Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T19:59:05.019Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Politics of Western Muslims

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2016

Extract

Muslim minorities in the West have become the improbable targets and tools of the discourses of some politicians in the search for votes, right-wing newspapers and tabloids seeking enlarged readerships, and Conservative activists advocating for their causes. These discourses have often taken bizarre twists, such as the surprisingly successful attempt during the 2007 Democratic primaries by a right-wing organization to depict (the Christian) candidate Obama as a Muslim who attended a “Madrasa” as a child. While the hoax was soon exposed by CNN, surprisingly many mainstream media outlets (e.g. Fox News) uncritically adopted the story and 12 to 18 percent of the American public continues to believe that President Obama is a Muslim.1 Some other recent curious political events that instrumentalize Muslims include vociferous attacks on elected female politicians who choose to wear a headscarf in Belgium, the use of racist language towards Muslim minorities by European candidates and politicians in several countries, and the framing of Muslims as a danger to welfare in Denmark or gay rights in the Netherlands.

Type
Special Section: Researching Western Muslims
Copyright
Copyright © Middle East Studies Association of North America 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Abraham, Nabeel, Howell, Sally, and Shryock, Andrew, editors. 2011. Target of Opportunity: Arab Detroit in the Terror Decade. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.Google Scholar
Ayers, John W., and Richard Hofstetter, C.. 2008. “American Muslim Political Participation Following 9/II: Religious Belief, Political Resources, Social Structures, and Political Awareness.” Politics and Religion 1: 326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagby, Ihsan; Perl, Paul M., Froehle, Brian T.. 2001. The Mosque in America: A National Portrait. Washington, DC: Council on American-Islamic Relations.Google Scholar
Bakalian, Anny, and Borzorgmehr, Mehdi. 2009. Backlash 9/ll: Middle Eastern and Muslim Americans Respond. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, Wayne, Howell, Sally, Jamal, Amaney, Chih Lin, Ann, Shryock, Andrew, Stockton, Ron, and Tessler, Mark. 2004. Preliminary Findings from the Detroit Arab American Study. Detroit: Detroit Arab American Study.Google Scholar
Barreto, Matt A., and Bozonelos, Dino. 2009. “Democrat, Republican or None of the Above? The Role of Religiosity in Muslim American Party Identification.” Politics and Religion 2 (2): 200229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benbassa, Esther. 2011. Minorités visibles en politique. Paris: CNRS Éditions.Google Scholar
Benson, Brett V., Merolla, Jennifer L., and Geer, John G.. 2011. “Two Steps Forward, One Step Back? Bias in the 2008 Presidential Election.” Electoral Studies 30 (4): 607620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bilici, Mucahit. 2012. Finding Mecca in America: American Muslims and Cultural Citizenship. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bird, Karen, Saalfeld, Thomas, and Wüst, Andreas M.. 2011. The Political Representation of Immigrants and Minorities: Voters, Parties and Parliaments in Liberal Democracies. Routledge/ECPR Studies in European Political Science. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
Braman, Eileen, and Sinno, Abdulkader H.. 2009. “An Experimental Investigation of Causal Attributions for the Political Behavior of Muslim Candidates: Can a Muslim Represent You?Politics and Religion 2 (2): 247276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brouard, Sylvain, and Tiberj, Vincent. 2010. “Yes They Can: an Experimental Approach to the Eligibility of Ethnic Minority Candidates in France.” In The Political Representation of Immigrants and Minorities: Voters, Parties and Parliaments in Liberal Democracies. Bird, Karen, Saalfeld, Thomas and Wüst, Andreas, editors, 164180. Oxford: Routledge.Google Scholar
Brouard, Sylvain, and Tiberj, Vincent. 2011. As French As Everyone Else?: A Survey of French Citizens of Maghrebin, African, and Turkish Origin. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Campbell, David E., Green, John C., and Layman, Geoffrey C.. 2011. “The Party Faithful: Partisan Images, Candidate Religion, and the Electoral Impact of Party Identification.” American Journal of Political Science 55 (l): 4258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carmines, Edward G., Easter, Beth C., and Sinno, Abdulkader H.. 2012. “The Changing nature of Bias against Minority Candidates: Discrimination, Dissimulation and Compromise.” Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Dancygier, Rafaela. 2011. “The Representation of Muslims in Local Legislatures: Election, Selection and the Role of Electoral Rules in English Cities.” Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Fetzer, Joel S., and Christopher Soper, J.. 2005. Muslims and the State in Britain, France, and Germany. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gest, Justin. 2010. Apart: Alienated and Engaged Muslims in the West. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Ivarsflaten, Elisabeth. 2008. “What Unites Right-Wing Populists in Western Europe? Re-Examining Grievance Mobilization Models in Seven Successful Cases.” Comparative Political Studies 41 (l): 323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jamal, Amaney. 2005. “The Political Participation and Engagement of Muslim Americans: Mosque Involvement and Group Consciousness.” American Politics Research 33 (4): 521544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jamal, Amaney. 2009. “The Racialization of Muslim Americans.” In Muslims in Western Politics. Sinno, Abdulkader H., editor. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Kettunen, Pauli, Sonya Michel, and Klaus Petersen. 2013. An American Dilemma? Race, Ethnicity and the Welfare State in US and Europe. Washington, DC: Wilson Center Press.Google Scholar
Klausen, Jytte. 2005. The Islamic Challenge: Politics and Religion in Western Europe. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Klausen, Jytte. 2009a. The Cartoons that Shook the World. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Klausen, Jytte. 2009b. “Muslims Representing Muslims in Europe: Parties and Associations After 9/11.” In Muslims in Western Politics. Sinno, Abdulkader H., editor, 166193. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Kuru, Ahmet. 2009. Secularism and State Policies toward Religion: The United States, France, and Turkey. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laurence, Jonathan. 2011. The Emancipation of Europe’s Muslims: The State’s Role in Minority Integration. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maxwell, Rahsaan. 2009. “Trust in Government among British Muslims: The Importance of Migration Status.” Political Behavior 32: 89109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nisbet, Erik C., and Shanahan, James. 2004. “Restrictions on Civil Liberties, Views of Islam, and Muslim Americans.” In MSRG Special Report. Ithaca, New York: Media and Society Research Group, Cornell University. Available online at http://www.yuricareport.com/Civil%20Rights/CornellMuslimReportCivilRights.pdf.Google Scholar
Nisbet, Erik C, Ostman, Ronald, and Shanahan, James. 2009. “Public Opinion toward Muslim Americans: Civil Liberties and the Role of Religiosity, ideology, and Media Use.” In Muslims in Western Politics, Sinno, Abdulkader H., editor. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Nisbet, Erik, Ortiz, Michelle, Miller, Yasamin, and Smith, Andrew. 2011. The “Bin Laden” Effect: How American Public Opinion about Muslim Americans Shifted in the Wake of Osama Bin Laden’s Death. Available online at http://www.eriknisbet.com/files/binladen_report.pdf.Google Scholar
Parvez, Fareen. 2012. “Recognition and Antipolitics among Muslims in France: Representing ‘Islam of the Banlieues’.” In Muslim Political Participation in Europe. Nielsen, Jørgen S., editor. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Peace, Timothy. 2012. “All I’m Asking, is for a Little Respect: Assessing the Performance of Britain’s Most Successful Radical Left Party.” Parliamentary Affairs 65 (3): 120.Google Scholar
Pew Research Center for the People & the Press. 2007. Muslim Americans: Middle Class and Mostly Mainstream.Google Scholar
Pew Research Center for the People & the Press. 2007. Republicans Lag in Engagement and Enthusiasm for Candidates.Google Scholar
Pew Research Center for the People & the Press. 2011. Muslim Americans: No Signs of Growth in Alienation or Support for Extremism.Google Scholar
Read, Jen’nan Ghazal. 2007. “More of a Bridge than a Gap: Gender Differences in Arab-American Political Engagement.” Social Science Quarterly 88:10721091.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinno, Abdulkader. 2009. “Muslim Underrepresentation in American Politics.” In Muslims in Western Politics, Sinno, Abdulkader H., editor, 6995. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Sinno, Abdulkader. 2011. “Opportunités et risques de la représentation des musulmans occidentauxdans les institutions élues.” In Minorités visibles en politique, Benbassa, Esther, editor. Paris: Éditions CNRS.Google Scholar
Sinno, Abdulkader, Schwennicke, Antje, Nassif, Hicham Bou, and Williamson, Scott. 2011. “Newspaper Readership and Attitudes towards Immigration and Welfare in the UK: Tabloids, Murdoch and the formation of Stereotypes.” Presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Seattle, WA.Google Scholar
Sinno, Abdulkader, and Tatari, Eren. 2009. “Muslims in UK institutions.” In Muslims in Western Politics, Sinno, Abdulkader, editor, 113134. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Sinno, Abdulkader, and Tatari, Eren. 2011. “Toward Electability: Public Office and the Arab Vote.” In Target of Opportunity: Arab Detroit in the Terror Decade. Howell, Sally, Abraham, Nabeel, and Shryock, Andrew, editors. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.Google Scholar
Sniderman, Paul M., and Carmines, Edward G.. 1999. Reaching beyond Race. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Tatari, Eren. 2010. “A Contingency Theory of Descriptive Representation: Muslims in British Local Government.” Ph.D. Diss., Indiana University.Google Scholar
Warner, Carolyn M. and Wenner, Manfred W.. 2006. “Religion and the Political Organization of Muslims in Europe.” Perspectives on Politics 4 (3): 457479.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wike, R., and Grim, B. J.. 2010. “Western Views Toward Muslims: Evidence from a 2006 Cross-National Survey.” International Journal of Public Opinion Research 22 (l): 425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zibouh, Fatima. 2010. La participation politique des élus d’origine maghrébine. Brussels: Academia-Bruylant.Google Scholar