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INTERGENERATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY IN 19TH-CENTURY SPAIN (VALENCIA), 1841-1870

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2020

Carlos Santiago-Caballero Open the ORCID record for Carlos Santiago-Caballero [Opens in a new window]
Carlos Santiago-Caballero*
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Universidad Carlos III de Madrida
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Abstract

This paper sheds light on a crucial period of Spanish economic history, analysing changes in intergenerational occupational mobility. We use newly collected empirical evidence from Valencia, a region that followed a path of growth based on agrarian capitalism focused on international markets. We show that occupational mobility improved between 1841 and 1850, but that this situation reversed during the following decades. The opportunities offered to individuals from poorer families quickly disappeared. Put in international perspective, occupational mobility in Valencia was far lower than in other European countries, where both downward and especially upward mobility were considerably higher. By 1870, Valencia had become a polarised society, where the lowest part of the income distribution suffered increasing pauperisation and downward mobility.

Resumen

RESUMEN

Este trabajo analiza los cambios en la movilidad ocupacional intergeneracional durante un periodo crucial en la historia económica de España. Para ello utilizamos nueva evidencia empírica en Valencia, una región que siguió un patrón de crecimiento basado en el capitalismo agrario centrado en los mercados internacionales. Nuestros resultados muestran que la movilidad ocupacional mejoró entre 1841 y 1850, situación que se revirtió durante las siguientes décadas. Las oportunidades ofrecidas a los individuos procedentes de familias pobres desaparecieron rápidamente. Puestos en perspectiva internacional, los niveles de movilidad ocupacional en Valencia eran significativamente menores que en otros países europeos, que experimentaron movilidad hacia abajo y especialmente hacia arriba mucho más altas. En 1870 Valencia se había convertido en una sociedad polarizada, donde la parte más baja de la distribución de ingresos sufrió una creciente pauperización y movilidad hacia abajo.

Keywords

social mobilityinequalityindustrialisationglobalisationD63N33N93014movilidad socialdesigualdadindustrializaciónglobalización
Type
Articles/Artículos
Information
Revista de Historia Economica - Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History , Volume 39 , Issue 2 , September 2021 , pp. 219 - 264
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Instituto Figuerola, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

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Footnotes

a

Department of Social Sciences, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Getafe, Madrid, Spain. [email protected].

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