Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T08:28:35.291Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Reflexiones en torno a la NEP y la estrategia de industrialización acelerada en la URSS, 1921–1929

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2010

Diego Azqueta
Diego Azqueta
Affiliation:
Universidad de Alcalá1
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Soviet Union experienced two very pronounced changes of direction in 1921 and 1929. At the beginning of the decade, the strategy of «War Communism» was abandoned, substituted by the completely different «New Economic Policy» (NEP); and changed again, at the end of those years, towards a strategy of forced industrialization based on the collectivisation of the agricultural sector. In recent years, some specialists have argued that this second change was unnecessary: i.e., rapid industrialization could have been achieved within the framework of NEP and the Law of Value. The purpose of this paper is to argue, from a theoretical point of view, and with the help of the model that best summarizes the strategy of rapid industrialization, that this new interpretation cannot be sustained, and that those authors that defended the incompatibility of NEP and rapid industrialization were correct.

Resumen

La década de los años veinte del siglo XX estuvo caracterizada en la URSS por dos cambios de rumbo muy significativos: el abandono del «Comunismo de Guerra» y su sustitución por la «Nueva Política Económica» (NEP) en 1921, y la adopción de una estrategia de industrialización acelerada, cristalizada en el Primer Plan Quinquenal (PPQ) de la economía, en 1929. En los últimos años, diversos especialistas han argumentado, en contra de la opinión tradicional, que la industrialización acelerada no tenía por qué haber implicado un abandono de la NEP, la supresión del mercado y la consiguiente colectivización de la agricultura, sino que hubiera podido mantenerse en el marco de la vigencia de la Ley del Valor. El presente trabajo trata de mostrar, desde una perspectiva teórica, y con ayuda del modelo más representativo de la filosofía del PPQ, que dicha interpretación no es correcta.

Keywords

N14N94B24O21
Type
Artículos
Information
Revista de Historia Economica - Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History , Volume 21 , Issue 3 , December 2003 , pp. 593 - 622
Copyright
Copyright © Instituto Figuerola de Historia y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAFÍA

Allen, R. C. (1997): «Capital Accumulation, the Soft Budget Constraint and Soviet Industrialization», Discussion Paper, núm. 97/20, Department of Economics, Universidad de la Columbia Británica.Google Scholar
Azevedo, R., y Faria, J. R. (2002): «A decentralized version of Feldman-Maha-lanobis model of investment», Political Economy Working Paper, 02/02, School of Social Sciences, Universidad de Texas.Google Scholar
Azqueta, D. (1980): «Excedente capitalizable y violencia: en torno a los modelos dualistas», Revista Española de Economía, X (3), pp. 53–73.Google Scholar
Azqueta, D. (1983): La teoría económica de la acumulación socialista, Madrid, Hermann Blume editores.Google Scholar
Azqueta, D. (1992): «Socialist Accumulation and the Role of the Agricultural Sector», Quarterly journal of the Budapest University of Social Sciences, XIV (1), pp. 34–54.Google Scholar
Berry, A., y Soligo, R. (1968): «Rural-Urban Migration, Agricultural Output, and the Suply Price of Labour in a Labour Surplus Economy», Oxford Economic Papers, 20 (2), pp. 230–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bettelheim, C. (1976): Las luchas de clases en la URSS: primer período (1917–1923), Madrid, Siglo XXI.Google Scholar
Bhalla, A. S. (1965): «From Feldman to Mahalanobis in Economic Planning», Kiklos, 18(1), pp. 9–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boettke, P. J. (1990): «The Political Economy of Development Strategy: The Soviet Industrialization Debate, 1924–1928», en Socialism and the Market. The Socialist Calculation Revisited, vol. VII, selected by Boettke, Peter J.. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Carr, E. H. (1972): La Revolución bolchevique (1917–1923), 3 vols, Madrid, Alianza.Google Scholar
Carr, E. H. (1975): El Interregno (1923–1924), Madrid, Alianza.Google Scholar
Carr, E. H. (1977): El socialismo en un solo país (1924–1926), 4 vols., Madrid, Alianza.Google Scholar
Carr, E. H. (1976): Foundations of a Planned Economy 2 (1926–1929), Harmondsworth, Middlesex, Pelican Books.Google Scholar
Carr, E. H., y Davies, R. W. (1974): Foundations of a Planned Economy 1 (1926–1929), Harmondsworth, Middlesex, Pelican Books.Google Scholar
Danilov, V. P. (1988): Rural Russia under the New Regime, Bloomington, Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Davies, R. W. (1998): Soviet Economic Development from Lenin to Khrushchev, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, R. W.; Harrison, M., y Wheatcroft, S. G. (eds.) (1994): The Economic transformation of the Soviet Union, 1913–1945, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dobb, M. (1972): El desarrollo de la economía soviética desde 1917, Madrid, Siglo XXI.Google Scholar
Domar, E. (1957): «A Soviet Model of Growth», en Nove, A. y Nutti, D. M. (eds.), Socialist Economics, Middlesex, Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Ellman, M. (1975): «Did the Agricultural surplus Provide the Resources for die Increase in Investment in die USSR during the First Five Year Plan?», Economic Journal, núm. 85, pp. 844–863.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, F. (1993): Peasant Economics: Farm households and agrarian development, 2.a ed., Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Findlay, R. (1962): «Capital Theory and Development Planning», Review of Economic Studies, 29 (2), pp. 85–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Findlay, R. (1966): «Optimal Investment Allocation between Consumer Goods and Capital Goods», Economic Journal, vol. 76, núm. 301, pp. 70–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerschenkron, A. (1968): El atraso económico en su perspectiva histórica, Barcelona, Ariel.Google Scholar
Gisser, M., y Jonas, P. (1974): «Soviet Growth in Absence of Centralized Planning», Journal of Political Economy, núm. 82, pp. 333–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, P. R. (1994): Before Command: An Economic history of Russia from Emancipation to the First Five Year Plan, Princeton, Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, P. R. (1997): «Searching for Consistency in historical Data: Alternative Estimates of Russia's Industrial Production, 1887–1913», Journal of Economic History, 57 (1), pp. 196–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, P. R., y Mokhtari, M. (1993): «State Grain Purchases, Relative Prices, and the Soviet Grain Procurement Crisis», Explorations in Economic History, 30 (2), pp. 182–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregory, P. R., y Stuart, R. C. (1998): Russian and Soviet Economic Performance and Structure, 6.a ed., New York, Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Gregory, P. R., y Tikhonov, A. (2000): «Central Planning and Unintended Consequences: Creating the Soviet Financial System, 1930–1939», Journal of Economic History, 60 (4), pp. 1017–1040.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grossman, G. (1982): «La industrialización de Rusia y de la Unión Soviética», en Cipolla, C. M. (ed.), Historia económica de Europa, vol. 4, segunda parte.Google Scholar
Hunter, H. (1988), «Soviet Agricultute with and without Collectivization, 1928–1940», Slavic Review, 42 (2), pp. 203–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazarev, V., y Gregory, P. R. (2002): «The wheels of a command economy: allocating Soviet vehicles», Economic History Review, LV (2), pp. 324–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahalanobis, P. C. I. (1953): «Some Observations on the Process of Growth of National Income», Sankhya, núm. 12, pp. 307–312.Google Scholar
Millar, J. (1970): «Soviet Rapid Development and the Agricultural Surplus Hypothesis», Soviet Studies, 22 (1), pp. 77–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nove, A. (1973): Historia económica de la Unión Soviética, Madrid, Alianza.Google Scholar
Raj, K. N., y Sen, A. K. (1961): «Alternative Patterns of Growth under Conditions of Stagnant Export Earnings», Oxford Economic Papers, 13 (1), pp. 43–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sah, R. K., y Stiglitz, J. E. (1992): Peasants versus City-Dwellers: Taxation and the Burden of Economic Development, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Spulber, N. (ed.) (1964): Foundations of Soviet Strategy for Economic Growth, Bloomington, Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Strauss, E. (1971): La agricultura soviética en perspectiva, México, Siglo XXI.Google Scholar