Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T19:11:53.008Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mild cognitive impairment and mood: a systematic review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 November 2013

Jennifer A Yates ,
Linda Clare  and
Robert T Woods
Jennifer A Yates*
Affiliation:
Dementia Services Development Centre, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
Linda Clare
Affiliation:
Dementia Services Development Centre, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
Robert T Woods
Affiliation:
Dementia Services Development Centre, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
*
Address for correspondence: Miss Jennifer Yates, Dementia Services Development Centre, 45 College Road, Bangor Gwynedd LL57 2DG Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

This systematic review, with meta-analyses conducted where data were available, aimed to investigate the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to establish how symptoms of depression and anxiety relate to the progression from no cognitive impairment to MCI, and from MCI to dementia. Sixty studies were included in the review. Meta-analyses indicated that symptoms of depression and anxiety were more prevalent in people with MCI than in people with normal cognitive function, and increased the risk of progression from no cognitive impairment to MCI. There were mixed results regarding the effect of such symptoms on progression from MCI to dementia. The findings highlight the need for more research in this area, which can inform attempts to slow or halt the progression of cognitive impairment in later life, with resulting benefits for quality of life.

Keywords

depressionanxietymemorymeta-analysisneuropsychiatric symptoms
Type
Review Article
Information
Reviews in Clinical Gerontology , Volume 23 , Issue 4 , November 2013 , pp. 317 - 356
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Matthews, FE, Stephan, BCM, McKeith, IG, Bond, J, Brayne, C. Two year progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia: To what extent do different definitions agree? J Am Geriatrics Soc 2008; 56: 1424–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2Stephan, BCM, Brayne, C, McKeith, IG, Bond, J, Matthews, FE. Mild cognitive impairment in the older population: Who is missed and does it matter? Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2008; 23: 863–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3Wahlund, LO, Pihlstrand, E, Jonhagen, M. Mild cognitive impairment: Experience from a memory clinic. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2003; 107: 21–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Wolf, H, Grunwald, M, Ecke, GM, Zedlick, D, Bettin, S, Dannenberg, C. The prognosis of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly. J Neural Transmission 1998; 54: 31–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5Dubois, B, Albert, ML. Amnestic MCI or prodromal Alzheimer's disease? Lancet Neurology 2004; 3: 246–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6Stephan, BCM, Matthews, FE, Hunter, S, Savva, GM, Bond, J. Neuropathological profile of mild cognitive impairment from a population perspective. Alzheimer's Disease Associated Disorders 2012; 26: 205–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7Petersen, RC, Doody, R, Kurz, A, Mohs, RC, Morris, JC, Rabins, PVet al.Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment. Archives Neurology 2001; 58: 1985–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8Barnes, DE, Alexopoulos, GS, Lopez, OL, Williamson, JD, Yaffe, K. Depressive symptoms, vascular disease, and mild cognitive impairment: findings from the Cardiovascular Health Study. Archives Gen Psychiatry 2006; 63: 273–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9Bhalla, RK, Butters, MA, Becker, JT, Houck, PR, Snitz, BE, Lopez, OLet al.Patterns of mild cognitive impairment after treatment of depression in the elderly. Am J Geriatric Psychiatry 2009; 17: 308–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10Geda, YE, Knopman, DS, Mrazek, DA, Jicha, GA, Smith, GE, Negash, Set al.Depression, apolipoprotein E genotype, and the incidence of mild cognitive impairment: a prospective cohort study. Archives Neurology 2006; 63: 435–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11Butters, MA, Bhalla, RK, Andreescu, C, Wetherell, JL, Mantella, R, Begley, AEet al.Changes in neuropsychological functioning following treatment for late-life generalised anxiety disorder. Br J Psychiatry 2011; 199: 211–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12Palmer, K, Berger, AK, Monastero, R, Winblad, B, Backman, L, Fratiglioni, L. Predictors of progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2007; 68: 1596–602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13Chan, DC, Kasper, JD, Black, BS, Rabins, PV. Prevalence and correlates of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms in community-dwelling elders with dementia or mild cognitive impairment: the Memory and Medical Care Study. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2003; 18: 174–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14Roberts, JL, Clare, L, Woods, RT. Subjective memory complaints and awareness of memory functioning in mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2009; 28: 95–109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15Whiting, P, Rutjes, AWS, Reitsma, JB, Bossuyt, PM, Kleijnen, J. The development of QUADAS: a tool for the quality assessment of studies of diagnostic accuracy included in systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Meth 2003; 3: 25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16Vicini Chilovi, B, Conti, M, Zanetti, M, Mazzu, I, Rozzini, L, Padovani, A. Differential impact of apathy and depression in the development of dementia in mild cognitive impairment patients. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2009; 27: 390–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17Lee, JS, Potter, GG, Wagner, HR, Welsh-Bohmer, KA, Steffens, D. Persistent mild cognitive impairment in geriatric depression. Int Psychogeriatrics 2006; 19: 125–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18Goveas, JS, Espeland, MA, Woods, NF, Wassertheil-Smoller, S, Kotchen, JM. Depressive symptoms and incidence of mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia in elderly women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. J Am Geriatrics Soc 2011; 59: 57–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19Lyketsos, CG, Lopez, O, Jones, B, Fitzpatrick, AL, Breitner, J, DeKosky, S. Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: results from the cardiovascular health study. JAMA 2002; 288: 1475–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20Muangpaisan, W, Intalapaporn, S, Assantachai, P. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in the community-based patients with mild cognitive impairment and the influence of demographic factors. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2008; 23: 699–703.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21Ryu, SH, Ha, JH, Park, DH, Yu, J, Livingston, G. Persistence of neuropsychiatric symptoms over six months in mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling Korean elderly. Int Psychogeriatrics 2011; 23: 214–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22Hwang, TJ, Masterman, DL, Ortiz, F, Fairbanks, LA, Cummings, JL. Mild cognitive impairment I associated with characteristic neuropsychiatric symptoms. Alzheimer's Disease and Associated Disorders 2004; 18: 17–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23Baiyewu, O, Unverzagt, FW, Ogunniyi, A, Smith-Gamble, V, Gureje, O, Lane, KAet al.Behavioural symptoms in community-dwelling elderly Nigerians with dementia, mild cognitive impairment and normal cognition. Int J Geriatric Psychology 2012; 27: 931–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24Collie, A, Maruff, P, Currie, J. Behavioral characterization of mild cognitive impairment. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2002; 24: 720–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25Cherbuin, N, Reglade-Meslin, C, Kumar, R, Jacomb, P, Easteal, S, Christensen, Het al.Risk factors of transition from normal cognition to mild cognitive disorder: The PATH through Life Study. Dementia Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2009; 28: 47–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26Steenland, K, Karnes, C, Seals, R, Carnevale, C, Hermida, A, Levey, A. Late-life depression as a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease in 30 US Alzheimer's disease centers. J Alzheimer's Disease 2012; 31: 265–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27Petersen, RC. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Int Med 2004; 256: 183–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28Petersen, RC, Smith, GE, Waring, SC, Ivnik, RJ, Tangalos, EG, Kokmen, E. Mild cognitive impairment: Clinical characterization and outcome. Archives Neurology 1999; 56: 303–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29Forsell, Y, Palmer, K, Fratiglioni, L. Psychiatric symptoms/syndromes in elderly persons with mild cognitive impairment. Data from a cross-sectional study. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Suppl 2003; 179: 25–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30McDougall, GJ, Becker, H, Arheart, KL. Older adults in the SeniorWISE Study at risk for mild cognitive impairment. Archives Psychiatric Nursing 2006; 20: 126–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31Rozzini, L, Chilovi, BV, Peli, M, Conti, M, Rozzini, R, Trabucchi, Met al.Anxiety symptoms in mild cognitive impairment. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2009; 24: 300–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32Devier, DJ, Pelton, GH, Tabert, MH, Liu, X, Cuasay, K, Eisenstadt, Ret al.The impact of anxiety on conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2009; 24: 1335–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33Hidaka, S, Ikejima, C, Kodama, C, Nose, M, Yamashita, F, Sasaki, Met al.Prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms among older Japanese people: comorbidity of mild cognitive impairment and depression. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2012; 27: 271–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34Elfgren, C, Gustafson, L, Vestberg, S, Passant, U. Subjective memory complaints, neuropsychological performance and psychiatric variables in memory clinic attendees: a 3-year follow-up study. Archives Gerontology Geriatrics 2010; 51: e110–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35Robert, PH, Clairet, S, Benoit, M, Koutaich, J, Bertogliati, C, Tible, Oet al.The Apathy Inventory: Assessment of apathy and awareness in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2002; 17: 1099–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36Kruger, TM, Abner, EL, Mendiondo, M, Schmitt, FA, Smith, CD, Jicha, GA. Differential reports of pain and depression differentiate mild cognitive impairment from cognitively intact elderly participants. J Geriatric Psychiatry Neurol 2012; 25: 107–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37Luppa, M, Sikorski, C, Luck, T, Weyerer, S, Villringer, A, Konig, HHet al.Prevalence and risk factors of depressive symptoms in latest life – results of the Leipzig Longitudinal Study of the Aged (Leila 75+). Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2012; 27: 286–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38Winblad, B, Palmer, K, Kivipelto, M, Jelic, V, Fratiglioni, L, Wahlund, LO. Mild cognitive impairment – beyond controversies, towards a consensus: Report of the International Working Group on mild cognitive impairment. J Internal Med 2004; 256: 240–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39Wilson, RS, Schneider, JA, Boyle, PA, Arnold, SE, Tang, Y, Bennett, DA. Chronic distress and incidence of mild cognitive impairment. Neurology 2007; 68: 2085–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40Palmer, K, Di Iulio, F, Varsi, AE, Gianni, W, Sancesario, G, Caltagirone, Cet al.Neuropsychiatric predictors of progression from amnestic-mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease: the role of depression and apathy. J Alzheimer's Disease 2010; 20: 175–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
41Adler, G, Chwalek, K, Jajcevic, A. Six-month course of mild cognitive impairment and affective symptoms in late-life depression. European Psychiatry 2004; 19: 502–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42Lopez, OL, Becker, JT, Jagust, WJ, Fitzpatrick, A, Carlson, MC, DeKosky, STet al.Neuropsychological characteristics of mild cognitive impairment subgroups. J Neurol Neurosurgery Psychiatry 2006; 77: 159–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43Ramakers, IH, Visser, PJ, Aalten, P, Kester, A, Jolles, J, Verhey, FR. Affective symptoms as predictors of Alzheimer's disease in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: A 10-year follow-up study. Psychological Med 2009; 40: 1193–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44Di Iulio, F, Palmer, K, Blundo, C, Casini, AR, Gianni, W, Caltagirone, Cet al.Occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and psychiatric disorders in mild Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment subtypes. Int Psychogeriatrics 2010; 22: 629–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
45Rosenberg, PB, Mielke, MM, Appleby, BS, Oh, ES, Geda, YE, Lyketsos, CG. The association of neuropsychiatric symptoms in MCI with incident dementia and Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatric Psychiatry 2013; 21: 685–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
46Geda, YE, Roberts, RO, Knopman, DS, Petersen, RC, Christianson, TJ, Pankratz, VSet al.Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment and normal cognitive aging: population-based study. Archives Gen Psychiatry 2008; 65: 1193–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47Dotson, VM, Beydoun, MA, Zonderman, AB. Recurrent depressive symptoms and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Neurology 2010; 75: 27–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
48McIlvane, JM, Popa, MA, Robinson, B, Houseweart, K, Haley, WE. Perceptions of illness, coping, and well-being in persons with mild cognitive impairment and their care partners. Alzheimer Disease Associated Disorders 2008; 22: 284–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
49Artero, S, Ancelin, M-L, Portet, F, Dupuy, A, Berr, C, Dartigues, J-Fet al.Risk profiles for mild cognitive impairment and progression to dementia are gender specific. J Neurol Neurosurgery Psychiatry 2008; 79: 979–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
50Gabryelewicz, T, Styczynska, M, Luczywek, E, Barczak, A, Pfeffer, A, Androsiuk, Wet al.The rate of conversion of mild cognitive impairment to dementia: predictive role of depression. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2007; 22: 563–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
51Robert, PH, Berr, C, Volteau, M, Bertogliati, C, Benoit, M, Sarazin, Met al.Apathy in patients with mild cognitive impairment and the risk of developing dementia of Alzheimer's disease: A one-year follow-up study. Clin Neurol Neurosurgery 2006; 108: 733–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
52Zihl, J, Reppermund, S, Thum, S, Unger, K. Neuropsychological profiles in MCI and in depression: Differential cognitive dysfunction patterns or similar final common pathway disorder? J Psychiatric Res 2010; 44: 647–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
53Huddon, C, Belleville, S, Gauthier, S. The association between depressive and cognitive symptoms in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Int Psychogeriatrics 2008; 20: 710–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
54Gallagher, D, Coen, R, Kilroy, D, Belinski, K, Bruce, I, Coakley, Det al.Anxiety and behavioural disturbance as markers of prodromal Alzheimer's disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2011; 26: 166–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
55Johnson, LA, Mauer, C, Jahn, D, Song, M, Wyshywaniuk, L, Hall, JRet al.Cognitive differences among depressed and non-depressed MCI participants: A project FRONTIER study. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2012; 28: 377–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
56Caracciolo, B, Backman, L, Monastero, R, Winblad, B, Fratiglioni, L. The symptom of low mood in the prodromal stage of mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a cohort study of a community dwelling elderly population. J Neurol Neurosurgery Psychiatry 2011; 82: 788–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
57Rozzini, L, Vicini Chilovi, B, Conti, M, Delrio, I, Borroni, B, Trabucchi, Met al.Neuropsychiatric symptoms in amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Dementia Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2008; 25: 32–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
58Teng, E, Lu, PH, Cummings, JL. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. Dementia Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2007; 24: 253–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
59Kumar, R, Jorm, AF, Parslow, RA, Sachdev, PS. Depression in mild cognitive impairment in a community sample of individuals 60–64 years old. Int Psychogeriatrics 2006; 18: 471–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
60Panza, F, D'Introno, A, Colacicco, AM, Capurso, C, Del Parigi, A, Caselli, RJet al.Depressive symptoms, vascular risk factors and mild cognitive impairment. The Italian longitudinal study on aging. Dementia Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2008; 25: 336–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
61Houde, M, Bergman, H, Whitehead, V, Chertkow, H. A predictive depression pattern in mild cognitive impairment. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2008; 23: 1028–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
62Chertkow, H. Mild cognitive impairment. Canadian Alzheimer Disease Review 2002; 5: 15–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
63Bruscoli, M, Lovestone, S. Is MCI really just early dementia? A systematic review of conversion studies. Int Psychogeriatrics 2004; 16: 129–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
64Baars, MAE, van Boxtel, MPJ, Dijkstra, JB, Visser, PJ, van den Akker, M. Predictive value of mild cognitive impairment for dementia. Dementia Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2009; 27: 173–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
65Lenehan, ME, Klekociuk, SZ, Summers, MJ. Absence of a relationship between subjective memory complaint and objective memory impairment in mild cognitive impairment (MCI): is it time to abandon subjective memory complaint as an MCI diagnostic criterion? Int Psychogeriatrics 2012; 24: 1–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
66Minett, TS, Da Silva, RV, Ortiz, KZ, Bertolucci, PH. Subjective memory complaints in an elderly sample: A cross sectional study. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2007; 23: 49–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
67Stillman, AN, Rowe, KC, Arndt, S, Moser, DJ. Anxious symptoms and cognitive function in non-demented older adults: An inverse relationship. Int J Geriatric Psychiatry 2012; 27: 792–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
68Clare, L. Neuropsychological Assessment. In Woods, R, Clare, L (eds), Handbook of the Clinical Psychology of Ageing, 2nd edn, pp. 363–83. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2008.Google Scholar
69Jak, AJ, Bondi, MW, Delano-Wood, L, Wierenga, C, Corey-Bloom, J. Quantification of five neuropsychological approaches to defining mild cognitive impairment. Am J Geriatric Psychiatry 2009; 17: 368–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
70Fisk, JD, Rockwood, K. Outcomes of incident mild cognitive impairment in relation to case definition. J Neurol Neurosurgery Psychiatry 2005; 76: 1175–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed