Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T17:41:15.689Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Ischaemic heart disease in elderly patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 November 2008

DJ Stott*
Affiliation:
University of Glasgow Medical School, UK
BO Williams
Affiliation:
University of Glasgow Medical School, UK
*
David J Stott, Senior Lecturer in Geriatric Medicine, University Department of Geriatric Medicine, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK.

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Clinical geriatrics
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1Uemara, K.International trends in cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. Eur Heart J 1988; 9 (suppl D): 18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. 1987 England and Wales mortality statistics, cause. Series DH2, No. 12. London: HMSO, 1990: 147.Google Scholar
3Registrar General, Scotland. Annual Report for 1986, No. 132. Edinburgh: HMSO, 1987: 5556.Google Scholar
4Lie, JT, Hammond, PI.Pathology of the senescent heart: anatomic observations on 237 autopsy studies of patients 90 to 105 years old. Mayo Clin Proc 1988; 63: 552–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5Lernfelt, B, Landahl, S, Svanborg, A.Coronary heart disease at 70, 75 and 79 years of age: a longitudinal study with special reference to sex differences and mortality. Age Ageing 1990; 19: 297303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6Caird, FI, Campbell, A, Jackson, TFM.Significance of abnormalities of electrocardiogram in old people. Br Heart J 1974; 36: 1012–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7Williams, BO. The cardiovascular system. In: Pathy, MSJ ed. Principles and practice of geriatric medicine. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 1991: 573623.Google Scholar
8Umachandran, V, Randjadayalan, K, Ambepityia, G, Marchant, B, Kopelman, PG, Timmis, AD.Aging, autonomic function, and the perception of angina. Br Heart J 1991; 66: 1518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9Miller, PF, Sheps, DS, Bragdon, EE et al. Aging and pain perception in ischaemia heart disease. Am Heart J 1990; 120: 2230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10Salcedo, EE, Marwick, TH, Korzick, DH, Goormastic, M, Go, RT.Left ventricular hypertrophy sensitizes the myocardium to the development of ischaemia. Eur Heart J 1990; 11 (suppl G): 7278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Candell, Riera J, Castell, Conesa J, Ortega, Alcalde D, Domenech, Torne FM, Soler, Soler J.Diagnostic accuracy of radionuclide techniques in patients with equivocal electrocardiographic exercise testing. Eur Heart J 1990; 11: 980–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Pamir, G, Caglar, N, Oral, D, Akyol, T, Kaymakcalan, S.Evaluation of coronary arterial disease by oral dipyridamole stress testing using 12-lead electrocardiography. Int J Cardiol 1990; 29: 311–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13Northridge, DB, Grant, S, Ford, I et al. Novel exercise protocol suitable for use on a treadmill or a bicycle ergometer. Br Heart J 1990; 64; 313–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14Ferrara, N, Leosco, D, Abete, P et al. Dipyridamole echocardiography as a useful and safe test in the assessment of coronary-artery disease in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991; 39: 993–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15Grossman, W. Complications of cardiac catheterization: incidence, causes and prevention. In: Grossman, W ed. Cardiac catheterization and angiography. Philadelphia: Lea and Feiberger, 1986: 3042.Google Scholar
16Vestal, RE, Wood, AJJ, Shand, DG.Reduced b-adrenoreceptor sensitivity in the elderly. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1979; 26: 181–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17Conway, J, Wheeler, R, Sannerstedt, R.Sympathetic nervous activity during exercise in relation to age. Cardiovasc Res 1971; 5: 577–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18Barber, HE, Hawksworth, GM, Petrie, JC, Rigby, JW, Robb, OJ, Scott, AK.Pharmacokinetics of atenolol and propranolol in young and elderly subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1981; 11: 118P–19P.Google Scholar
19Rubin, PC, Scott, PJW, McLean, K, Pearson, A, Ross, D, Reid, JL.Atenolol disposition in young and elderly subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1982; 13: 235–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20Rigby, JW, Scott, AK, Hawksworth, GM, Petrie, JC.A comparison of the pharmacokinetics of atenolol, metoprolol, oxprenolol and propranolol in elderly hypertensive and young healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1985; 20: 327–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21Quarterman, CP, Kendall, MJ, Jack, DB.The effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol and its metabolites. Br J ClinPharmacol 1981; 11: 287–94.Google ScholarPubMed
22Radack, K, Deck, C.B-adrenergic blocker therapy does not worsen intermittent claudication in subjects with peripheral arterial disease. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151: 1769–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23Sorkin, EM, Clissold, SP, Brogden, RN.Nifedipine: a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy, in ischaemic heart disease, hypertension and related cardiovascular disorders. Drugs 1985; 30: 182274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24Chaffman, M, Brogden, RN.Diltiazem: A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 1985; 29: 387482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25Hogan, JC, Lewis, MJ, Henderson, AH.Chronic administration of N-acetylcysteine fails to prevent nitrate tolerance in patients with stable angina pectoris. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1990; 30: 573–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26Alpert, JS.Nitrate therapy in the elderly. Am J Cardiol 1990; 65: 23J27J.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27Akhras, F, Jackson, G.Efficacy of nifedipine and isosorbide mononitrate in combination with atenolol in stable angina. Lancet 1991; 338: 1036–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28Elder, AT, Shaw, TRD, Turnbull, CM, Starkey, IR.Elder and younger patients selected to undergo coronary angiography. Br Med J 1991; 303: 950–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29Gold, S, Wong, WF, Schatz, IJ, Lanoie, Blanchette P.Invasive treatment for coronary artery disease in the elderly. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151: 1085–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30Bedotto, JB, Rutherford, BD, McConahay, DR et al. Results of multivessel percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in persons aged 65 years and older. Am J Cardiol 1991; 67: 1051–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31Jouve, B, Collet, R, Silvestri, M et al. Coronary angioplasty in patients aged 70 and over. Immediate results and later outcome. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1990; 83: 1501–506.Google ScholarPubMed
32Royal College of Physicians. Report on cardiological intervention in elderly patients. J R Coll Phys Lond 1991; 25: 197205.Google Scholar
33Mullany, CJ, Darling, GE, Pluth, JR et al. Early and late results after isolated coronary artery bypass surgery in 159 patients aged 80 years and older. Circulation 1990; 82: IV22936.Google ScholarPubMed
34Bayer, AJ, Chandra, JS, Farag, RR, Pathy, MS.Changing presentation of myocardial infarction with increasing age. J Am Geriatr Soc 1986; 34: 263–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35Solomon, CG, Lee, TH, Cook, F et al. Comparison of clinical presentation of acute myocardial infarction in patients older than 65 years of age to younger patients: the multicenter chest pain study experience. Am J Cardiol 1989; 63: 772–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36Day, JJ, Bayer, AJ, Chadha, JS, Pathy, MSJ.Myocardial infarction in old people. The influence of diabetes mellitus. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988; 36: 791–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37Cocchi, A, Franceschini, G, Antonelli, Incalzi R, Farina, G, Vecchio, FM, Carbonin, PU.Clinico-pathological correlations in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the elderly. Age Ageing 1988; 17: 8793.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38Nadelmann, J, Frishman, WH, Ooi, WL et al. Prevalence, incidence and prognosis of recognized and unrecogized myocardial infarction in persons aged 75 years of age or older: the Bronx aging study. Am J Cardiol 1990; 66: 533–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39Glazier, JJ, Piessens, J.Mechanisms of painless myocardial ischaemia. J R Coll Phys Lond 1991; 25: 102104.Google ScholarPubMed
40Tofler, GH, Muller, JE, Stone, PH et al. Factors leading to shorter survival after acute myocardial infarction in patients aged 65 to 75 years compared with younger patients. Am J Cardiol 1988; 36: 791–94.Google Scholar
41Herlitz, J, Hjalmarson, A, Waagstein, F.Treatment of pain in acute myocardial infarction. Br Heart J 1989; 61: 913.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42AIMS Trial Study Group. Effect of intravenous APSAC on mortality after acute myocardial infarction: preliminary report of a placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lancet 1988; i: 545–49.Google Scholar
43Wilcox, RG, Olsson, CG, Skene, AM, Von der, Lippe G, Jensen, G, Hampton, JR.Trial of tissueplasminogen activator for mortality reduction in acute myocardial infarction. Anglo-Scandinavian study of Early Thrombolysis (ASSET). Lancet 1988; ii: 525–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1990; 82: 664707.Google Scholar
45Baillie, SP, Furniss, SS.Thrombolysis for elderly patients - which way from here? Age Ageing 1991; 20: 12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
46ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival Collaborative Group). Randomized trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both or neither among 17187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1988; ii: 349–60.Google Scholar
47Weston, C, Fox, KA.Pre-hospital thrombolysis; current status and future prospects. J R Coll Phys Lond 1991; 25: 312–20.Google ScholarPubMed
48SCATI Group. Randomized controlled trial of subcutaneous calcium heparin in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1989; ii: 182–86.Google Scholar
49The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure: results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 1429–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
50Swedberg, K, Held, P, Kjekshus, J, Rasmussen, K, Ryden, L, Wedel, H.Effects of the early administration of enalapril on mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Results of the Cooperative New Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study II (CONSENSUS II). N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 678–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
51Pfeffer, MA, Braunwald, E, Moye, LA et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardiol infarction. Results of the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement Trial. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 669–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
52The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 685–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
53ISIS-1 (First International Study of Infarct Survival Collaborative Group). Randomized trial of intravenous atenolol among 16027 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1986; ii: 5766.Google Scholar
54Yusuf, S, MacMahon, S, Collins, R, Peto, R.Effect of intravenous nitrates on mortality in acute myocardial infarction: an overview of the randomized trials. Lancet 1988; i: 1088–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
55Holland, KJ, O'Neill, WW, Bates, ER, Pitt, B, Topol, EJ.Emergency percutaneous coronary angioplasty during acute myocardial infarction for patients more than 70 years of age. Am J Cardiol 1989; 63: 399403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
56Lee, TC, Laramee, LA, Rutherford, BD et al. Emergency percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction in patients 70 years of age and older. Am J Cardiol 1990; 66: 663–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
57McIntyre, AS, Slater, M.A clinical audit of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J R Coll Phys Lond 1993; 27: 3439.Google ScholarPubMed
58Hopper, JL, Pathik, B, Hunt, D, Chan, WWC.Improved prognosis since 1969 of myocardial infarction treated in a coronary care unit: lack of relation with change in severity. Br Med J 1989; 299: 892–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
59Olmsted, WL, Groden, DL. Silvermann, ME.Prognosis in survivors of acute myocardial infarction occurring at age 70 years or older. Am J Cardiol 1987; 60: 971–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
60Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration. Secondary prevention of vascular disease by prolonged antiplatelet treatment. Br Med J 1988; 296: 320–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
61The Dutch TIA Trial Study Group. A comparison of two doses of aspirin (30 mg vs. 283 mg a day) in patients after a transient ischaemia attack or minor ischaemia stroke. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1261–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
62The SALT collaborative group. Swedish aspirin low-dose trial (SALT) of 75 mg aspirin as secondary prophylaxis after cerebrovascular ischaemia events. Lancet 1991; 338: 1345–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
63Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the systolic hypertension in the elderly program. JAMA 1991; 265: 3255–64.Google Scholar
64Coope, J, Warrender, TS.Randomized trial of treatment of hypertension in elderly patients in primary care. Br Med J 1986; 293: 1145–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
65European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly. Mortality and morbidity results from the European working party on high blood pressure in the elderly trial. Lancet 1985; i: 1349–54.Google Scholar
66Dahlof, B, Lindholm, LH, Hansson, L, Schersten, B, Ekbom, T, Wester, P-O.Morbidity and mortality in the Swedish trial in old patients with hypertension. Lancet 1991; 338: 1281–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
67Omenn, GS, Anderson, KW, Kronmal, RA, Vlietstra, RE.The temporal pattern of reduction of mortality risk after smoking cessation. Am J Prev Med 1990; 6: 251–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
68LaCroix, AZ, Lang, J, Scherr, P et al. Smoking and mortality among older men and women in three communities. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 1619–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
69Ehsani, AA, Ogawa, T, Miller, TR, Spina, RJ, Jilka, SM.Exercise training improves left ventricular systolic function in older men. Circulation 1991; 83: 96103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
70Blair, SN, Kohl, HW, Paffenbarger, RS, Clark, DG, Cooper, KH, Gibbons, LW.Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy men and women. JAMA 1989; 262: 2395–401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
71Khaw, K-T.Serum lipids in later life. Age Ageing 1990; 19: 277–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
72Eisenberg, JM.Should the elderly be screened for hypercholesterolaemia. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151: 1063–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar