¹ Nkrumah, K., I Speak of Freedom (London, 1961) p. 107.Google Scholar

Marcus Garvey was, of course, the Jamaican who fired the imagination of American Negroes and started a “Back to Africa” movement in the United States earlier this century. Aggrey was a Ghanian philosopher, and Caseley Hayford, a barrister, was one of the founding fathers of Gold Coast nationalism.

² Hodgkin, T., Nationalism in Colonial Africa (1956) (London, 1962 reprint) p. 144.Google Scholar

³ Letter in The People (Kampala), 08 20, 1966, p. 3. The emphasis is original.Google Scholar

⁴ This rendering is from the Everyman’s edition of The Social Contract with an introduction by G.D.H. Cole (London, 1955 reprint) p. 31.Google Scholar

⁵ Ibid., p. 181.

⁶ Sartre, Jean-Paul, Black Orpheus, trans. Allen, S. A. (Paris, n.d.) pp. 42–43.Google Scholar

⁷ De la Negritude, , Psychologie du Negro-Africain (1962). The above rendering in English is from Senghor, L., Prose and Poetry trans. Reed, John and Weke, Clive (London, 1965) pp. 32, 35.Google Scholar

⁸ Jean-Paul Sartre, Black Orpheus, p. 15.Google Scholar

⁹ Rousseau, J. J., A Discourse on the Origin of Inequality, p. 167.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Ibid., p. 171.

¹¹ Senghor, L., Prose and Poetry, p. 35. The emphasis is original.Google Scholar

¹² See Nyerere, J., Freedom and Unity: A Selection from Writings and Speeches, 1952–1965 (Dar-es-Salaam, 1966) p. 12.Google Scholar

¹³ “Negritude and Its Enemies: A Reply,” African Literature and the Universities, ed. Moore, Gerald (Ibadan, 1965) p. 23.Google Scholar

¹⁴ T. Hodgkin, Nationalism in Colonial Africa (1956) op. cit. p. 144.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Wallerstein, I., “The Political Ideology of the P.D.G.,” Presence Africaine, Vol. 12 No. 40, First 10 1962, 38–39.Google Scholar

¹⁶ The Arusha Declaration and Tanu’s Policy on Socialism and Self Reliance (Dar-es-Salaam:Publicity Sections TANU, 1967).Google Scholar

¹⁷ In A Discourse on the Origin of Inequality Rousseau satirizes the excessive preoccupation with “work” which civilized society tends to promote. He mentions that in the Northern temperate countries this work mania is aggravated by climate.

¹⁸ Nyerere, J., Ujamaa: The Basis of African Socialism (1962). Reprinted in the collection of Nyerere’s works entitled Freedom and Unity (Dar-es-Salaam:Oxford University Press, 1966) pp. 165–6.Google Scholar

¹⁹ “Democracy and the Party System” (1963). See Freedom and Unity, ibid., p. 203.

²⁰ See Diary, Africa, 06 19–25, 1965.Google Scholar

²¹ See Mazrui, Ali A., “Africa and the Third World,” On Heroes and Uhuru-Worship: Essays on Independent Africa (London, 1961), pp. 209–210.Google Scholar

²² “The Second Scramble” (1961). For a later version of the same theme, see Freedom and Unity, pp. 207–208.Google Scholar

²³ Rousseau, J. J., Contrat Social (First Version). See Vaughan, C. E., The Political Writings of J-J Rousseau (Cambridge, 1915), Vol. I, p. 453.Google Scholar

²⁴ See Dia, M., The African Nations and World Solidarity (trans. trans. Cook, Mercer), (London, 1962). Ardant is quoted on p. 19. See also Mazrui, “Africa and the Third World,” op. cit., p. 211.Google Scholar

²⁵ See Touré, S., “Africa’s Destiny,” Africa Speaks, eds. Duffy, James and Manners, Robert A. (Princeton, 1961).Google Scholar

²⁶ Rousseau, J. J., A Discourse on the Origin of Inequality, p. 192.Google Scholar

²⁷ Ibid., p. 250.