Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T15:25:52.351Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Pain management in old age

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 November 2008

Paul AJ Hardy
Paul AJ Hardy*
Affiliation:
Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, UK
*
Paul AJ Hardy, Pain Management Unit, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Great Western Road, Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Clinical geriatrics
Information
Reviews in Clinical Gerontology , Volume 5 , Issue 3 , August 1995 , pp. 259 - 273
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Potter, RG. The frequency of presentation of pain in general practice. J Pain Soc 1990; 8: 11–14.Google Scholar
2Bowsher, DR, Rigge, M, Sopp, L. Prevalence of chronic pain in the British population: a telephone survey of 1037 households. Pain Clin 1991; 4: 223–30.Google Scholar
3Melding, PS. Is there such a thing as geriatric pain? Pain 1991; 46: 119–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4Bowsher, DR, Lahuerta, J, Lipton, S. Pain patients: a retrospective survey of 1056 cases. Pain Clin 1987; 1: 163–70.Google Scholar
5Swarm, RA, Cousins, MJ. Anaesthetic techniques for pain control. In: Doyle, D, Hanks, G, Macdonald, N eds. Oxford textbook of palliative medicine. Oxford: OUP, 1993: 204–21.Google Scholar
6Bredt, DS, Snyder, SH. Nitric oxide, a novel neuronal messenger. Neuron 1992; 8: 3–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7Meiler, ST, Gebhart, GF. Nitric oxide (NO) and nociceptive processing in the spinal cord. Pain 1993; 52: 127–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Gaily, JA, Montague, PR, JrReeke, GN, Edelman, CM. The NO hypothesis: possible effects of a short lived, rapidly diffusible signal in the development and function of the nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 3547–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Dawson, VL, Dawson, TM, London, ED, Bredt, DS, Snyder, SH. Nitric oxide mediates glutamate neurotoxicity in primary cortical cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 6358–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10Kimes, AS, Vaupel, DB, Bruckner, M, London, ED. Nitroarginine, a nitric oxide synthetase inhibitor, attenuates morphine withdrawal. Soc Neurosci Abs 1991; 17: 538.Google Scholar
11Stannard, CF, Porter, GE. Ketamine hydrochloride in the treatment of phantom limb pain. Pain 1993; 54: 227–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12Kristensen, JD, Svensson, B, Gordt, T. The NMDA receptor antagonist CPP abolishes neurogenic ‘wind up pain’ after intrathecal administration in humans. Pain 1992; 51: 249–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13Backonja, M, Arndt, G, Combar, KA, Check, B, Zimmerman, M. Response of chronic neuropathic pain syndromes to ketamine: a preliminary study. Pain 1994; 56: 51–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14Wells, JCD, Woolf, CJ. Pain mechanisms and management. Br Med Bull 1991; 47: 523–675.Google Scholar
15Coderre, TJ, Katz, J, Vaccarino, AL, Melzack, R. Contributino of central neuroplasticity to pathological pain: review of clinical and experimental evidence. Pain 1993; 52: 259–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16Bach, S, Noreng, MF, Tjellden, NU. Phantom limb pain in amputees during the first 12 months following limb amputation, after preoperative lumbar epidural blockade. Pain 1988; 33: 297–301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17Rappaport, ZH, Devor, M. Trigeminal neuralgia: the role of self sustaining discharges in the trigeminal ganglion. Pain 1994; 56: 127–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18Casey, KL. Central pain syndromes: current views on pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Reg Anesth 1992; 17: 59–68.Google ScholarPubMed
19Tremblay, N, Allard, N, Veillette, Y. Effect of age on pain perception: preliminary results. Seventh World Congress on Pain Abstracts. Seattle: IASP, 1993: 98.Google Scholar
20Heft, MW, Cooper, BY, O'Brien, KK. Age differences in the perception of painful and non-painful thermal stimulus in humans. Seventh World Congress on Pain Abstracts. Seattle: IASP, 1993: 98.Google Scholar
21Harkins, SW. Pain in the elderly. p355–67. In: Dubner, R, Gebhart, GF, Bond, MR eds. Proceedings of the Fifth World Congress on Pain. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988: 355–67.Google Scholar
22Porter, FL, Miller, JP, Morris, J, Berg, L. Pain in aging: attention, cognitive performance, perception and physiologic response. Seventh World Congress on Pain Abstract. Seattle: IASP, 1993: 99.Google Scholar
23Kotler-Cope, S, Gerber, KE. Is age related to response to treatment for chronic pain? p100. Seventh World Congress on Pain Abstracts. Seattle: IASP, 1993: 100.Google Scholar
24Hodgson, JE, Suda, KT, Bruce, BK, Rome, JD. Depression in the elderly chronic pain patient. Seventh World Congress on Pain Abstracts. Seattle: IASP, 1993: 99–100.Google Scholar
25Mosley, TH, McCracken, LM, Gross, RT, Penzien, DB, Plaud, JJ. Age, pain and impairment: results from two clinical samples. Seventh World Congress on Pain Abstracts. Seattle: IASP, 1993: 99.Google Scholar
26Memran-Pourcher, N, Capriz-Buvat, F. Pain in the elderly: non-verbal study as assessment. p98. Seventh World Congress on Pain Abstracts. Seattle: IASP, 1993: 98.Google Scholar
27Magni, G, Caldieron, C, Rigatti-Luckini, S, Merskey, H. Chronic musculoskeletal pain and depressive symptoms in the general population. An analysis of the 1st National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Pain 1990; 43: 299–307.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28Parmelee, PA, Katz, IR, Lawton, MP. The relation of pain to depression among institutionalised aged. J Gerontol 1991; 46: 15–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29Folkmann, S, Lazarus, RS, Pimley, S, Novacek, J. Age differences in stress and coping processes. Psychol Aging 1987; 2: 171–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30Keefe, FJ, Williams, DA. A comparison of coping strategies in chronic pain patients in different age groups. J Gerontol 1990; 45: 161–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31McIntosh, IB. Psychological aspects influence the threshold of pain. Geriatr Med 1990; 20: 37–41.Google Scholar
32Milligan, KA, Atkinson, RE. The ‘two week syndrome’ associated with injection treatment for chronic pain – fact or fiction? Pain 1991; 44: 165–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33Melzack, R. Phantom limbs. Reg Anesth 1989; 14: 208–11.Google ScholarPubMed
34Wall, PD. The placebo effect: an unpopular topic. Pain 1992; 51: 1–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35Fine, PG, Roberts, WJ, Gillette, RG, Child, TR. Slowly developng palcebo responses confound tests of intravenous phentolamine to determine mechanisms underlying idiopathic chronic low back pain. Pain 1994; 56: 235–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36Marchand, S, Charest, J, Li, J, Chenard, J-R, Lavingmole, B, Lavencelle, L. Is TENS purely a placebo effect? A controlled study on chronic low back pain. Pain 1993; 54: 99–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37Richardson, PH. Placebo effects in pain management. Pain Reviews 1994; 1: 15–32.Google Scholar
38Verdugo, RJ, Ochoa, JL. Placebo response in chronic, causalgiform, ‘neuropathic’ pain patients: study and review. Pain Rev 1994; 1: 33–46.Google Scholar
39Connelly, RJ. Nursing responsibility for the placebo effect. J Med Philos 1991; 16: 325–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40Onghena, P, Van Houdenhove, B. Antidepressant induced analgesia in chronic non-malignant pain: a metaanalysis of 39 placebo controlled studies. Pain 1992; 49: 205–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41Portenoy, RK. Pharmacological management of chronic pain. p257–78. In: Fields, HL ed. Pain syndromes in neurology. London: Butterworths, 1990: 257–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42Glynn, C. A study of post-herpetic neuralgia and its treatment. Pain Clin 1987; 1: 237–46.Google Scholar
43Max, MB, Kishore-Kumar, R, Schafer, SC et al. Efficacy of desipramine in painful diabetic neuropathy: a placebo controlled trial. Pain 1991; 45: 3–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44Budd, K. Capsaicin: topical therapy for postherpetic neuralgia. Prescriber 1993; 5: 31–34.Google Scholar
45Deal, C, Schnitzer, TJ, Lipstein, E et al. Treatment of arthritis with topical capsaicin: a double blind trial. Clin Ther 1991; 13: 383–95.Google ScholarPubMed
46Watson, CPN, Evans, RJ. The postmastectomy syndrome and topical capsaicin: a randomized trial. Pain 1992; 51: 375–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47Rayner, HC, Atkins, RC, Westerman, RA. Relief of local stump pain by capsaicin cream. Lancet 1989; ii: 1276–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48Cheshire, WP, Snyder, CR. Treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy with topical capsaicin. Case report. Pain 1990; 42: 307–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
49Jaeger, H, Maier, C. Calcitonin in phantom limb pain: a double-blind study. Pain 1992; 48: 21–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
50Overgaard, K, Riis, BJ, Christiansen, C, Hansen, MA. Effect of salcatonin given intranasally on early postmenopausal bone loss. BMJ 1989; 299: 477–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
51Christiansen, C. Intranasal calcitonin for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Ann Chir Gynaecol 1988; 77: 229–34.Google ScholarPubMed
52Italian Osteoporosis Network. Elcatonin in the treatment of osteoporosis. Curr Ther Res 1989; 45: 502–15.Google Scholar
53Maissie, MJ, Holland, J. The cancer patient with pain: psychiatric complications and their management. Med Clin North Am 1987; 74: 243–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
54Katon, W, Roskind, M. Treatment of depression in medically ill elderly with methylphenidate. Am J Psychol 1980; 137: 963–65.Google ScholarPubMed
55Bruera, E, Miller, MJ, Macmillan, K, Kuehn, N. Neuropsychological effects of methylphenidate in patients receiving a continuous infusion of narcotics for cancer pain. Pain 1992; 48: 163–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
56Hardy, PAJ. The role of the pain clinic in the management of the terminally ill. Br J Hosp Med 1990; 43: 142–46.Google ScholarPubMed
57Marsh, CR, Hardy, PAJ. Ropivacaine: a new local anaesthetic agent. Br J Hosp Med 1991; 45: 94–95.Google ScholarPubMed
58Perry, H, Nash, TP. Scar neuromata. Pain Clin 1992; 5: 3–7.Google Scholar
59Nash, TP. Facet joints – intraarticular steroid or nerve block. Pain Clin 1990; 3: 77–82.Google Scholar
60Slav, A, Sternberg, A, Landau, M, Ovadia, L, Weksler, N. Intraarticular injection of a proliferant for pain relief in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Preliminary results. Pain Clin 1992; 5: 85–89.Google Scholar
61Stein, C, Comisel, K, Haimerl, E et al. Analgesic effect of intraarticular morphine after arthroscopic knee surgery. New Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1123–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
62Murphy, DF. Interpleural analgesia. Br J Anaesth 1993; 71: 426–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
63Hardy, PAJ. Studies of the mechanism of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation using thermal thresholds and skin thermography. Pain Clin 1993; 6: 233–39.Google Scholar
64Johnson, MI, Ashton, CH, Thompson, JW. An in depth study of long term use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulations (TENS). Implications for clinical use of TENS. Pain 1991; 44: 221–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
65Meyler, WJ, de Jongste, MJL, Rolf, CAM. Clinical evaluation of pain treatment with electrostimulation: a study on TENS in patients with different pain syndromes. Clin J Pain 1994; 10: 22–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
66Mannheimer, C, Eliasson, T, Andersson, B et al. Effects of spinal cord stimulation in angina pectoris induced by pacing and possible mechanisms of action. BMJ 1993; 307: 477–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
67Watkins, ES, Koeze, TH. Spinal cord stimulation and pain relief. BMJ 1993; 307: 462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
68Seijo, F, Moreno, JM, Jarndat, M, Lopez, JM. Spinal cord stimulation in postsurgical low back pain. Pain Clin 1993; 6: 241–47.Google Scholar
69Devulder, J, De Colvenaer, L, Rolly, G, Caemaert, J, Calliaun, L, Martens, F. Spinal cord stimulation in chronic pain therapy. Clin J Pain 1990; 6: 151–56.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
70North, RB, Ewend, MG, Lawton, MT, Riantadosi, S. Spinal cord stimulation for chronic, intractable pain: superiority of ‘multi channel’ devices. Pain 1991; 44: 119–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
71Baldry, PE. Acupuncture, trigger points and musculoskeletal pain. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1989.Google Scholar
72Lundeberg, T, Eriksson, SV, Lundeberg, S, Thomas, M. Effect of acupuncture and naloxone in patients with osteoarthritis pain: a sham acupuncture controlled study. Pain Clin 1991; 4: 155–61.Google Scholar
73Christensen, BV, Luhl, IU, Vilbek, H, Bulow, HH, Dreijer, NC, Rasmussen, HF. Acupuncture treatment of severe knee osteoarthritis: a long term study. Acta Anaesth Scand 1992; 36: 519–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
74Hardy, PAJ, Hill, P. A multidisciplinary approach to pain management. Br J Hosp Med 1990; 43: 45–47.Google ScholarPubMed
75Middaugh, SJ, Levin, RB, Kee, WG, Barchiesi, FD, Roberts, JM. Chronic pain: its treatment in geriatric and younger patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1988; 69: 1021–26.Google ScholarPubMed
76Sorkin, BA, Rudy, TE, Hanlon, RB, Turk, DC, Steig, RL. Chronic pain in old and young patients: differences appear less important than similarities. J Gerontol Psychol Sci 1990; 45: 64–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
77Cutler, RB, Fishbain, DA, Lu, Y, Rosomoff, RS, Rosomoff, HL. Prediction of pain center treatment outcome for geriatric chronic pain patients. Clin J Pain 1994; 10: 10–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
78Conacher, ID. Therapists and therapies for post thoracotomy neuralgia. Pain 1992; 48: 409–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
79Regnard, CFB, Tempest, S. A guide to symptom relief in advanced cancer. Manchester: Haigh and Hochland, 1992.Google Scholar
80Haker, E, Lundeberg, T. Elbow-band, splintage and steroids in lateral epicondylalgia (tennis elbow). Pain Clin 1993; 6: 103–12.Google Scholar
81Cushnaghan, J, McCarthy, C, Dieppe, P. Taping the patella medially: a new treatment for osteoarthritis of the knee joint? BMJ 1994; 308: 753–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
82Chan, AW, Macfarlane, IA, Bowsher, D, Wells, JC, Bessex, C, Griffiths, K. Chronic pain in patients with diabetes mellitus: comparison with a non diabetic population. Pain Clin 1989; 3: 147–59.Google Scholar
83Zeigler, D, Lynch, GA, Muir, J, Benjamin, J, Max, MB. Transdermal clonidine versus placebo in painful diabetic neuropathy. Pain 1992; 48: 403–408.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
84Hardy, PAJ, Bowsher, DR. Contact thermography in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia and other facial pains. Br J Neurosurg 1989; 3: 399–402.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
85Ischia, S, Luzzani, A, Polati, E. Retrogasserian glycerol injection: a retrospective study of 112 patients. Clin J Pain 1990; 6: 291–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
86Ischia, S, Luzzani, A, Polati, E, Ischia, A. Percutaneous controlled thermocoagulation in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Clin J Pain 1990; 6: 96–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
87Morley, JS, Miles, JB, Wells, JC, Bowsher, D. Paradoxical pain. Lancet 1992; 340: 1045.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
88Bowsher, D. Paradoxical pain. BMJ 1993; 306: 473–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
89Hardy, PAJ. Dilemma in pain management: opioids may be the cause not the relief of the problems. Br J Hosp Medr 1993; 50: 339.Google Scholar