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5. Adams, John Quincy, Lives of James Madison and James Monroe (Buffalo: George Derby and Co., 1850), pp. 43–44.Google Scholar See also “Publicola, No. 4,” 18 June 1791, in The Writings of John Quincy Adams, ed. Ford, Washington C., 7 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1913–1917),Google Scholar 1:79.

6. Adams, , Lives, p. 33.Google Scholar

7. Adams, , Lives, p. 10;Google Scholar Adams, “Marcellus, No. 2,” 4 May 1793, Writings, 1:139; “Columbus, No. 3,” 7 December 1793, ibid., p. 164.

8. Adams, “Marcellus, No. 3,” ibid., p. 146.

9. Ibid., p. 140.

10. Adams, “Publicola, No. 3,” ibid., p. 77; “Columbus, No.l,” ibid., p. 158. See also Tarcov, Nathan, “Principle and Prudence in Foreign Policy: The Founders' Perspective,” Public Interest 76 (Summer 1984): 57.Google Scholar

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33. From 1824 to 1828, the United States strengthened its maritime powers through an agreement with England (Rush-Bagot) to clear the Great Lakes of warships and by obtaining rights to fish the banks of Labrador and Newfoundland. American continental expansion proceeded with the annexation of Florida, by removing Russian influence from the southwestern coast of the continent, through the establishment of the American-Canadian boundary from the Great Lakes to the Rockies, and by staking first claims to the Pacific coast. Adams participated in all these events; in most he was the central figure. See LaFeber, Walter, ed., John Quincy Adams and American Continental Empire (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1965), p. 13.Google Scholar

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37. Ibid., 6:157. When Secretary of State Adams drew up in November 1823 the customary sketch of the topics of foreign policy which might interest the President in connection with the preparation of the forthcoming message, he included in the paragraph on the Russian negotiations a reference to the new dogma. That paragraph was taken over almost without verbal change by Monroe and thus it appeared in his communication to Congress. See Perkins, Dexter, The Monroe Doctrine, 1823–26 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1927), pp. 13–14.Google Scholar

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52. Ibid., pp. 193–98.

53. Graebner, Norman, Foundations of American Foreign Policy, A Realist Appraisal from Franklin To McKinley (Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1985), p. 169.Google Scholar

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