Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T01:59:55.307Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The diagnosis of urinary ‘infection’ in old people

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 November 2008

JE Clague*
Affiliation:
University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
MA Horan
Affiliation:
University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
*
Department of Geriatric Medicine, Research and Teaching Building, University Hospital of South Manchester, Nell Lane, Manchester M20 2LR, UK.

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Clinical geriatrics
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Kass, EH. Asymptomatic infection in the urinary tract. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 1956; 69: 5664.Google Scholar
2Kass, EH. Bacteriuria in the diagnosis of infections of the urinary tract. Arch Intern Med 1957; 100: 709714.Google Scholar
3Kass, EH. Bacilluria in pregnancy [Letter]. Lancet 1962; i: 46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Lipsky, BA, Ireton, RC, Fihn, SD, Hackett, R, Berger, RE. Diagnosis of bacteriuria in men: specimen collection and culture interpretation. J Infect Dis 1987; 155: 847–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5Stamm, WE, Counts, GW, Running, KR, Fihn, S, Turck, M, Holmes, KK. Diagnosis of coliform infection in acutely disurie women. N Engl J Med 1982; 307: 463–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Elliott, TSJ, Reed, L, Slack, RGB, Bishop, MC. Bacteriology and ultrastructure of the bladder in patients with urinary tract infections. J Infection 1985; 11: 191–99.Google Scholar
7Dontas, AS, Parasaki, I, Petrikkos, G, Giamarellou, H. Diuresis bacteriuria in physically dependent women. Age Ageing 1977; 16: 215–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Kunin, CM. Detection, prevention and management of urinary tract infections, fourth edition. Philadelphia: Lee and Febiger, 1987.Google Scholar
9Roberts, AP, Robinson, RE, Beard, RW. Some factors affecting bacterial colony counts in urinary infection. BMJ 1967; i: 400403.Google Scholar
10Lipsky, BA, Inui, TS, Plorde, JJ, Berger, RE. Is the clean-catch midstream void procedure necessary for obtaining urine culture specimens from men? Am J Med 1984; 76: 257–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11Stamey, TA, Govan, DE, Palmer, JM. The localization and treatment of urinary infections: the role of bactericidal urine levels as opposed to serum levels. Medicine (Baltimore) 1965; 44: 136.Google Scholar
12Immergut, MA, Gilbert, EC, Frensilli, FJ, Goble, M. The myth of the clean catch urine specimen. Urology 1981; 17: 339–40.Google Scholar
13Morris, RW, Watts, MR, Reeves, DS. Perineal cleansing before and after midstream urine, a necessary ritual? Lancet 1979; ii: 158–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Moore-Smith, B. Suprapubic aspiration in the diagnosis of urinary infection in the elderly. Mod Geriatrics 1971; 1: 124–27.Google Scholar
15Bentzen, A, Vejlsgaard, R. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in elderly subjects. Dan Med Bull 1980; 27: 101105.Google ScholarPubMed
16Turck, M, Goffe, B, Petersdorf, RG. The urethral catheter and urinary tract infection. J Urol 1962; 88: 834–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17Sheldon, CA, Gonzalez, R. Differentiation of upper and lower urinary tract infections: how and when? Med Clin North Am 1984; 68: 321–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18Suntharalingam, M, Seth, V, Moore-Smith, B. Site of urinary tract infection in elderly women admitted to an acute geriatric assessment unit. Age Ageing 1983; 12: 317–22.Google Scholar
19Jones, Sr, Smith, JW, Sanford, JP. Localization of urinary tract infections by detection of antibody-coated bacteria in urine sediment. N Engl J Med 1974; 290: 591–93.Google Scholar
20Nicolle, LE, Orr, BP, Wilkins, J, Harding, GKM. Urinary immunoreactive interleukin-lα and interleukin-6 in bacteriuric elderly subjects. J Urol 1993; 149: 1049–53.Google Scholar
21Norman, DC, Yamamura, R, Yoshikawa, TT. Pyuria: its predictive value of asymptomatic bacteriuria in ambulatory elderly men. J Urol 1986; 135: 520–22.Google Scholar
22Evans, PJ, Leaker, BR, McNabb, WR, Lewis, RR. Accuracy of reagent strip for urinary tract infection in the elderly. J R Soc Med 1991; 84: 598–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23Kellogg, JA, Manzella, JP, Shaffer, SN, Schwartz, BB. Clinical relevance of culture versus screens for the detection of microbial pathogens in urine specimens. Am J Med 1987; 83: 739–45.Google Scholar
24Boscia, JA, Abrutyn, E, Levison, ME, Pitsakis, PG, Kaye, D. Pyuria and asymptomatic bacteriuria in elderly ambulatory women. Ann Intern Med 1989; 110: 404405.Google Scholar
25Kraft, JK, Stamey, TA. The natural history of symptomatic recurrent bacteriuria in women. Medicine 1977; 56: 5560.Google Scholar
26Mimms, AD, Norman, DC, Yamamura, RH, Yoshikawa, TT. Clinically inapparent (asymptomatic) bacteriuria in ambulatory elderly men: epidemiological, clinical and microbiological findings. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990; 38: 1209–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27Akhtar, AJ, Andrews, GR, Caird, FI, Fallon, RJ. Urinary tract infection in the elderly: a population study. Age Ageing 1972; 1: 4854.Google Scholar
28Brocklehurst, JC, Dillane, JB, Griffiths, L, Fry, J. The prevalence and symptomatology of urinary infection in the aged population. Gerontol Clin 1968; 10: 242–53.Google Scholar
29Sourander, LB. Urinary tract infection in the aged – an epidemiological study. Ann Med Intern Fenn 1966; 55 (suppl 45): 755.Google Scholar
30Nicolle, LE, Bjornson, J, Harding, KM, MacDonnell, JA. Bacteriuria in elderly institutionalized men. N Engl J Med 1983; 309: 1420–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31Nordenstam, GR, Ake Brandberg, C, Oden, AS, Svanborg Eden, CM, Svanborg, A. Bacteriuria and mortality in an elderly population. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 1152–56.Google Scholar
32Nicolle, LE, Mayhew, WJ, Bryan, L. Prospective randomized comparisons of therapy and no therapy for asymptomatic bacteriuria in institutionalized elderly women. Am J Med 1987; 83: 2733.Google Scholar
33Boscia, JA, Kobasa, WD, Abrutyn, E, Kaplan, AM, Kaye, D. Lack of association between bacteriuria and symptoms in the elderly. Am J Med 1986; 81: 979–82.Google Scholar
34Gleckman, R, Hibert, D. Afebrile bacteremia. A phenomenon in geriatric patients. JAMA 1982; 248: 1478–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35Strijbos, PJL, Rothwell, NJ, Horan, MA. Aging and the febrile response. In: Horan, MA, Little, RA eds. Injury in the aging. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996 (in press).Google Scholar
36Tandberg, D, Sklar, D. Effect of tachypnoea on the estimation of body temperature by an oral thermometer. N Engl J Med 1983; 308: 945–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37Berman, P, Fox, RA. Fever in the elderly. Age Ageing 1985; 14: 327–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38McAlpine, CH, Martin, BJ, Lennox, IM, Roberts, MA. Pyrexia in infection in the elderly. Age Ageing 1986; 15: 230–34.Google Scholar
39Darowski, A, Najim, Z, Weinberg, JR, Guz, A. Hypothermia and infection in the elderly. Age Ageing 1991; 20: 100106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40Darowski, A, Najim, Z, Weinberg, JR, Guz, A. The increase in body temperature of elderly patients in the first twenty-four hours following admission. Age Ageing 1991; 20: 107–12.Google Scholar
41Myers, BR, Sherman, E, Hendelson, MH et al. Bloodstream infections in the elderly. Am J Med 1989; 86: 379–84.Google Scholar
42Rudman, D, Hontanosas, A, Cohen, Z, Mattson, DE. Clinical correlates of bacteremia in a Veterans' Administration extended care facility. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988; 36: 726–32.Google Scholar
43Nicolle, LE, Henderson, E, Bjornson, J, McIntyre, M, Godfrey, GK, MacDonnell, JA. The association of bacteriuria with resident characteristics and survival in elderly institutionalized men. Ann Intern Med 1987; 106: 682–86.Google Scholar
44Brocklehurst, JC, Bee, P, Jones, D, Palmer, MK. Bacteriuria in geriatric hospital patients: its correlates and management. Age Ageing 1977; 6: 240–45.Google Scholar
45Boscia, JA, Kobasa, WD, Knight, RA, Abrutyn, E, Levison, ME, Kaye, D. Epidemiology of bacteriuria in an elderly ambulatory population. Am J Med 1986; 80: 208–14.Google Scholar
46Evans, DA, Kass, EH, Hennekens, CH et al. Bacteriuria and subsequent mortality in women. Lancet 1982; i: 156–58.Google Scholar
47Dontas, AS, Kasviki-Carvati, P, Chem, L, Papanayiotou, PC, Marketos, SG. Bacteriuria and survival in old age. N Engl J Med 1981; 304: 939–43.Google Scholar
48Abrutyn, E, Mossey, J, Berlin, JA et al. Does asymptomatic bacteriuria predict mortality and does antimicrobial treatment reduce mortality in elderly ambulant women? Ann Intern Med 1994; 120: 827–33.Google Scholar
49Clague, JE, Horan, MA. Urine culture in the elderly: scientifically doubtful and practically useless? Lancet 1994; 344: 1035–36.Google Scholar
50Gleckman, R, Blagg, N, Hibert, D et al. Symptomatic pyelonephritis in elderly men. J Am Geriatr Soc 1982; 30: 690–93.Google Scholar
51Strand, CL, Bryant, JK, Sutton, KH. Septicaemia secondary to urinary tract infection with colony counts less than 105 CFU/ml. Am J Clin Pathol 1985; 83: 619–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
52Terpenning, MS, Bradley, SF, Wan, JY, Chenoweth, CE, Jorgenson, KA, Kauffman, CA. Colonization and infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in a long-term care facility. J Am Geriatr Soc 1994; 42: 1062–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed