Kim, S. (1999): «Regions, Resources, and Economic Geography: Sources of U.S. Regional Comparative Advantage, 1880-1987». Regional Science and Urban Economics, 29, pp. 1-32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krugman, P. (1991): Geography and Trade. Cambridge (MA): The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Lains, P. (2003a): «Catching up to the European Core: Portuguese Economic Growth, 1910-1990». Explorations in Economic History, 40, pp. 369-386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lains, P. (2003b): Os Progressos do Atraso. Uma Nova História Económica de Portugal. Lisbon: Impresa de Ciências Sociais.Google Scholar
Lains, P. (2007): «Growth in a Protected Environment: Portugal, 1850-1950». Research in Economic History, 24, pp. 121-163.Google Scholar
Lopes, J. da Silva (1996): A Economia Portuguesa desde 1960. Lisbon: Gradiva.Google Scholar
Maddison, A. (2010): «Historical Statistics. PIB and population data». http://www.ggdc.net/MADDISON/Historical_Statistics/horizontal-file_02-2010.xls.Google Scholar
Pereira, A. S.Lains, P. (2012): «From an Agrarian Society to a Knowledge Economy? The Rising Importance of Education to the Portuguese Economy, 1950-2009», in G. Neave, and A. Amaral (eds), Higher Education in Portugal, 1974-2009. A Nation, a Generation. Springer, pp. 109-134.Google Scholar
Pereira, J.Galego, A. (2011): «Regional Wage Differentials in Portugal: Static and Dynamic Approaches». Papers in Regional Science, 90, pp. 529-548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosés, J. R.; Martínez-Galarraga, J.Tirado, D. A. (2010): «The Upswing of Regional Income Inequality in Spain (1860-1930)». Explorations in Economic History, 47, pp. 244-257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soukiazis, E.Antunes, M. (2006): «Two Speed Regional Convergence in Portugal and the Importance of Structural Funds on Growth». Ekonomia, 9, pp. 222-241.Google Scholar
Soukiazis, E.Antunes, M. (2011): «Is Foreign Trade Important for Regional Growth? Empirical Evidence from Portugal». Economic Modelling, 28, pp. 1363-1373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soukiazis, E.Proença, S. (2008): «Tourism as an Alternative Source of Regional Growth in Portugal: a Panel Data Analysis at NUTS II and III Levels». Portuguese Economic Journal, 7, pp. 43-61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tirado, D. A., Badia-Miró, M. (2012): «Economic Integration and Regional Inequality in Iberia (1900-2000): a Geographical Approach». Working Papers in Economic History, Departamento de Historia Económica e Instituciones, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, pp. 12-03.Google Scholar
Valério, N. (ed.) (2001): Estatísticas Históricas Portuguesas (2 vols.). Lisbon: Instituto Nacional de Estatística.Google Scholar
Vieira, J. A. C.; Couto, J. P. A.Tiago, M. T. B. (2006): «Inter-regional Wage Dispersion in Portugal». Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies, 6.Google Scholar
Williamson, J. G. (1965): «Regional Inequality and the Process of National Development: A Description of the Patterns». Economic Development and Cultural Change, 13, pp. 1-84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, N. (2007): «Endowments vs. Market Potential: What Explains the Relocation of Industry after the Polish Reunification in 1918?». Explorations in Economic History, 44, pp. 22-42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar