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The Joint Declaration on the colonies: an issue in Anglo-American relations, 1942–1944

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 October 2009

J. E. Williams
J. E. Williams
Affiliation:
Senior Tutor in International Relations, University College of Swansea
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Extract

The collapse of the British Empire in south-east Asia in the early months of 1942 brought to the fore in Anglo-American relations the different attitudes of the two countries towards colonialism. Surprisingly, their long standing disagreement about the merits of colonialism was not pushed to one side by the need to defeat Japan. On the contrary, Britain's humiliating setbacks in Malaya and Burma reinforced doubts and confirmed prejudices in the United States about the probity of the British Empire – doubts and prejudices that were powerfully articulated throughout 1942 and succeeding years in the American press as well as in private exchanges between members of the Administration and their British counterparts.

Type
Research Article
Information
Review of International Studies , Volume 2 , Issue 3 , October 1976 , pp. 267 - 292
Copyright
Copyright © British International Studies Association 1976

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References

page 268 note 1 W.P. (43), 6, fo. 22.

page 268 note 2 Churchill, Winston S., The Second World War, iv (London, 1955), p. 88Google Scholar.

page 268 note 3 F.O. 371, 30655, fo. 116.

page 268 note 4 F.O. 371, 30652, fo. 117.

page 268 note 5 F.O. 371, 30656, fo. 47.

page 269 note 1 The Times, 20 Nov. 1942.

page 269 note 2 F.O. 371, 30656, fo. 135.

page 269 note 3 Hull, Cordell, The Memoirs of Cordell Hull (London, 1948), pp. 1484–5Google Scholar.

page 269 note 4 It is interesting to note, in view of what is said later about American attitudes towards India, that Wendell Willkie was advised by the Administration not to visit New Delhi.

page 269 note 5 The Times, 27 Oct. 1942.

page 270 note 1 W.P. (42), 544, fo. 144.

page 270 note 2 F.O. 371, 30655, fo. 116.

page 270 note 3 F.O. 371, 30652, fo. 104.

page 270 note 4 Ibid., fo. 113.

page 271 note 1 F.O. 371, 3156, fo. 114.

page 271 note 2 F.O. 371, 35927, fo. 71.

page 271 note 3 F.O. 371, 30659, A.1716.

page 271 note 4 Churchill, op. cit. pp. 177-82.

page 271 note 5 F.O. 371, 30659, A.2421.

page 272 note 1 Hull, op. cit. p . i486.

page 272 note 2 F.O. 371, 30660, fo. 11.

page 272 note 3 Ibid., fo. 115.

page 272 note 4 F.O. 371, 30662, A.8745.

page 272 note 5 Ibid., A.8773.

page 272 note 6 Mansergh, Nicholas, The Transfer of Power, ii (London, 1970), p. 675Google Scholar.

page 272 note 7 Hull, op. cit. p. 1489.

page 272 note 8 Ibid., p. 1475.

page 273 note 1 F.O. 271, 41727,.fo. 17.

page 273 note 2 Ibid.,

page 273 note 3 Churchill, op. cit. .pp. 181-2.

page 273 note 4 The Times , 24 Nov. 1942.

page 273 note 5 F.O. 371, 41727, fo. 19.

page 273 note 6 F.O. 371, 46325, fo. 17.

page 274 note 1 F.O. 371, 30655, fo. 116.

page 274 note 2 F.O. 371, 30656, fo.135.

page 274 note 3 Ibid., fo. 79; F.O. 371, 30652, fo. 104.

page 274 note 4 F.O. 371, 30656, fo. 147.

page 274 note 5 H. C. Debates, vol. 374, 9 Sept. 1941, cols. 68-69; Hull, op. cit. p. 1478.

page 274 note 6 W.P. (42), 544, fo. 145.

page 274 note 7 Ibid.,

page 274 note 8 Ibid.,

page 275 note 1 Ibid.,

page 275 note 2 Ibid.,

page 275 note 3 Ibid.,

page 275 note 4 Ibid., fo.144.

page 275 note 5 F.O.371,3156, fo. 24.

page 276 note 1 Ibid.,

page 276 note 2 Ibid., fo. 46.

page 276 note 3 Ibid., fo. 88.

page 276 note 4 W. P. (42), 544, fo. 146.

page 277 note 1 Ibid.,

page 277 note 2 Ibid.,

page 277 note 3 F.O. 371, 3156, fo. 114.

page 277 note 4 W.P. (42), 544, fo. 144.

page 277 note 5 The Times, 11 Nov. 1942.

page 277 note 6 F.O. 371, 3156, fo. 13.

page 278 note 1 W.M. (42), fo. 154.

page 278 note 2 W.P. (43), 6, fo. 23.

page 278 note 3 W.M. (43), 4, fo. 14-15.

page 279 note 1 W.P. (43), 7, fo.27.

page 279 note 2 W.P. (43),8, fo. 30.

page 279 note 3 F.O. 371,35310, fo 49.

page 279 note 4 Ibid., fo.113.

page 279 note 5 Ibid., fo. 45-46.

page 279 note 6 Ibid., fo.112.

page 279 note 7 Ibid fo.113.

page 279 note 8 Ibid., fo.134.

page 279 note 9 Ibid.,

page 280 note 1 Ibid., fo. 144.

page 280 note 2 Ibid., fo. 134.

page 280 note 3 F.O. 371, 35311, fo. 8.

page 280 note 4 Hull, op. cit. p. 1236.

page 280 note 5 F.O. 371, 35311, fo. 8.

page 280 note 6 Hull, op. cit. p. 1596.

page 281 note 1 Ibid., p. 1234. A copy appears to have been given to the Embassy on 9 Mar. F.O. 371 35311, fo. 45.

page 281 note 2 F.O. 371, 35311, fo. 44.

page 281 note 3 Ibid., fo. 46,

page 282 note 1 Ibid., fo. 45.

page 282 note 2 Ibid., fo. 44.

page 282 note 3 Ibid., fo. 57.

page 283 note 1 Ibid., fo. 81.

page 283 note 2 Oliver Stanley succeeded Lord Cranbourne as Colonial Secretary at the end of 1942,

page 284 note 1 H. C. Debates, vol. 391, 13 July 1943, cols. 48-49.

page 284 note 2 F.O. 371, 35311, fo. 133.

page 284 note 3 Ibid., fo. 105.

page 284 note 4 Ibid., fo. 8z.

page 285 note 1 Ibid.,

page 285 note 2 Ibid., fo. 176.

page 285 note 3 Ibid., fo. 133.

page 285 note 4 F.O. 371, 40749, fo. 31.

page 285 note 5 Hull, op. cit. pp. 1237-8.

page 286 note 1 Dulles, Foster R., and Rindinger, Gerald E., ‘The Anti-colonial Policies of Franklyn D . Roosevelt’, Political Science Quarterly, lxx (1955), p. 11Google Scholar.

page 286 note 2 F.O. 371, 35311, fo. 199.

page 286 note 3 Hull, op. cit. p. 1305.

page 286 note 4 F.O. 371, 35311, fo. 199.

page 286 note 5 F.O . 371, 40749, fo. 18.

page 287 note 1 Ibid., fo. 17.

page 287 note 2 Ibid., fo. 92.

page 287 note 3 Ibid., fo. 73.

page 287 note 4 Ibid., fo. 43.

page 287 note 5 Ibid.,

page 288 note 1 Ibid., fo.45.

page 288 note 2 Ibid., fo. 39.

page 288 note 3 Ibid.,

page 288 note 4 Ibid., fo.70.

page 288 note 5 Ibid., fo. 92.

page 288 note 6 Ibid., fo. 74.

page 289 note 1 Ibid., fo. 73.

page 289 note 2 Ibid., fo. 92.

page 289 note 3 The Times, 29 Apr. 1944.

page 289 note 4 F.O. 371, 40749, fo. 92.

page 289 note 5 H. C. Debates, vol. 400, 6 June 1944, col. 1317.

page 289 note 6 Ibid., 25 May 1944, col. 1055.

page 289 note 7 Hull, op. cit. p . 1599.

page 289 note 8 Ibid.,

page 290 note 1 Ibid.,

page 290 note 2 F.O. 371, 40749, fo. 65.

page 290 note 3 Dulles, op. cit. p. 17.

page 291 note 1 F.O. 371, 40724, fo. 65.

page 291 note 2 F.O. 371, 50807, fo. 7.

page 291 note 3 Ibid., fo. 26.

page 291 note 4 Dulles, op. cit, p. 16.

page 292 note 1 F.O. 371, 41727, fo. 19.

page 292 note 2 F.O. 371, 50809, fo. 15.