Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T19:20:56.049Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Urinary incontinence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 November 2008

James Malone-Lee*
Affiliation:
University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, St Pancras Hospital, London, UK
*
James Malone-Lee, Senior Clinical Lecturer, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, St Pancras Hospital, St Pancras Way, London NW1 0PE, UK.

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Clinical geriatrics
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Milne, JS. Prevalence of incontinence in the elderly age groups. In: Willington, FL ed. Incontinence in the elderly. London: Academic Press, 1976: 9.Google Scholar
2Yarnell, JWG, St Ledger, AS.The prevalence, severity and factors associated with urinary incontinence in a random sample of the elderly. Age Ageing 1979; 8: 8185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3Milne, JS, Williamson, J, Maule, MM, Morris, ET.Urinary symptoms in older people. Modern Geriatrics 1972; 2: 198212.Google Scholar
4Thomas, TM, Flymat, KR, Blannin, J, Meade, TW.The prevalence of urinary incontinence. Br Med J 1980; 281: 1243–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5Brocklehurst, JC, Dillane, JB.Studies of the female bladder in old age. I. Cystometrograms in non-incontinent women. Gerontologia Clinica 1966: 8: 285305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6Brocklehurst, JC, Dillane, JB.Studies of the female bladder in old age. II. Cystometrograms on 100 incontinent women. Gerontologia Clinica 1966; 8: 306–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7Isaacs, B, Walkey, FA.A survey of incontinence in elderly hospital patients. Gerontologia Clinica 1964; 6: 367–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8Castleden, CM, Duffin, HM, Asher, MJ.Clinical and urodynamic studies in 100 elderly incontinent patients. Br Med J 1981; 282: 1103–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9Hilton, P, Stanton, SL.Algorithmic method of assessing urinary incontinence in elderly women. Br Med J 1981; 282: 940–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10Resnick, NM, Yalla, SV.Detrusor hyperactivity with impaired contractile function. An unrecognized but common cause of incontinence in elderly patients. JAMA 1987; 257: 3076–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11Bentzen, A, Vejlsgaard, R.Asymptomatic bacteriuria in elderly subjects. Dan Med Bull 1980; 27: 101105.Google ScholarPubMed
12Dontas, AS, Kasviki-Charvati, P, Papanawiotou, PC, Marketos, SG.Bacteriuria and survival in old age. N Engl J Med 1981; 304: 939–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13Nicolle, LE, Bjorson, J, Harding, GKM, Macdonell, JA.Bacteriuria in elderly institutionalised men. N Engl J Med 1983; 309: 1420–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Fossberg, E, Sander, S, Beisland, HO.Urinary incontinence in the elderly. A pilot study. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1981: 60: 5153.Google Scholar
15Cantor, TJ, Bates, CP.A comparative study of symptoms and objective urodynamic findings in 214 incontinent women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1980; 87: 889–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16Malone-Lee, JG. The characterization of the urodynamics of elderly people with lower urinary tract dysfunction [Thesis]. London: University of London, 1991.Google Scholar
17Hilton, P, Varma, RT. The menopause. In: Stanton, SL ed. Clinical gynaecological urology. Toronto: CV Mosby, 1986: 343–53.Google Scholar
18Brocklehurst, JC.Bladder outlet obstruction in elderly women. Modern Geriatrics 1972; 2: 108–13.Google Scholar
19Robinson, JM.Is oestrogen deficiency related to urinary incontinence? Geriatric Medicine 1984; 14: 173–75.Google Scholar
20Mellstrom, D.Ekelund, P, Milsom, I, Molander, U.Special health services-an introduction to a programme for elderly women with urinary incontinence and related symptoms. Maturitas 1988; 9: 289–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21Abrams, P, Blaivas, G, Stanton, S, Andersen, J.The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1988; 114: 519.Google ScholarPubMed
22Malone-Lee, JG.New data on the urodynamics of the symptomatic elderly. Neurourology and Urodynamics 1990; 9: 409–10.Google Scholar
23Eastwood, H, Lord, A.Are there two types of detrusor hyperreflexia? Neurourology and Urodynamics 1990; 9: 415–16.Google Scholar
24Frewen, WK.A reassessment of bladder training in detrusor dysfunction in the female. Br J Urol 1982; 54: 372–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25Castleden, CM, George, CF, Renwick, AG, Asher, MJ.Imipramine- a possible alternative to current therapy for urinary incontinence in the elderly. J Urol 1981; 125: 318–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26Koyanagi, T, Maru, A, Taniguchi, K et al. Clinical evaluation of oxybutynin hydrochloride tablets for the treatment of neurogenic bladder and unstable bladder. A parallel double-blind controlled study with placebo. Nishinihon J Urol 1986; 48: 1052–72.Google Scholar
27Wiseman, P, Malone-Lee, JG, Rai, G.A study of Terodiline with bladder retraining in the treatment of detrusor instability in the frail elderly. Br Med J 1991; 302: 994–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28McLeod, AA, Thorgood, S, Barnett, S.Torsades de pointes complicating treatment with terodiline. Br Med J 1991; 302: 1276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29Malone-Lee, JG. The pharmacokinetics of oxybutynin in the frail elderly. 1990 (unpublished observations).Google Scholar
30Hilton, P, Stanton, SL.The use of Desmopressin (DDAVP) in nocturnal urinary frequency in the female. Br J Urol 1982; 54: 252–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31Hill, AV.The heat of shortening and the dynamic constants of muscle. Proc R Soc Lond [Biol] 1938; B126: 136–95.Google Scholar
32Guyton, C. Contraction of muscle. In: Guyton, C ed. Medical physiology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1971: 7996.Google Scholar
33Wilkie, DR.Muscle. London: Edward Arnold, 1978.Google Scholar
34Griffiths, DJ.Urodynamics: the mechanics and hydrodynamics of the lower urinary tract, Medical Physics Handbooks. Bristol: Adam Hilger, 1980.Google Scholar
35Griffiths, DJ, Van Mastrigt, R, Van Duyl, WA, Coolseat, BLR.Active mechanical properties of the smooth muscle of the urinary bladder. Med Biol Eng Comput 1979; 17: 281–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36Van Mastrigt, R, Koopal, JWB, Hak, J, Van Wetering, J.Modelling the contractility of urinary bladder smooth muscle using isometric contractions. Am J Physiol 1986; 251: 978–83.Google ScholarPubMed
37Griffiths, DJ.Urethral elasticity and micturition hydrodynamics in females. Med Biol Eng Comput 1969; 7: 201–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38Griffiths, DJ.Hydrodynamics of male micturition. 1: Theory of steady flow through elastic walled tubes. Med Biol Eng Comput 1971; 9: 581–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39Griffiths, DJ.Hydrodynamics of male micturition. 2: Measurements of stream parameters and urethral elasticity. Med Biol Eng Comput 1971; 9: 589–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40Griffiths, DJ.The mechanics of the urethra and of micturition. Br J Urol 1973: 45: 497507.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
41Griffiths, DJ.The mechanical functions of the bladder and urethra in micturition. Int J Urol Nephrol 1974: 6: 177–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42Griffiths, DJ.Negative resistance effects in flow through collapsible tubes. 1: Relaxation oscillations. Med Biol Eng Comput 1975; 13: 785–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43Griffiths, DJ.Negative resistance effects in flow through collapsible tubes. 2: Two dimensional theory of flow near an elastic constriction. Med Biol Eng Comput 1975; 13: 791–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44Griffiths, DJ.Negative resistance effects in flow through collapsible tubes. 3: Two dimensional treatment of the elastic properties of elastic constriction. Med Biol Eng Comput 1975; 13: 797802.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
45Griffiths, DJ.Urodynamic assessment of bladder function. Br J Urol 1977; 49: 2936.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
46Van Mastrigt, R, Griffiths, DJ.Contractility of the urinary bladder. Urol Int 1979; 34: 410–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47Van Mastrigt, R, Griffiths, DJ.An evaluation of contractility parameters determined from isometric contractions and micturition studies. Urol Res 1985; 14: 4552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48Griffiths, DJ, Rollema, HJ.Urine flow curves of healthy males: a mathematical model of bladder and urethral function during micturition. Med Biol Eng Comput 1979; 17: 291300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49Lapides, J.Further observations on self catheterisation. J Urol 1976; 116: 109–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar