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Carl Schmitt—Political Theologian?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2015

Aaron B. Roberts
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Abstract

“Political theology” is now a fixture within political theory's lexicon. Although Carl Schmitt's Political Theology (1922) is identified as the contemporary locus classicus for the concept, that work's primary task is only to elaborate a “sociology of juristic concepts.” Beginning in the 1990s, however, Schmitt's entire corpus has increasingly been interpreted as one motivated by “political theology” in a stronger sense—as political action based upon faith in (Christian) revelation. I challenge this thesis by (1) examining its history, (2) drawing attention to the many aspects of Schmitt's (mostly Weimar-era) work that are deeply at odds with this thesis, and (3) reexamining his (mostly postwar) remarks ordinarily cited to bolster the thesis. Ultimately, the core of Schmitt's thought lies elsewhere; returning to the purported father of political theology brings clarity to the bourgeoning discussion of this topic within the discipline.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Review of Politics , Volume 77 , Issue 3 , Summer 2015 , pp. 449 - 474
Copyright
Copyright © University of Notre Dame 2015 

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63 RK, 32; see also 12–13, 51; GLP, 89; D, 46.

64 PuB, 162; BdP, 55.

65 Schmitt, “Sichtbarkeit,” 78; see also 71.

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83 VL, 77–78.

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86 PT2, 22, 30; also 56, 98, 101n1. See also Schmitt, Carl and Schickel, Joachim, Gespräche mit Carl Schmitt (Berlin: Merve, 1993), 57Google Scholar. Religious institutions (e.g., the Roman Catholic Church) can possess a “formal, juristic character,” but they do so by means of their analogy with “secular jurisprudence,” which functions as “an intermediary for law that is already valid” (RK, 49–50).

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90 BdP, 38 et passim.

91 BdP, 36, 64, emphasis added. Preserved almost verbatim in Schmitt, Carl, Der Begriff des Politischen, 3rd ed. (Hamburg: Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt, 1933), 18–19, 46Google Scholar.

92 PT, 7.

93 VL, 223, 238, 282–86. See also PT, 63.

94 E.g., Meier, Lesson, 101; Taubes, Political Theology of Paul, 67–68.

95 PT, 69–83; RK, 25–26; GLP, 81–83.

96 PT, 83, emphasis added.

97 PT, 73ff.

98 PT, 75; DC, 71.

99 PT, 73–74; RK, 13. Meier, Lesson, xii–xiii, 146 argues that Schmitt writes “more ‘like a Protestant,’” but this does not gel with Schmitt's biography.

100 DC, 69–70, 73, 75–77, 79; see also 12–13, 19, 52, 105, 108–9.

101 E.g., Meier, Lesson, xviii, 102; Lilla, Reckless Mind, 71–72.

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103 E.g., SGN, 139–51.

104 PT, 44–45; L, 113.

105 PT2, 121–22.

106 D, 35, 118–19; see also 21ff.

107 L, 20–22, 88, 126; Hobbes, Thomas, Leviathan (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996)Google Scholar, chap. 42 (p. 345), chap. 43 (p. 407 et passim).

108 L, 81–84, 125–26; Hobbes, Leviathan, chap. 40 (p. 323 et passim).

109 BdP, 123.

110 Meier, Lesson, 123, 203; see also 21–30, 51, 76, 108–12, 202–4 ; Carl Schmitt, 66–69, 77.

111 E.g., Meuter, Katechon, 14ff., 189n275, 195, 482 et passim; Barbara Nichtweiss, “Apokalyptische Verfassungslehren,” and Wacker, “Carl Schmitts Katholizismus,” in Katholische Verschärfung, 63–64 and 292–93; Manemann, Carl Schmitt, 7ff.; Mehring, Reinhard, Pathetisches Denken (Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1989)Google Scholar, 22, 221; Groh, Arbeit, 19–24.

112 Agamben, Kingdom and the Glory, 7; Assmann, Herrschaft, 20, 22, 24.

113 BdP, 80–83, 87, 94.

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115 PT2, 114; see also 110; Blumenberg, Legitimacy, 138 et passim.

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