Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T17:43:23.109Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Arthritis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 November 2008

Amanda Isdale*
Affiliation:
Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Unit, University of Leeds, UK
*
AH Isdale, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, 36 Clarendon Road, Leeds LS2 9NZ, UK.

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Clinical geriatrics
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Badley, EM, Tennant, A.Changing profile of joint disorders with age: findings from a postal survey of the population of Calderdale, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom. Ann Rheum Dis 1992; 51: 366–71.Google Scholar
2Badley, EM.Population projections and the effect on rheumatology. Ann Rheum Dis 1991; 50: 36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3Foster, HE, Pyle, C, Walker, DJ.Provision of medical and community services to people with severe arthritis; an audit. Br J Rheumatol 1991; 30: 356–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4Lawrence, JS, Bremner, JM, Bier, F.Osteoarthrosis, Prevalence in the population and relationship between symptoms and X-ray changes. Ann Rheum Dis 1966; 25: 124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5Kellgren, JH, Lawrence, JS.Radiological assessment of osteoarthrosis. Ann Rheum Dis 1957; 16: 494501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6Altman, R, Asch, E, Bloch, D et al. Development of criteria for the reporting of osteoarthritis: classification of the knee. Arth Rheum 1986; 29 1039–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7Kallman, DA, Wigley, FM, Scott, WW et al. . New radiographic grading scales for osteoarthritis of the hand. Arth Rheum 1989; 32: 1584–91.Google Scholar
8McAlindon, T, Dieppe, P.Osteoarthritis: definitions and criteria. Ann Rheum Dis 1989; 48: 531–32.Google Scholar
9Hart, DJ, Spector, TD, Brown, P, Wilson, P, Doyle, DV, Silman, AJ.Clinical signs of early osteoarthritis: reproducibility and relation to X-ray changes in 541 women in the general population. Ann Rheum Dis 1991; 50: 467–70.Google Scholar
10Dacre, JE, Herbert, KE, Perret, D, Huskisson, EC.The use of digital image analysis for the assessment of radiographs in osteoarthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1988; 27(suppl 1): 46.Google Scholar
11Cooper, C, Cushnaghan, J, Kirwan, J et al. . Radiographic assessment of the knee joint in osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1992; 51: 80–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12Danielsson, L, Hernborg, J.Clinical and radiological study of knee joints with osteophytes. Clin Orthop 1970; 69: 302–12.Google Scholar
13Rogers, J, Watt, I, Dieppe, P.Comparison of visual and radiographic detection of bony changes at the knee joint. Br Med J 1990; 300: 367–68.Google Scholar
14Hult, L.Cervical, dorsal and lumbar spinal syndromes. A field investigation of a non-selected material of 1200 workers in different occupations with special reference to disc degeneration and so-called muscular rheumatism. Acta Orthop Scand 1954; suppl 17: 1102.Google Scholar
15Lawrence, JS.Disc degeneration – its frequency and relationship to symptoms. Ann Rheum Dis 1969; 28: 121–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16Felson, DT.Epidemiology of hip and knee osteoarthritis. Epidemiol Rev 1988; 10: 118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17Van Saase, JLCM, Van Romunde, LIC J, Cats, A, Vandenbroucke, JP, Valkenburg, HA.Epidemiology of osteoarthritis: Zoetermeer survey. Comparison of radiological osteoarthritis in a Dutch population with that in 10 other populations. Ann Rheum Dis 1989; 48: 271–80.Google Scholar
18Felson, DT, Naimark, A, Anderson, JJ, Kazis, L, Castelli, W, Meenan, RF.The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in the elderly: the Framingham Osteoarthritis Study. Arth Rheum 1987; 30: 914–18.Google Scholar
19Forman, MD, Malamet, R, Kaplan, D.A survey of osteoarthritis of the knee in the elderly. J Rheumatol 1983; 10: 282–87.Google Scholar
20Solomon, L, Beighton, P, Lawrence, JS.Rheumatic disorders in the South African Negro. Part II. Osteoarthritis. S Afr Med J 1975; 49: 1737–40.Google Scholar
21Adebajo, AO.Pattern of osteoarthritis in a West African teaching hospital. Ann Rheum Dis 1991; 50: 2022.Google Scholar
22Rajapakse, CNA.The spectrum of rheumatic diseases in Saudi Arabia. Br J Rheumatol 1987; 26: 2223.Google Scholar
23Ebong, WW, Lawson, EAL.Pattern of osteoarthritis of the hip in Nigerians. East Afr Med J 1978; 55: 8184.Google ScholarPubMed
24Hoaglund, PT, Yau, ACMS, Wong, WL.Osteoarthritis of the hip and other joints in southern Chinese in Hong Kong – incidence and related factors. J Bone Joint Surg 1973; 55: 545–47.Google Scholar
25Wilcock, GK.The prevalence of osteoarthrosis of the hip requiring total hip replacement in the elderly. Int J Epidemiol 1979; 8: 247–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26Croft, P, Coggon, D, Cruddas, M, Cooper, C.Osteoarthritis of the hip: an occupational disease in farmers. Br Med J 1992; 304: 1269–72.Google Scholar
27Typpo, T.Osteoarthritis of the hip. Scandinavian farmers hip. Ann Chir Gynaecol 1985; 74 (suppl 201): 138.Google Scholar
28Hamerman, D.The biology of osteoarthritis. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 1322–30.Google Scholar
29Peyron, JG.Epidemiologica and etiologic approach to osteoarthritis. Semin Arth Rheum 1979; 8: 288306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30Palotie, A, Vaisanen, P, Ott, J et al. Predisposition to familial osteoarthritis linked to type II collagen gene. Lancet 1989; I: 924–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31Zhang, G, Lui, J.An experimental animal model of Kashin-Beck disease. Ann Rheum Dis 1989; 48: 149–52.Google Scholar
32Spector, TD.The fat on the joint: osteoarthritis and obesity. J Rheumatol 1990; 17: 283–84.Google Scholar
33Anderson, JJ, Felson, DT.Factors associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I): evidence for an association with overweight, race and physical demands of work. Am I Epidemiol 1988; 128: 179–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34Davis, MA, Ettinger, WH, Neuhaus Hauck, WW.Sex differences in osteoarthritis of the knee: the role of obesity. Am J Epidemiol 1988; 127: 1019–30.Google Scholar
35Van Saase, JLC, Vandenbrouke, JP, van Romunde, LK, Valkenburg, HA.Osteoarthritis and obesity in the general population. A relationship calling for an explantion. J Rheumatol 1988; 15: 1152–58.Google Scholar
36Felson, DTY, Anderson, JJ, Naimark, A, Walker, AM, Meenan, RF.Obesity and knee osteoarthritis: the Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med 1988; 109: 1824.Google Scholar
37Hordon, LD, Wright, B, Smith, MA.Bone mass in osteoarthntis. Ann Rheum Dis 1992; 51: 823–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38Isdale, A.The fat on a joint: OA and obesity. J Rheumatol 1991; 18: 150.Google Scholar
39Isdale, A, Helliwell, PS.Athletes and osteoarthritis: is there any relationship? Br J Rheumatol 1991; 30: 6768.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40Felson, DT.Osteoarthritis. Rheum Dis Clin N Am 1990; 16: 499512.Google Scholar
41Hochberg, MC.Epidemiologic considerations in the primary prevention of osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 1991; 18: 1438–40.Google ScholarPubMed
42Scott, D, Bird, HA, Wright, V.Joint laxity leading to osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Rehabil 1979; 18: 167–69.Google Scholar
43Radin, EL, Paul, IL, Rose, RM.Role of mechanical factors in pathogenesis of primary osteoarthrosis. Lancet 1972; i: 519–21.Google Scholar
44Seedhom, BB, Wright, V.Is repetitive loading a cause of osteoarthritis? J Orthop Rheum 1988; 1: 7987.Google Scholar
45Burke, MJ, Fear, EC, Wright, V.Bone and joint changes in pneumatic drillers. Ann Rheum Dis 1977; 36: 276–79.Google Scholar
46Felson, DT, Hannan, MT, Naimark, A et al. . Occupational physical demands, knee bending and knee osteoarthritis: results from the Framingham study. J Rheumatol 1991; 18: 1587–92.Google ScholarPubMed
47Isdale, AH.Occupational physical demands, knee bending and knee OA. J Rheumatol 1992; 19: 1647.Google Scholar
48Seedhom, BB, Takeda, T, Tsubuku, M, Wright, V.Mechanical factors and patellofemoral osteoarthrosis. Ann Rheum Dis 1979; 38: 307–16.Google Scholar
49Hutton, CW.Generalised osteoarthritis: an evoluntionary problem? Lancet 1987; i: 1463–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
50Altman, RD, Gray, R.Inflammation in osteoarthritis. Clin Rheum Dis 1985; 11: 353–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
51Chamberlain, MA, Care, G, Harfield, B.Physiotherapy and osteoarthritis of the knees: a controlled trial of hospital versus home exercises. Int Rehabil Med 1982; 4: 101106.Google Scholar
52Helliwell, PS.An appraisal of medicinal spa therapy for rheumatological disorders. JR Soc Health 1989; 109: 37.Google Scholar
53Jones, AC, Berman, P, Doherty, M.Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug usage and requirement in elderly acute hospital admissions. Br J Rheumatol 1992; 31: 4548.Google Scholar
54Sanders, PA, German, DM.Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs versus simple analgesics in the treatment of arthritis. Clin Rheum Dis 1990; 4: 371–85.Google Scholar
55Schlegal, SI, Paulus, HE.Non-steroidal and analgesic therapy in the elderly. Clin Rheum Dis 1986; 12: 245–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
56Brooks, PM, Ghosh, P.Chondroprotection: myth or reality? Clin Rheum Dis 1990; 4: 293303.Google ScholarPubMed
57Doherty, M, Holt, M, MacMillan, P, Watt, I, Dieppe, PA.A reappraisal of ‘analgesic hip’. Ann Rheum Dis 1986; 45: 272–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
58Doherty, M.Chondroprotection’ by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ann Rheum Dis 1989; 48: 619–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
59Anonymous. Topical NSAIDs: a gimmick or a godsend? Lancet 1989; ii: 779–80.Google Scholar
60Dieppe, P, McCrae, F.Pain and pain relief in osteoarthritis. Hosp Update 1987; 13: 904914.Google Scholar
61Bentley, G, Dowd, GSE.Surgical treatment of arthritis in the elderly. Clin Rheum Dis 1986; 12: 291327.Google Scholar
62Noble, J, Hilton, RC.Total knee replacement. Br Med J 1991; 303: 200201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
63Ford, PM.The immunology of aging. Clin Rheum Dis 1986; 12: 110.Google Scholar
64Goodwin, JS, Searles, RP, Tung, KSK.Immunological responses of a healthy population. Clin Exp Immunol 1982; 48: 403–10.Google Scholar
65Lawrence, JS.Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1961; 0: 1117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
66Linos, AD, Worthington, SW, O'Fallon, WM.The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis in Rochester, Minnesota. A study of its incidence, prevalence and mortality. Ann J Epidemiol 1980; 111: 8798.Google Scholar
67Terkeltaub, R, Esdaile, J, Decary, F et al. A clinical study of older age rheumatoid arthritis with comparison to a younger onset group. J Rheumatol 1983; 10: 418–24.Google ScholarPubMed
68Brown, JW, Sones, DA.The onset of RA in the aged. J Am Geriatr Soc 1967; 15: 873–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
69Cecil, RL, Kammerer, WH.Rheumatoid arthritis in the aged. Am J Med 1951; 10: 439–45.Google Scholar
70Corrigan, AB, Robinson, RG, Terenty, TR, Dick-Smith, JB, Walters, D.Benign rheumatoid arthritis of the aged. Br Med J 1974; 1: 444–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
71Spector, TD.Rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheum Dis 1990; 16: 513–37.Google Scholar
72Dugowson, CF, Bley, L, Koepsell, TD, Nelson, JL, Daling, JR.Rheumatoid arthritis in women. Arth Rheum 1991; 34: 15021507.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
73Silman, AJ.Has the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis declined in the United Kingdom? Br J Rheumatol 1988; 27: 7778.Google Scholar
74Silman, AJ, Davies, P, Currey, HLF, Evans, SJW.Is rheumatoid arthritis becoming less severe? J Chronic Dis 1983; 36: 891–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
75Valkenburg, HA.Pattern of rheumatoid disease in society: change or disappearance? Scand J Rheumatol 1976; suppl 5: 8995.Google Scholar
76Uddin, J, Kraus, AS, Kelly, HG.Survivorship and death in rheumatoid arthritis. Arth Rheum 1970; 13: 125–30.Google Scholar
77Rasker, JJ, Cosh, JA.Cause and age at death in a prospective study of 100 patients with RA. Ann Rheum Dis 1981; 40: 115–20.Google Scholar
78Cosh, JA.Survival and death in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1984; 11: 117–19.Google ScholarPubMed
79Vandenbroucke, JP, Hazevoet, HM, Cats, A.Survival and death in rheumatoid arthritis: a 25 year prospective follow-up. J Rheumatol 1984; 11: 158–61.Google Scholar
80Mitchell, DM, Spitz, PW, Young, DJ, Bloch, DA.Survival, prognosis and causes of death in rheumatoid arthritis. Arth Rheum 1986; 29: 709–14.Google Scholar
81Pinals, RS.Survival in rheumatoid arthritis. Arth Rheum 1987; 30: 473–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
82Anonymous. Coronary occlusion in rheumatoid arthritis [Editorial]. Br Med J 1970; 1: 707708.Google Scholar
83Spector, TD, Scott, RL.What happens to patients with rheumatoid arthritis? The long-term view. Clin Rheumatol 1988; 1: 315–30.Google Scholar
84Hazes, JMW, Silman, AJ.Review of UK data on the rheumatic diseases –2. rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1990; 29: 310–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
85Griffin, MR, Ray, WA, Schaffner, W.Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and death from peptic ulcer in elderly persons. Ann Intern Med 1988; 109: 359–63.Google Scholar
86Da Silva, JAP, Hall, GM.Effects of gender and sex hormones. Clin Rheum Dis 1992; 6: 193219.Google ScholarPubMed
87Spector, TD, Hochberg, MC.The protective effect of the oral contraceptive pill on rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Epidemiol 1990; 43: 1221–30.Google Scholar
88Da Silva, JAP.Heat-shock proteins: the missing link between hormonal and reproductive factors and rheumatoid arthritis? Ann Rheum Dis 1991; 50: 735–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
89Bellamy, N, Duffy, D, Martin, N, Mathews, J.Rheumatoid arthritis in twins: a study of aetiopathogenesis based on the Australian Twin Registry. Ann Rheum Dis 1992; 51: 588–93.Google Scholar
90Stastny, P, Ball, EJ, Khan, MA, Olsen, NJ, Pincus, T, Gao, X.HLA-DR4 and other genetic markers in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Radial 1988; 27 (suppl 2): 132–38.Google ScholarPubMed
91Vlachoyiannopoulos, PG, Moutsopoulos, HM.Rheumatoid arthritis in SE Europe. Clin Rheum Dis 1992; 6: 221–33.Google Scholar
92Dearlove, SM, Barr, K, Neumann, V et al. . The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on faecal flora and bacterial antibody levels in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1992; 31: 443–47.Google Scholar
93Arnett, FC, Edworthy, SM, Bloch, DA et al. . The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arth Rheum 1988; 31: 315–23.Google Scholar
94Ferraccioli, GF, Cavalieri, F, Mercadanti, M, Conti, G, Viviano, P, Ambanelli, U.Clinical features scintiscan characteristics and X-ray progression of late onset rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1984; 2: 157–61.Google Scholar
95Ehrlich, GE, Katz, WA, Cohen, SH.Rheumatoid arthritis in the aged. Geriatrics 1970; 25: 103–13.Google Scholar
96Deal, CL, Meenan, RF, Goldenberg, DL et al. . The clinical features of early onset rheumatoid arthritis, a comparison with younger-onset disease of similar duration. Arth Rheum 1985; 28: 987–94.Google Scholar
97van der Heijde, DMFM, van Riel, PLCM, van Leeuwen, MA, van t'Hof, MA, van Rijswijk, MH, van de Putte, LBA.Older versus younger onset rheumatoid arthritis: results of onset and after two years of a prospective follow-up study of early rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1991; 18: 1285–89.Google Scholar
98Dordick, JR.RA in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1956; 4: 588–91.Google Scholar
99Healey, LA.Rheumatoid arthritis in the elderly. Clinic in Rheum Dis 1986; 12: 173179.Google Scholar
100Fox, RI, Howell, FV, Bone, RC, Michelson, P.Primary Sjögren's syndrome: clinical and immunopathic features. Semin Arth Rheum 1984; 14:77105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
101Henderson, DRF, Tribe, CR, St, J Dixon A.Synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica. Rheumatot Rehabil 1975; 111: 244–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
102Douglas, WAC, Martin, BA, Morris, JH.Polymyalgia rheumatica: an arthroscopic study of the shoulder joint. Ann Rheum Dis 1983; 42: 311–16.Google Scholar
103Healey, LA.Long-term follow-up of polymyalgia rheumatica: evidence for synovitis. Semin Arth Rheum 1984; 13: 322–28.Google Scholar
104Chou, C, Schumacher, HR.Clinical and pathological studies of synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica. Arth Rheum 1984; 27: 1107–17.Google Scholar
105Kyle, V, Tudor, J, Wraight, EP, Gresham, GA, Hazelman, BL.Rarity of synovitis in polymyalgia rheumatica. Ann Rheum Dis 1990; 49: 155–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
106Hantzshel, H, Bird, HA, Seidel, W et al. . Polymyalgia rheumatica and rheumatoid arthritis of the elderly:a clinical laboratory and scintigraphic comparison. Ann Rheum Dis 1991; 50: 619–22.Google Scholar
107Russel, EB, Hunter, JB, Pearson, L, McCarty, DJ.Remitting seronegative, symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema – 13 additional cases. J Rheumatol 1990; 17: 633–39.Google Scholar
108Pariser, KM, Canoso, JJ.Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema – two cases of RS3PE syndrome. J Rheumatol 1991; 18: 1260–62.Google Scholar
109Thompson, M, Bywaters, EGL.Unilateral rheumatoid arthritis following hemiplegia. Ann Rheum Dis 1962; 21: 370–77.Google Scholar
110Kidd, BL, Napp, PI.Neurogenic influences in arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1990; 49: 649–52.Google Scholar
111Marshall, KW, Chiu, B, Inman, RD.Substance P and arthritis: analysis of plasma and synovial fluid levels. Arth Rheum 1990; 33: 8790.Google Scholar
112Scott, DGI. Vasculitis. In: Scott, JT, Jayson, MIV, Moll, JMH, Isenberg, D eds. Reports on the rheumatic diseases (series 2). London: ARC, 1989.Google Scholar
113Madsen, JR, Rosenberg, AE.A 27-year-old woman with pain in the neck and shoulder and clumsiness of the hand. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 1070–76.Google Scholar
114Isdale, AH. Stress fractures of the public rami in rheumatoid arthritis (in preparation).Google Scholar
115Pullar, T, Hunter, JA, Capell, HA.Toxicity of sulphasalazine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [Abstract]. Br J Rheumatol 1985; 24: 214.Google Scholar
116O'Callaghan, JW, Brooks, PM.Immunosuppressive drugs in the elderly. Clin Rheum Dis 1986; 12: 275–89.Google Scholar
117Brzeski, M, Madhok, R, Cavell, HA.Evening primrose oil in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and side-effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Br J Rheumatol 1991; 30: 370–72.Google Scholar
118Doherty, M, Dieppe, P.Crystal deposition disease in the elderly. Clin Rheum Dis 1986; 12: 97116.Google Scholar
119Terkeltaub, R, Zachariae, C, Santoro, D, Martin, J, Peveri, P, Matsushima, K.Monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factorsinterleukin-8 is a potential mediator of crystal-induced inflammation. Arth Rheum 1991; 34: 894903.Google Scholar
120Fam, AG.Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease and other crystal deposition diseases. Curr Op Rheumatol 1992; 4: 574–82.Google Scholar
121Fam, AG.Strategies and controversies in the treatment of gout and hyperuricaemia. Clin Rheum Dis 1990; 4: 177–92.Google Scholar
122Emmerson, BT.Identification of the causes of persistent hyperuricaemia. Lancet 1991; 337: 1461–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
123Simkin, PA.Hyperuricaemia. Lancet 1991; 338: 184.Google Scholar
124Wallace, SL, Singer, JZ.Therapy in gout. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1988; 14: 441–57.Google Scholar
125Becker, MA.Clinical aspects of monosodium urate monohydrate crystal deposition disease (gout). Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1988; 14: 377–94.Google Scholar
126Borg, EJJ, Rasher, JJ.Gout in the elderly: a separate entity? Ann Rheum 1987; 46: 7276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
127Puig, JG, Michan, AD, Jimenez, et al. . Female gout:clinical spectrum and uric acid metabolism. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151: 726–32.Google Scholar
128Dieppe, PA.Investigation and management of gout in the young and the elderly. Ann Rheum Dis 1991; 50: 263–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
129Wallace, SL, Singer, JZ, Duncan, GJ, Wigley, FM, Kuncl, RW.Renal function predicts colchicine toxicity: guidelines for the prophylactic use of colchicine in gout. J Rheumatol 1991; 18: 264–69.Google Scholar
130Stuart, RA, Gow, PJ, Bellamy, N, Campbell, JGrigor, R.A survey of current prescribing practices of anti-inflammatory and urate-lowering drugs in gouty arthritis. NZ Med J 1991; 104: 115–17.Google Scholar
131Bird, HA, Fam, AG.The effect of joint motion on CPPD crystal deposition disease. J Rheumatol 1991; 18: 151.Google Scholar
132Doherty, M, Dieppe, PA.Calcium pryophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1988; 14: 395414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
133Garcia-Gonzales, A, Resnick, D.Is depression of the medial tibial plateau more frequent in pyrophosphate arthropathy than in osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 1992; 19: 182–83.Google Scholar
134Doherty, M, Hamilton, E, Henderson, J, Misra, H, Dixey, J.Familial chondrocalcinosis due to calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition in English families. Br J Rheumatol 1991; 30: 1015.Google Scholar
135Rachow, JW, Ryan, LM.Inorganic pyrophosphate metabolism in arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1988; 14: 289302.Google Scholar
136Halverson, PB, McCarthy, DJ.Basic calcium phosphate crystal deposition. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1988; 14: 427–39.Google Scholar
137Dieppe, PA, Campion, G, Doherty, M.Mixed crystal deposition. Rheum Dir Clin North Am 1988; 14: 415–26.Google Scholar
138Dieppe, PA, Watt, I.Crystal deposition in osteoarthritis: an opportunistic event. Clin Rheum Dis 1985; 11: 367–92.Google Scholar