Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-b6zl4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-06T01:07:01.458Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Peptides and proteins in the human endometrium

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 March 2009

Markku Seppälä ,
Maarit Angervo ,
Leena Riittinen ,
Masazumi Yajima ,
Mervi Julkunen  and
Riitta Koistinen
Markku Seppälä*
Affiliation:
Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
Maarit Angervo
Affiliation:
Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
Leena Riittinen
Affiliation:
Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
Masazumi Yajima
Affiliation:
Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
Mervi Julkunen
Affiliation:
Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
Riitta Koistinen
Affiliation:
Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
*
Professor Markku Seppälä, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, SF–00290 Helsinki, Finland.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Human endometrium is composed of three layers: stratum compactum, stratum spongiosum and stratum basale. Stratum compactum is the superficial layer made up of openings of the uterine glands and some stromal cells. Stratum spongiosum is the middle layer containing mainly dilated glands and little stroma. Stratum basale is the deepest layer adjoining the muscularis. It consists of primordial glands and compact stroma. Stratum compactum and stratum spongiosum form stratum functionale which is subject to cyclic changes and is removed during menstruation.

Type
Articles
Information
Reproductive Medicine Review , Volume 1 , Issue 1 , March 1992 , pp. 37 - 55
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Cooke, PS, Uchima, DA, Fujii, DK et al. Restoration of normal morphology and estrogen responsiveness in cultured vaginal and uterine epithelia transplanted with stroma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83: 2109–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2 Irwin, JC, Kirk, D, King, RJB, Quigley, MM, Gwatkin, RB. Hormonal regulation of human endometrial stromal cells in culture: an in vitro model for decidualization. Fertil Steril 1989; 52: 761–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3 Bulmer, JN, Johnson, PM. Macrophage populations in the human placenta and amniochorion. Clin Exp Immunol 1984; 57: 393–403.Google ScholarPubMed
4 Bulmer, JN, Sunderland, CA. Immunohistological characterization of lymphoid cell populations in the early human placenta bed. Immunology 1984; 52: 349–57.Google Scholar
5 Lessey, BA, Killam, AP, Metzger, DA et al. Immunohistochemical analysis of human uterine estrogen and progesterone receptors throughout the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 67: 334–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6 Bouchard, P, Marraoui, J, Massai, MR et al. Immunocytochemical localization of oestradiol and progesterone receptors in human endometrium: a tool to assess endometrial maturation. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1991; 5: 107–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7 Cunha, GR, Chung, LWK, Shannon, JM, Taguchi, O, Fujii, H. Hormone-induced morphogenesis and growth: role of mesenchymal-epithelial interactions. Recent Prog Horm Res 1983; 39: 559–98.Google ScholarPubMed
8 Wewer, UM, Faber, M, Liotta, LA, Albrechtsen, R. Immunochemical and ultrastructural assessment of the nature of the pericellular basement membrane of human decidual cells. Lab Invest 1985; 53: 624–33.Google ScholarPubMed
9 Testa, NG, Dexter, TM. Growth factors: the end of the beginning. In: Thomas, HCT, Talpaz, M, Penny, R eds. Interferons and cytokines. London: Mediscript, 1990: 38–40.Google Scholar
10 Ruoslahti, E, Pierschbacher, MD. New perspectives in cell adhesion: RGD and integrins. Science 1987; 238: 491–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11 Loke, YW, Gardner, L, Burland, K, King, A. Laminin in human trophoblast-decidua interaction. Hum Reprod 1989; 4: 457–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12 Bronson, RA, Fusi, F. Evidence that an Arg-Gly-Asp adhesion sequence plays a role in mammalian fertilization. Biol Reprod 1990; 43: 1019–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13 Ullrich, A, Schlessinger, J. Signal transduction by receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. Cell 1990; 61: 203–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14 Boni-Schnetzler, M, Pilch, PF. Mechanism of epidermal growth factor receptor autophosphorylation and high-affinity binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84: 7832–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15 Testa, NG, Dexter, TM. Haematopoietic growth factors and haematological malignancies. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 4: 177–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16 Paria, BC, Dey, SK. Preimplantation embryo development in vitro: cooperative interactions among embryos and role of growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 4756–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17 Findlay, JK, Salamonsen, LA. Paracrine regulation of implantation and uterine function. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1991; 5: 117–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18 Boehm, KD, Daimon, M, Gorodeski, IG, Sheean, LA, Utian, WH, Ilan, J. Expression of the insulin-like and platelet-derived growth factor genes in human uterine tissues. Mol Reprod Dev 1990; 27: 93–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19 Brissenden, JE, Ullrich, A, Francke, U. Human chromosomal mapping of genes for insulin-like growth factors I and II and epidermal growth factor. Nature 1984; 310: 781–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20 Hoffmann, GE, Rao, CV, Barrows, GH, Schultz, GS, Sanfilippo, JS. Binding sites for epidermal growth factor in human uterine tissues and leiomyomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984; 58: 880–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21 Bergchuck, A, Soission, AP, Olt, GJ et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in normal and malignant endometrium. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161: 1247–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22 Roberts, AB, Anazano, MA, Lam, LC, Smith, JM, Sporn, MB. New class of transforming growth factors potentiated by epidermal growth factor: isolation from non-neoplastic tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1981; 75: 1864–66.Google Scholar
23 Di Augustine, RP, Petrusz, P, Bell, GI et al. Influence of estrogens on mouse uterine epidermal growth factor precursor protein and messenger ribonucleic acid. Endocrinology 1988; 122: 2355–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24 Adamson, ED, Meek, J. The ontogeny of epidermal growth factor receptors during mouse development. Dev Biol 1984; 103: 62–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25 Brigstock, DR, Heap, RB, Brown, KD. Polypeptide growth factors in uterine tissues and secretions. J Reprod Fertil 1989; 85: 747–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26 Han, VKM, Hunter, ES, Pratt, RM, Zendegui, JG, Lee, DC. Expression of rat transforming growth factor alpha mRNA during development occurs predominantly in maternal decidua. Mol Cell Biol 1987; 7: 2335–43.Google ScholarPubMed
27 Rappolee, DA, Brenner, CA, Schultz, GA, Pedersen, RA, Werb, Z. Developmental expression of PDGF, TGF-α TGF-β and genes in preimplantation mouse embryos. Science 1988; 241: 1823–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28 Kauma, SW. Interleukin-1 beta, human leukocyte antigen HLA-DR alpha, and transforming growth factor-beta expression in endometrium, placenta, and placental membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 163: 1430–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29 Daughaday, WH, Hall, K, Raben, MS, Salmon, WD Jr, Van den Brande, JL, Van Wyk, JJ. Somatomedin: proposed designation for suphation factor. Nature 1972; 235: 107–109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30 Rinderknecht, E, Humbel, RE. The amino acid sequence of human insulin-like growth factor I and its structural homology with proinsulin. J Biol Chem 1978; 253: 2769–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31 Rinderknecht, E, Humbel, RE. Primary structure of human insulin-like growth factor II. FEBS Lett 1978; 89: 283–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32 Tricoli, JV, Rail, LB, Scott, J, Bell, GI, Shows, TB. Localization of insulin-like growth factor genes to human chromosomes 11 and 12. Nature 1984; 310: 784–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33 D'Ercole, AJ, Stiles, AD, Underwood LE. Tissue concentrations of somatomedin C: further evidence for multiple sites of synthesis and paracrine or autocrine mechanisms of action. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984: 81: 935–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34 Murphy, LJ, Murphy, LC, Friesen, HG. Estrogen induces insulin-like growth factor expression in the rat uterus. Mol Endocrinol 1987; 1: 445–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35 Giudice, LC, Lamson, G, Rosenfeld, RG, Irwin, JC. Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) and IGF binding proteins in human endometrium. Ann NY Acad Sci 1991; 626: 295–307.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36 Mathews, LS, Norstedt, G, Palmiter, R. Regulation of insulin-like growth factor I gene expression by growth hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83: 9343–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37 Baxter, RC. The somatomedins: insulin-like growth factors. Adv Clin Chem 1986; 25: 49–115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38 Murphy, LJ, Friesen, HG. Differential effects of estrogen and growth hormone on uterine and hepatic insulin-like growth factor I gene expression in the ovariectomized hypophysectomized rat. Endocrinology 1988; 122: 325–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39 Lobie, PE, Breipohl, W, Garcia Aragon, J, Waters, MJ. Cellular localization of the growth hormone receptor/binding protein in male and female reproductive systems. Endocrinology 1990; 126: 2214–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40 Strowitzki, T, Wiedemann, R, Hepp, H. Influence of growth factors EGF, IGF-1, and human growth hormone on human endometrial stromal cells in vitro. Ann Ny Acad Sci 1991; 626: 308–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
41 Giudice, L, Lamson, G, Rosenfeld, RG, Regula, D, Irwin, JC, Gwatkin, RBL. Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGF-BP-1, BP-2, BP-3) in human endometrium: mRNA expression, protein synthesis, and cellular localization. VIIth World Congress on Human Reproduction, Helsinki, 1990: Abstract no. 457.Google Scholar
42 Rutanen, E-M, Pekonen, F, Mäkinen, T. Soluble 34K binding protein inhibits the binding of insulin-like growth factor I to its cell receptors in human secretory phase endometrium: evidence for autocrine/paracrine regulation of growth factor action. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 66: 173–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43 Rosenfeld, RG, Hintz, RL. In Conn, PM ed. The receptors, Volume 3. Orlando, Florida: Academic Press, 1986: 281–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44 Hintz, RL, Liu, F. Demonstration of specific plasma protein binding sites for somatomedin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1977; 45: 988–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
45 Povoa, G, Enberg, G, Jornvall, H, Hall, K. Isolation and characterization of a somatomedin-binding protein from mid-term human amniotic fluid. Eur J Biochem 1984; 144: 199–204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
46 Koistinen, R, Kalkkinen, N, Huhtala, M-L et al. Placental protein 12 is a decidual protein that has an identical N-terminal amino acid sequence with somatomedin-binding protein from human amniotic fluid. Endocrinology 1986; 118: 1375–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47 Bell, SC, Keyte, JW. N-terminal amino acid sequence of human pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha-1 globulin, an endometrial insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein – evidence for two small molecular weight IGF binding proteins. Endocrinology 1988; 123: 1202–204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
48 Brewer, MT, Stetler, GL, Squires, CH, Thompson, RC, Busby, WH, Clemmons, DR. Cloning, characterization, and expression of a human insulinlike growth factor binding protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988; 152: 1289–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49 Brinkman, A, Groffen, C, Kortleve, DJ, van Kessel, AG, Drop, SLS. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding the low molecular weight insulinlike growth factor binding protein (IBP-1). EMBO J 1988; 7: 2417–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
50 Lee, Y-L, Hintz, RL, James, PM et al. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein complementary deoxyribonucleic acid from human HP G2 hepatoma cells: predicted protein sequence suggests an IGF binding domain different from those of the IGF and IGF II receptors. Mol Endocrinol 1988; 2: 404–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
51 Julkunen, M, Koistinen, R, Aalto-Setälä, K et al. Primary structure of human insulin-like growth factor binding protein/placental protein 12 and tissue specific expression of its mRNA. FEBS Lett 1988; 236: 295–301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
52 Moses, AC, Freinkel, AJ, Knowles, BB, Aden, DP. Demonstration that a human hepatoma cell line produces a specific insulin-like growth factor carrier protein. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983; 56: 1003–1008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
53 Rutanen, E-M, Koistinen, R, Sjöberg, J et al. Synthesis of placental protein 12 by human endometrium. Endocrinology 1986; 118: 1067–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
54 Julkunen, M, Koistinen, R, Suikkari, A-M, Seppälä, M, Jänne, OA. Identification by hybridization histochemistry of human endometrial cells expressing mRNAs encoding a uterine betalactoglobulin homologue and an insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1. Mol Endocrinol 1990; 4: 700–707.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
55 Giudice, LC, Milkowski, DA, Lamson, G, Rosenfeld, RG, Irwin, JC. Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in human endometrium: steroid-dependent messenger ribonucleic acid expression and protein synthesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 72: 779–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
56 Rutanen, EM, Koistinen, R, Wahlström, T, Bohn, H, Ranta, T, Seppälä, M. Synthesis of placental protein 12 by human decidua. Endocrinology 1985; 116: 1304–309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
57 Pekonen, F, Nyman, T, Rutanen, EM. Human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines HEC-1B and KLE secrete insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 and contain IGF-I receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1991; 75: 81–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
58 Suikkari, AM, Jalkanen, J, Koistinen, R et al. Human granulosa cells synthesize low molecular weight insulin-like growth factor binding protein. Endocrinology 1989; 124: 1088–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
59 Koistinen, R, Suikkari, A-M, Tiitinen, A, Kontula, K, Seppälä, M. Human granulosa cells contain insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP-1) mRNA. Clin Endocrinol 1990; 32: 635–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
60 De Leon, DD, Wilson, DM, Bakker, B, Lamson, G, Hintz, RL, Rosenfeld, RG. Characterization of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins from human breast cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol 1989; 3: 567–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
61 Binkert, C, Landmehr, J, Mary, J-L et al. Cloning, sequence analysis and expression of a cDNA encoding a novel insulin-like growth factor binding protein IGFBP-2. EMBOJ 1989; 8: 2497–502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
62 Lamson, G, Oh, Y, Pham, H, Giudice, LC, Rosenfeld, RG. Expression of two insulin-like growth factorbinding proteins in a human endometrial cancer cell line: structural, immunological, and genetic characterization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989; 69: 852–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
63 Rosenfeld, RG, Lamson, G, Pham, H et al. Insulinlike growth factor binding proteins. Recent Prog Horm Res 1990; 46: 99–159.Google ScholarPubMed
64 Wood, WI, Cachianes, G, Henzel, WJ et al. Cloning and expression of the growth hormone-dependent insulin-like growth factor binding protein. Mol Endocrinol 1988; 2: 1176–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
65 Deal, C, Lamson, G, McGee-Tekula, R, Giudice, LC, Rosenfeld, RG. Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are produced by human placental trophoblasts in monolayer culture. Serono Symposium on Growth Factors and Reproduction, Savannah, Georgia, 04 1990: 28.Google Scholar
66 Ullrich, A, Gray, A, Tam, AW et al. . Insulin-like growth factor I receptor primary structure: comparison with insulin receptor suggests structural determinants that define functional specificity. EMBOJ 1986; 5: 2503–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
67 Marshall, RN, Underwood, LE, Voina, SJ, Foushee, DB, Van Wyk, JJ. Characterization of the insulin and somatomedin-C receptors in human placental cell membranes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974; 39: 283–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
68 Koistinen, R, Huhtala, M-L, Stenman, H-H, Seppälä, M. Purification of placental protein PP12 from human amniotic fluid and its comparison with PP12 from placenta by immunological, physicochemical and somatomedin-binding properties. Clin Chim Acta 1987; 164: 293–303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
69 Alitalo, T, Kontula, K, Koistinen, R et al. The gene encoding human low-molecular weight insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGF-BP25): regional localization to 7p12-p13 and description of a DNA polymorphism. Hum Genet 1989; 83: 335–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
70 Drop, SLS, Valiquette, G, Guyda, HJ, Corvol, MT, Posner, BI. Partial purification and characterization of a binding protein for insulin-like activity (ILAs) in human amniotic fluid: a possible inhibitor of insulin-like activity. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1979; 90: 505–18.Google ScholarPubMed
71 Elgin, RG, Busby, WH Jr, Clemmons, DR. An insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein enhances the biologic response to IGF-I. Proc Natl AcadSci USA 1987; 84: 3254–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
72 Busby, WH Jr, Klapper, DG, Clemmons, DR. Purification of a 31 000 dalton insulin-like growth factor binding protein from human amniotic fluid. Isolation of two forms with different biologic actions. J Biol Chem 1988; 263: 14203–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
73 Angervo, M, Koistinen, R, Suikkari, AM, Seppälä, M. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 inhibits the mitogenic action of insulin-like growth factor in human granulosa cells. Hum Reprod 1991; 6: 770–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
74 Koistinen, R, Itkonen, O, Selenius, P, Seppälä, M. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein inhibits binding of IGF-1 on fetal fibroblasts but stimulates their DNA synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990; 173: 408–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
75 Wahlström, T, Seppälä, M. Placental protein 12 (PP12) is induced in the endometrium by progesterone. Fertil Steril 1984; 41: 781–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
76 Waites, GT, James, RFL, Bell, SC. Immunohistochemical localization of the human endometrial secretory protein pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha-1-globulin, an insulin-like growth factor binding protein, during the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 67: 1100–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
77 Fazleabas, AT, Jaffe, RC, Verhage, HG, Waites, G, Bell, SC. An insulin-like growth factor binding protein in the baboon (Papio anubis) endometrium: synthesis, immunocytochemical localization, and hormonal regulation. Endocrinology 1989; 124: 2321–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
78 Thrailkill, KM, Clemmons, DR, Busby, WM Jr, Handwerger, S. Differential regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein secretion from human decidual cells by IGF-1, insulin, and relaxin. J Clin Invest 1990; 86: 878–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
79 Ritvos, O, Ranta, T, Jalkanen, J et al. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein from human decidua inhibits the binding and biological action of IGF-I in cultured choriocarcinoma cells. Endocrinology 1988; 122: 2150–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
80 Rutanen, E-M, Seppälä, M, Pietilä, R, Bohn, H. Placental protein 12 (PP12): factors affecting levels in late pregnancy. Placenta 1984; 5: 243–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
81 Baxter, RC, Cowell, CT. Diurnal rhythm of growth hormone-independent binding protein for insulin-like growth factors in human plasma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987; 65: 432–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
82 Holly, JMP, Biddlecombe, RA, Dunger, DB et al. Orcadian variation of GH independent IGF-binding protein in diabetes mellitus and its relationship with insulin. A new role for insulin? Clin Endocrinol 1988; 29: 667–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
83 Brismar, K, Gutniak, M, Povoa, G, Werner, S, Hall, K. Insulin regulates the 35 Kda IGF-binding protein in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinol Invest 1988; 11: 599–602.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
84 Suikkari, A-M, Koivisto, VA, Rutanen, E-M, Yki-Järvinen, H, Karonen, SL, Seppälä, M. Insulin regulates the serum levels of low molecular weight insulin-like growth factor binding protein. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 66: 266–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
85 Suikkari, A-M, Koivisto, VA, Koistinen, R, Seppälä, M, Yki-Järvinen, H. Dose-response characteristics for suppression of low molecular weight plasma insulin-like growth factor binding protein by insulin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989; 68: 135–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
86 Tapanainen, J, Rönnberg, L, Martikainen, H, Reinilä, M, Koistinen, R, Seppälä, M. Short- and long-term effects of growth hormone on circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 and insulin: a placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 73: 71–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
87 Singh, A, Hamilton-Fairley, D, Koistinen, R, Seppälä, M, Franks, S, Reed, MJ. Effect of insulin-like growth factor-type (IGF-1) and insulin on the secretion of sex hormone binding globulin and IGF-1 binding protein (IBP-1) by human hepatoma cells. J Endocrinol 1990; 124: R13–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
88 Hall, K, Lundin, G, Povoa, G. Serum levels of the low molecular weight form of insulin-like growth factor binding protein in healthy subjects and patients with growth hormone deficiency, acromegaly, and anorexia nervosa. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1988; 118: 321–26.Google ScholarPubMed
89 Cianfarani, S, Holly, JMP. Somatomedin-binding proteins: what role do they play in the growth process? Pediatrics 1989; 149: 76–79.Google ScholarPubMed
90 Rutanen, EM, Bohn, H, Seppälä, M. Radioimmunoassay of placental protein 12: levels in amniotic fluid, cord blood, and serum of healthy adults, pregnant women, and patients with trophoblastic disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982; 144: 460–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
91 Howell, RJS, Perry, LA, Choglay, NS, Bohn, H, Chard, T. Placental protein 12 (PP12): a new test for the prediction of the small-for-gestational-age infant. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1985; 92: 1141–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
92 Iino, K, Sjoberg, J, Seppälä, M. Elevated circulating levels of a decidual protein, placental protein 12, in preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol 1986; 68: 58–60.Google ScholarPubMed
93 Seppälä, M, Riittinen, L, Julkunen, M et al. Structural studies, localization in tissue and clinical aspects of human endometrial proteins. J Reprod Fertil 1988; 36 (Suppl): 127–41.Google ScholarPubMed
94 Wang, HS, Lim, J, English, J, Irwine, L, Chard, T. The concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein in human umbilical cord serum at delivery: relation to fetal weight. J Endocrinol 1991; 129: 459–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
95 Rutanen, E-M, Koistinen, R, Wahlström, T et al. Placental protein 12 (PP12) in the human endometrium: tissue concentration in relation to histology and serum levels of PP12, progesterone and oestradiol. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1984; 91: 277–381.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
96 Suikkari, A-M, Rutanen, E-M, Seppälä, M. Circulating levels of immunoreactive insulin-like growth factor binding protein in nonpregnant women. Hum Reprod 1987; 2: 297–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
97 Seppälä, M, Julkunen, M, Koskimies, A et al. Proteins of the human endometrium: basic and clinical studies toward a blood test for endometrial function. Ann NY Acad Sci 1988; 541: 432–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
98 Hossenlopp, P, Seurin, D, Segovia-Quinson, B, Binoux, M. Identification of an insulin-like growth factor binding protein in human cerebrospinal fluid with selective affinity for IGF-II. FEBS Lett 1986; 208: 439–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
99 Rosenfeld, RG, Pham, H, Conover, CA, Hintz, L, Baxter, R. Structural and immunological comparison of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins of cerebrospinal and amniotic fluids. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989; 68: 638–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
100 Binoux, M, Hardouin, S, Lassarre, C, Hossenlopp, P. Evidence for production by the liver of two IGF binding proteins with similar molecular weights but different activities for IGF I and IGF II. Their relations with serum and cerebrospinal fluid IGF binding proteins. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982; 55: 600–602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
101 Kiess, W, Greenstein, LA, White, RM, Lee, L, Rechler, MM, Nissley, SP. Type II insulin-like growth factor receptor is present in rat serum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84: 7720–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
102 Gelato, MC, Kiess, W, Lee, L, Malozowski, S, Rechler, MM, Nissley, P. The insulin-like growth factor II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor is present in monkey serum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 67: 669–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
103 Gelato, MC, Rutherford, C, Stark, RI, Daniel, SS. The insulin-like growth factor II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor is present in fetal and maternal sheep serum. Endocrinology 1989; 124: 2935–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
104 MacDonald, RG, Tepper, MA, Clairmont, KB, Perregaux, SB, Czech, MP. Serum form of the rat insulin-like growth factor II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor is truncated in the carboxyl-terminal domain. J Biol Chem 1989; 264: 3256–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
105 Hintz, RL. Role of growth-hormone and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins. Horm Res 1990; 33: 2–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
106 Baxter, RC. Characterization of the acid-labile subunit of the growth hormone-dependent insulinlike growth factor binding protein complex. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 67: 265–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
107 Binoux, M, Hossenlopp, P, Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and IGF-binding proteins: comparison of human serum and lymph. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 67: 509–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
108 Clemmons, DR, Underwood, LE, Chatelain, PG, Van Wyk, JJ. Liberation of immunoreactive somatomedin-C from its binding proteins by proteolytic enzymes and heparin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983; 56: 384–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
109 Mohan, S, Bautista, CM, Wergedal, J, Baylink, DJ. Isolation of an inhibitory insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein from bone cell-conditioned medium: a potential local regulator of IGF action. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 8338–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
110 Tabibzadeh, S. Evidence of T-cell activation and potential cytokine action in human endometrium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 71: 645–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
111 Fakih, H, Baggett, B, Holtz, G et al. Interleukin-1: a possible role in the infertility associated with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1987; 47: 213–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
112 Boehm, KD, Kelley, MF, Ilan, J, Ilan, J. The interleukin-2 gene is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast of the human placenta. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 656–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
113 King, A, Loke, YW. Trophoblast and JEG choriocarcinoma cells are sensitive to lysis by IL-2 stimulated decidual LGL. Cell Immunol 1990; 129: 435–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
114 Tatsumi, K, Mori, T, Mori, E, Kanzaki, H, Mori, T. Immunoregulatory factor released from a cell line derived from human decidual tissue. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol 1987; 13: 87–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
115 Okamoto, N, Karuya, Y, Takakura, K et al. Suppression by human placental protein 14 of natural killer cell activity and T cell proliferative response. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol 1992 (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
116 Dudley, DJ, Mitchell, MD, Creighton, K, Branch, DW. Lymphokine production during term human pregnancy: difference between peripheral leukocytes and decidual cells. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 163: 1890–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
117 Casey, ML, Cox, SM, Beutler, B, Milewich, L, Macdonald, PC. Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor alpha formation in human decidua. Potential role of cytokines in infection-induced preterm labor. J Clin Invest 1989; 83: 430–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
118 Hunt, JS. Cytokine networks in the uteroplacental unit: macrophages as pivotal regulatory cells. J Reprod Immunol 1989; 16: 1–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
119 Cantell, K. Prospects for the clinical use of exogenous interferon. Med Biol 1977; 55: 69–73.Google ScholarPubMed
120 Imakawa, K, Anthony, RV, Kazemi, M, Marotti, KR, Polites, HG, Roberts, RM. Interferon-like sequence of ovine trophoblast protein secreted by embryonic trophectoderm. Nature 1987; 330: 377–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
121 Loke, YW, King, A. Interferons and human placental development. Placenta 1990; 11: 291–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
122 Tabibzadeh, SS, Santhanam, U, Seghal, PB, May, L. Cytokine-induced production of interferon beta-2/interleukin-6 by freshly explanted human endometrial stromal cells. Modulation by estradiol 17β. J Immunol 1989; 142: 3134–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
123 Bulmer, JN, Morrison, L, Johnson, PM, Meager, A. Immunohistochemical localization of interferons in human placental tissues in normal, ectopic, and molar pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 1990; 22: 109–16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
124 Ealick, SE, Cook, WC, Vijay-Kumar, S et al. Three-dimensional structure of recombinant human interferon-γ. Science 1991; 252: 698–702.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
125 Athanassakis, I, Bleackley, RC, Paetkau, V et al. The immunostimulatory effect of T cells and T cell lymphokines on murine fetally derived placental cells. J Immunol 1987; 138: 37–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
126 Pollard, JW, Bartocci, A, Arceci, R, Orlofsky, A, Landner, MB, Richard, Stanley E. Apparent role of macrophage growth factor, CSF-1, in placental development. Nature 1987; 330: 484–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
127 Azuma, C, Saji, F, Kimura, T et al. Steroid hormones induce macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) and MCSF receptor mRNAs in the human endometrium. J Mol Endocrinol 1990; 5: 102–108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
128 Weggmann, TG, Athanassakis, T, Guilbert, L et al. The role of M-CSF and GM-CSF in fostering placental growth, fetal growth, and fetal survival. Transplant Proc 1989; 21: 566–68.Google Scholar
129 Yki-Järvinen, H, Wahlstrom, T, Seppälä, M. Immunohistochemical demonstration of relaxin in the genital tract of pregnant and nonpregnant women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983; 57: 451–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
130 Sakbun, V, Ali, SM, Greenwood, F, Bryant-Greenwood, GD. Human relaxin in the amnion, chorion, decidua parietalis, base plate, and placental trophoblast by immunocytochemistry and northern analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 70: 508–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
131 Hansell, DJ, Bryant-Greenwood, GD, Freenwood, FC. Expression of the human relaxin Hj gene in the decidua, trophoblast, and prostate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 72: 899–904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
132 Huang, JR, Tseng, L, Bischof, P, Jänne, OA. Regulation of prolactin production by progestin, estrogen, and relaxin in human endometrial cells. Endocrinology 1987; 121: 2011–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
133 Poisner, AM, Thrailkill, K, Poisner, R, Handwerger, S. Relaxin stimulates the synthesis and release of prorenin from human decidual cells: evidence for autocrine/paracrine regulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 70: 1765–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
134 Bischof, P, Tseng, L. In vitro production of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A by human endometrial cells. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol 1986; 10: 139–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
135 Tseng, L, Mazella, J, Chen, GA. Effect of relaxin on aromatase activity in human endometrial stromal cells. Endocrinology 1987; 120: 2220–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
136 Dallenbach-Hellweg, G, Dawson, AB, Hisaw, FL. The effect of relaxin on the endometrium of monkeys: histological and histochemical studies. Am J Anat 1967; 119: 61–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
137 Wilkin, P. La vascularisation de l'endometre humain au cours de la phase progestative du cycle menstruel et au cours de la nidation uterine et leur troubles. Masson et Cie: Paris, 1960: 331–45.Google Scholar
138 Porter, DG, Downing, SJ, Bradshaw, JMC. Relaxin inhibits spontaneous and prostaglandin driven myometrial activity in anesthetized rats. J Endocrinol 1979; 83: 183–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
139 Jones, SA, Summerlee, AJS. Relaxin acts centrally to inhibit oxytocin release during parturition: an effect that is reversed by naloxone. J Endocrinol 1986; 111: 99–102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
140 Maslar, IA, Riddick, DH. Prolactin production by human endometrium in the normal menstrual cycle. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979; 135: 751–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
141 Healy, DL. Endometrial prolactin and implantation. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1991; 5: 95–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
142 Zhu, HH, Huang, JR, Mazella, J, Rosenberg, M, Tseng, L. Differential effects of progestin and relaxin on the synthesis and secretion of immunoreactive prolactin in long term culture of human endometrial stromal cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 71: 889–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
143 Markoff, E, Lee, DW, Holligsworth, DR. Glycosylated and non-glycosylated prolactin in serum during pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 67:519–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
144 Casslen, BG, Siler-Khodr, TM, Harper, MJK. Progesterone regulation of prolactin release from human endometrial stromal cells in culture: potential bioassay for progestational activity. Acta Endocrinol 1990; 122: 137–44.Google ScholarPubMed
145 Thrailkill, KM, Golander, A, Underwood, LE, Handwerger, S. Insulin-like growth factor I stimulates the synthesis and release of prolactin from human decidual cells. Endocrinology 1988; 123: 2930–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
146 Bell, SC, Jackson, JA, Ashmore, J, Zhu, HH, Tseng, L. Regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 synthesis and secretion by progestin and relaxin in long term cultures of human endometrial stromal cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 72: 1014–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
147 Seppala, M, Yajima, M, Koistinen, R et al. Endometrial proteins as local regulators of human endometrial function and their appearance in serum: clinical applications. Ann NY Acad Sci 1991; 626: 312–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
148 Bohn, H, Winckler, W. Isolierung und Charakterisierung des Plazenta-Proteins (PP5). Arch Gynaekol 1977; 223: 179–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
149 Butzow, R, Lehto, VP, Ritvos, O, Ranta, T, Seppälä, M. Regulation of the production of placental protein 5 by human endometrial stromal cells, the role of prostaglandins E2 and F2α. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1988; 60: 137–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
150 Salem, HT, Seppälä, M, Chard, T. The effect of thrombin on serum placental protein 5 (PP5): is PP5 the naturally occurring antithrombin III of the human placenta? Placenta 1981; 2: 205–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
151 Siiteri, JE, Koistinen, R, Salem, HT, Bohn, H, Seppälä, M. Placental protein 5 is related to blood coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. Life Sci 1982; 30: 1885–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
152 Tiitinen, A, Butzow, R, Koistinen, R, Seppälä, M. Human endometrium and menstrual fluid contain placental protein 10 (PP10). Arch Gynecol 1987; 30: 148–54.Google Scholar
153 Lin, TM, Halbert, SP, Kiefer, D, Spellacy, WN, Gall, S. Characterization of four human pregnancyassociated plasma proteins. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1974; 118: 223–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
154 Sjöberg, J, Wahlström, T, Seppälä, M. Pregnancy associated plasma protein-A in the human endometrium is dependent on the effect of progesterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984; 58: 359–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
155 Sinosich, M, Davey, MW, Ghosh, P, Grudzinskas, JG. Specific inhibition of human granulocyte elastase by human pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Biochem Int 1982; 5: 777–86.Google Scholar
156 Bohn, H, Kraus, W, Winckler, W. New soluble placental tissue proteins: their isolation, characterization, localization and quantification. Placenta 1982; 4(Suppl): 67–81.Google ScholarPubMed
157 Julkunen, M, Seppälä, M, Jänne, OA. Complete amino acid sequence of human placental protein 14: a progesterone-regulated uterine protein homologous to beta-lactoglobulins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988; 85: 8845–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
158 Van Cong, N, Vaisse, C, Gross, MS, Slim, R, Milgrom, E, Bernheim, A. The human placental protein 14 (PP14) gene is localized on chromosome 9q34. Hum Genet 1991; 86: 515–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
159 Huhtala, ML, Seppälä, M, Närvänen, A, Palomäki, P, Julkunen, M, Bohn, H. Amino acid sequence homology between human placental protein 14 and beta-lactoglobulins from various species. Endocrinology 1987; 120: 2620–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
160 Julkunin, M, Koistinen, R, Sjöberg, J et al. Secretory endometrium synthesizes placental protein 14. Endocrinology 1986; 118: 1782–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
161 Julkunen, M. Human decidua synthesizes placental protein 14 in vitro. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1986; 112: 271–77.Google Scholar
162 Julkunen, M, Wahlström, T, Seppälä, M. Human fallopian tube contains placental protein 14. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 154: 1076–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
163 Riittinen, L, Julkunen, M, Seppälä, M, Koistinen, R, Huhtala, ML. Purification and characterization of endometrial protein PP14 from mid-trimester amniotic fluid. Clin Chim Acta 1989; 184: 19–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
164 Bell, SC, Bohn, H. Immunochemical and biochemical relationship between human pregnancy-associated secreted endometrial α1 - and α2 - globulins (α1 - and α2 - PEG) and the soluble placental proteins 12 and 14 (PP12 and PP14). Placenta 1986; 7: 283–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
165 Joshi, SG, Ebert, KM, Swartz, DP. Detection and synthesis of a progestagen-dependent protein in human endometrium. J Reprod Fertil 1980; 59: 273–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
166 Julkunen, M, Raikar, RS, Joshi, SG, Bohn, H, Seppälä, M. Placental protein 14 and progestagen-dependent endometrial protein are immunologically indistinguishable. Hum Reprod 1986; 1: 7–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
167 Sutcliffe, RG, Joshi, SG, Paterson, WF, Bank, JF. Serological identity between human uterine protein and human progestagen-dependent endometrial protein. J Reprod Fertil 1982; 65: 207–209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
168 Petrunin, DD, Kozlyaeva, GA, Mesnyankina, NV, Shevchenko, OP. Detection of chorionic alpha-2 microglobulin in the endometrium in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and in the male sperm. Akush i Ginek 1980; 3: 22–23 (in Russian).Google Scholar
169 Garde, J, Bell, SC, Eperon, IC. Multiple forms of mRNA encoding human pregnancy-associated endometrial α2-globulin, a β-lactoglobulin homologue. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 2456–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
170 K¨märäinen, M, Julkunen, M, Seppälä, M. Hinfl polymorphism in human progesterone-associated endometrial protein (PAEP) gene. Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19: 5092.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
171 Seppälä, M, Wahlström, T, Julkunen, M, Vartiainen, E, Huhtala, M-L. Endometrial proteins as indicators of endometrial function. In: Tomoda, Y, Mizutani, S, Narita, O, Klopper, A eds. Placental and endometrial proteins: basic and clinical aspects. Utrecht: VNU Science Press, 1988: 35–42.Google Scholar
172 Waites, GT, Wood, PL, Walker, RA, Bell, SC. Immunohistological localization of human secretory ‘pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha-2 globulin’ (alpha-2 PEG) during the menstrual cycle. J Reprod Fertil 1988; 82: 665–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
173 Garcia, JE, Acosta, AA, Hsui, J-G, Jones, HW. Advanced endometrial maturation after ovulation induction with human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin for in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 1984; 41: 31–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
174 Wahlström, T, Koskimies, Al, Tenhunen, A et al. Pregnancy proteins in the endometrium after follicle aspiration fo. in vitro fertilization. Ann NY Acad Sci 1985; 442: 402–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
175 Bolton, AE, Pockley, AG, Clough, KJ et al. Identification of placental protein 14 as an immunosuppressive factor in human reproduction. Lancet 1987; 1: 593–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
176 Pockley, AG, Mowles, EA, Stocker, RJ et al. Suppression o. in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to phytohaemagglutinin by placental protein 14. J Reprod Immunol 1988; 13: 31–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
177 Vaisse, C, Atger, M, Potier, B, Milgrom, E. Human placental protein 14 gene: sequence and characterization of a short duplication. DNA Cell Biol 1990; 9: 401–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
178 Mori, T, Takakura, K, Narimoto, K et al. Endocrine and immune implications of human endometrial decidualization in implantation. Ann NY Acad Sci 1991; 626: 321–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
179 Szekeres-Bartho, J, Varga, P, Kinsky, R, Chaouat, G. Progesterone-mediated immunosuppression and maintenance of pregnancy. FORUM 1990. Research in Immunol (Institut Pasteur) 1990; 141: 175–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
180 Clark, DA, Brierley, J, Banwatt, D, Chaouat, G. Hormone-induced preimplantation Lyt 2+ murine uterine suppressor cells persist after implantation and may reduce the spontaneous abortion rate in CBA/J mice. Cell Immunol 1989; 123: 334–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
181 Chaouat, G, Menu, E, Szekes-Bartho, J et al. Lymphokines, steroids, placental factors and trophoblast intrinsic resistance to immune-cellmediated lysis are involved in pregnancy success or immunologically mediated pregnancy failure. In: Gill, TJ, Wegmann, TG eds. Molecular immunology of the feto-maternal interface. London: Oxford University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
182 Julkunen, M, Apter, D, Seppälä, M, Stenman, U-H, Bohn, H. Serum levels of placental protein 14 reflect ovulation in nonconceptional menstrual cycles. Fertil Steril 1986; 45: 47–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
183 Joshi, SG, Rao, R, Henriques, EE, Raikar, RS, Gordon, M. Luteal phase concentration of a progestagen-associated endometrial protein (PEP) in the serum of cycling women with adequate or inadequate endometrium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986; 63: 1247–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
184 Seppälä, M, Rönnberg, L, Karonen, S-L, Kauppila, A. Micronized oral progesterone increases the circulating level of endometrial secretory PP14/beta lactoglobulin homologue. Hum Reprod 1987; 2: 453–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
185 Check, JH, Nowroozi, K, Check, ML, Vetter, B. Correlation of serum progestagen-associated endometrial protein levels with endometrial biopsies serum steroid levels and therapy for luteal phase defects. Hum Reprod 1991; 6: 511–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
186 Seppälä, M, Martikainen, H, Rönnberg, L, Riittinen, L, Kauppila, A. Suppression of prolactin secretion during ovarian hyperstimulation is followed by elevated serum levels of endometrial protein PP14 in the late luteal phase. Hum Reprod 1989; 4: 389–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
187 Seppälä, M, Alfthan, H, Vartiainen, E, Stenman, U-H. The post-menopausal uterus: the effect of hormone replacement therapy on the serum levels of secretory endometrial protein PP14/beta-lactoglobulin homologue. Hum Reprod 1987; 2: 741–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
188 Julkunen, M, Rutanen, E-M, Koskimies, A et al. Distribution of placental protein 14 in tissues and body fluids during pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1985; 92: 1145–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
189 Telimaa, S, Kauppila, A, Ronnberg, L et al. Elevated serum levels of endometrial secretory protein PP14 in patients with advanced endometriosis. Suppression by treatment with danazol and high dose medroxyprogesterone acetate. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161: 866–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
190 Than, GN, Seppälä, M, Julkunen, M et al. The effect of danazol on the circulating level of 34K insulin-like growth factor binding protein (PP12) and endometrial secretory protein PP14. Hum Reprod 1987; 2: 549–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
191 Cornillie, FJ, Seppälä, M, Riittinen, L, Koninckx, PR. Deep infiltrating pelvic endometriotic implants express endometrial protein PP14. VII World Congress on Human Reproduction, 1990: Abstract no. 614.Google Scholar
192 Edwards, RG. Human uterine endocrinology and the implantation window. Ann NY Acad Sci 1988; 541: 445–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
193 Than, GN, Tatra, G, Arnold, L et al. Serum PP12, PPM, SP1 and hCG values in the 28 days after the LH-surge in patients who do and do not conceive after artificial insemination. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1988; 243: 139–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
194 Wood, PL, Iffland, CA, Allen, E et al. Serum levels of pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha-2 globulin (alpha-2 PEG), a glycosylated beta-lactoglobulin homologue, in successful and unsuccessful assisted conception. Hum Reprod 1990; 5: 421–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
195 Critchley, HOD, Chard, T, Lieberman, BA, Buckley, CH, Anderson, DC. Serum PP14 levels in a patient with Turner's syndrome pregnant after frozen embryo transfer. Hum Reprod 1990; 5: 250–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
196 Fay, TN, Lindenberg, S, Teisner, B, Westergaard, JG, Grudzinskas, JG. Identification of specific serum proteins synthesized de novo by monolayer cultures of glandular epithelium of gestational endometrium. Hum Reprod 1990; 5: 14–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
197 Bergqvist, A, Borg, A, Ljungberg, O. Protooncogenes in endometriotic and endometrial tissue. Ann NY Acad Sci 1991; 626: 276–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
198 Ciocca, DR, Asch, RS, Adams, DJ, McGuire, WL. Evidence for the modulation of a 24k protein in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983; 57: 496–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
199 Jacobs, IJ, Fay, TN, Stabile, I, Bridges, J, Oram, DH, Grudzinskas, JG. The distribution of CA 125 in the reproductive tract of pregnant and non-pregnant women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1988; 95: 1190–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
200 Aplin, JD, Seif, MW. A monoclonal antibody to a cell surface determinant in human endometrial epithelium: stage-specific expression in the menstrual cycle. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 156: 250–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
201 Thor, A, Viglione, MJ, Muraro, R, Ohuchin, N, Scholm, J, Grostein, F. Monoclonal antibody B72.3 reactivity with human endometrium: a study of normal and malignant tissue. Int J Gynecol Pathol 1987; 6: 235–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
202 Tseng, L, Gurpide, E. Induction of human endometrial estradiol dehydrogenase by progestins. Endocrinology 1974; 97: 825–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
203 Galski, H, Weinstein, D, Abraham, K et al. Th. in vitro synthesis and secretion of alkaline phosphatase from first trimester decidua. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1982; 14: 1–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
204 Holinka, CF, Gurpide, E. Diamine oxidase activity in human decidua and endometrium. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 150: 359–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
205 Ferguson, AM, Fox, H. The expression of Ca antigen in normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrium. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1984; 91: 1042–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
206 Koistinen, R, Stenman, UH, Alfthan, H, Seppälä, M. Highly sensitive time-resolved immunofluorometric assay for 34 KD somatomedin-binding protein. Clin Chem 1987; 33: 1126–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
207 Riittinen, L, Stenman, UH, Alfthan, H, Suikkari, AM, Bohn, H, Seppälä, M. Time-resolved immunofluorometric assay for placental protein 14. Clin Chim Acta 1989; 183: 115–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed