Nearly every current review of research conditions in the Third World (including our first item in this series, MESA Bulletin, Vol. 1, No. 2) now begins with a long exposition of the need to respect local culture and attitudes toward research itself, not only in the name of effectiveness but as part of a social equation between studied and studier. We are far beyond the old era of Third World research—at least as it was stereotypically conceived—of paternalistic scientists studying “quaint” folkways without regard to the subjects’ needs, feelings, or wishes. We may well wonder how accurate this stereotype was, if only on the basis of effectiveness, but in any case the pendulum has swung toward discretion as the better part of valor.