Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T02:22:07.012Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

To Sow the Heart: Touch, Spiritual Anatomy, and Image Theory in Michelangelo’s Noli me tangere*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Christian K. Kleinbub*
Affiliation:
Ohio State University

Abstract

Long neglected and misunderstood, Michelangelo’s Noli me tangere (ca. 1531–32) features a puzzling figuration of its biblical subject, wherein Christ, rather than withdrawing from Mary Magdalene, touches her left breast with his finger. Following Augustine’s interpretation that Christ at this moment sows the seed of faith in the Magdalene’s heart, this article explains this unprecedented motif as a dissemblant sign for the implantation of faith in the soul, while arguing, on account of the gesture’s resonance with issues of spiritual and sensual touching, that the painting makes an original theoretical statement about the making and viewing of devotional images more generally.

Type
Studies
Copyright
Copyright © 2013 The University of Chicago Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

This article has its roots in my dissertation research, and was consequently developed in presentations for the Courtauld Institute of Art, Ohio State University, the Renaissance Society of America’s annual conference at Montreal in 2011, Indiana University–Purdue University Fort Wayne, and Pennsylvania State University. It has benefited from the suggestions of numerous scholars, including Sara M. Adler, Alexander Nagel, Aimee Ng, Lisa Rafanelli, David Rosand, Maria Ruvoldt, and William Wallace. I also owe a great deal to the advice of my Ohio State colleagues, most especially Amanda Gluibizzi.

References

Agoston, Laura C.Male/Female, Italy/Flanders, Michelangelo/Vittoria Colonna.” Renaissance Quarterly 58.4 (2005): 1175–219.10.1353/ren.2008.0886CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aikema, Bernard. “Titian’s ‘Mary Magdalen’ in the Palazzo Pitti: An Ambiguous Painting and Its Critics.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 57 (1994): 4859.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ambrose, . Expositio evangelii secundum Lucam. In Patrologia Latina (1844–55), 15: 1525b–1851.Google Scholar
Apostolos-Cappadona, Diana. In Search of Mary Magdalene: Images and Traditions. New York, 2002.Google Scholar
Arasse, Daniel. “L’excès des images.” In L’apparition à Marie-Madeleine: Noli me tangere, 79126. Paris, 2001.Google Scholar
Aristotle, De anima. Trans. Hamlyn, D. W.. Oxford, 1968.Google Scholar
Augustine, Tractatus in evangelium Iohannis CXXIV. In Patrologia Latina (1844–55), 35: 13751976.Google Scholar
Augustine, “Tractate 121.” In Tractates on the Gospel of John 112–24 and Tractates on the First Epistle of John, trans. John W. Rettig, 5661. Washington, DC, 1995.Google Scholar
Baert, Barbara. “Noli me tangere: Exercises in Image Theory and Iconophilia.” Image and Narrative 15 (2006a): 3rd exercise.Google Scholar
Baert, Barbara. “Touching with the Gaze: A Visual Analysis of the Noli me tangere.” In ‘Noli me tangere’: Mary Magdalene: One Person, Many Images, ed. Baert et al., 4352. Leuven, 2006b.Google Scholar
Baert, Barbara. “The Gaze in the Garden: Body and Embodiment in Noli me tangere.” Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek 58(2007–08): 1539.Google Scholar
Barasch, Moshe. “The Mask in European Art: Meanings and Functions.” In Art the Ape of Nature: Studies in Honor of J. W. Janson, ed. Moshe Barasch, Lucy Freeman Sandler, and Patricia Egan, 253–64. New York, 1981.Google Scholar
Barnes, Bernardine. Michelangelo’s Last Judgment: The Renaissance Response. Berkeley, 1998.Google Scholar
Barocchi, P., and Ristori R., eds. Il Carteggio di Michelangelo: Edizione postuma di Giovanni Poggi. 5 vols. Florence, 1973.Google Scholar
Barolsky, Paul. Michelangelo and the Finger of God. Athens, GA, 2003.Google Scholar
Berti, Luciano. Pontormo. Florence, 1966.Google Scholar
Berti, Luciano. Pontormo e il suo tempo. Florence, 1993.Google Scholar
Boyle, Marjorie O’Rourke. Senses of Touch: Human Dignity and Deformity from Michelangelo to Calvin. Leiden, 1998.Google Scholar
Brundin, Abigail. Vittoria Colonna and the Spiritual Poetics of the Italian Reformation. Burlington, 2008.Google Scholar
Buonarroti, Michelangelo. The Letters of Michelangelo Ed. and trans. Ramsden, E. H.. 2 vols. London, 1963.Google Scholar
Buonarroti, Michelangelo. Complete Poems and Selected Letters of Michelangelo. Ed. Linscott, Robert N.. Trans. Creighton Gilbert. Princeton, 1980.Google Scholar
Buonarroti, Michelangelo. The Poetry of Michelangelo. Ed. and trans. Saslow, James M.. New Haven, 1991.Google Scholar
Caciola, Nancy. Discerning Spirits: Divine and Demonic Possession in the Middle Ages. Ithaca, 2003.10.7591/9781501702181CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chrysostom, John. “Homily 86 on the Gospel of John.” In Patrologia Cursus Completus, Series Latina (Patrologia Graeca), ed. Migne, J.-P.. 161 vols. Paris, 1857–66.Google Scholar
Cole, Michael W. “The Demonic Arts and the Origin of the Medium.” The Art Bulletin 84 (2002): 621–40.10.2307/3177287CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, Michael W. “Perpetual Exorcism in Sistine Rome.” In Idols in the Age of Art: Objects, Devotions and the Early Modern World, ed. Michael W. Cole and Rebecca Zorach, 5776. Burlington, 2009.Google Scholar
Colombo, Realdo. De re anatomica libri XV. Venice, 1559.Google Scholar
Colonna, Vittoria. Rime. Ed. Bullock, Alan. Rome, 1982.Google Scholar
Condivi, Ascanio. Vita di Michelagnolo Buonarroti. Ed. Nencioni, Giovanni. Florence, 1998.Google Scholar
Costamagna, Philippe. Pontormo. Milan, 1994.Google Scholar
Cranston, Jodi. “Tropes of Revelation in Raphael’s ‘Transfiguration.’” Renaissance Quarterly 56.1 (2003): 125.Google Scholar
Cranston, Jodi. The Muddied Mirror: Materiality and Figuration in Titian’s Later Paintings. University Park, 2010.Google Scholar
Cropper, Elizabeth. “The Place of Beauty in the High Renaissance and Its Displacement in the History of Art.” Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies 132 (1995): 159205.Google Scholar
Debby, Nirit Ben-Aryeh. “Vittoria Colonna and Titian’s Pitti ‘Magdalen.’” Woman’s Art Journal 24 (2003): 2933.Google Scholar
D’Elia, Una Roman. The Poetics of Titian’s Religious Paintings. Cambridge, 2005.Google Scholar
D’Elia, Una Roman. “Drawing Christ’s Blood: Michelangelo, Vittoria Colonna, and the Aesthetics of Reform.” Renaissance Quarterly 59.1 (2006): 90129.Google Scholar
De Maio, Romeo. Michelangelo e la controriforma. Rome, 1978.Google Scholar
Dempsey, Charles. Inventing the Renaissance Putto. Chapel Hill, 2001.Google Scholar
de Tolnay, Charles. Michelangelo. 5 vols. Princeton, 1945–60.Google Scholar
Didi-Huberman, Georges. Fra Angelico: Dissemblance and Figuration. Trans. Jane Marie Todd. Chicago, 1995.Google Scholar
Dombrowski, Damian. Die religiösen Gemälde Sandro Botticellis: Malerei als pia philosophia. Berlin, 2010.Google Scholar
Ekserdjian, David. Correggio. New Haven, 1997.Google Scholar
Elkins, James. “Michelangelo and the Human Form: His Knowledge and Use of Anatomy.” Art History 7 (1984): 176–86.10.1111/j.1467-8365.1984.tb00139.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forster, Kurt W. Pontormo: Monographie mit Kritischem Katalog. Munich, 1966.Google Scholar
Franklin, David. Painting in Renaissance Florence, 15001550. New Haven, 2001.Google Scholar
Freedberg, S. J. Andrea del Sarto. 2 vols. Cambridge, MA, 1963.Google Scholar
Freedberg, S. J Painting in Italy: 15001600. New Haven, 1993.Google Scholar
Geoffroy, Marguerite, and Montandon, Alain, eds. Marie-Madeleine: Figure mythique dans la littérature et les arts. Clermont-Ferrand, 1999.Google Scholar
Gilbert, Creighton. “What Is Expressed in Michelangelo’s ‘Non-Finito’?” Artibus et Historiae 24 (2003): 5764.10.2307/1483730CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill, Meredith J. Augustine in the Italian Renaissance: Art and Philosophy from Petrarch to Michelangelo. Cambridge, 2005.Google Scholar
Gilio, Giovanni Andrea. Degli errori de’ pittori. 1564. In Trattati d’arte del Cinquecento fra Manierismo e Controriforma, ed. Paola Barocchi, 2:1115. Bari, 1960–61.Google Scholar
Goffen, Rona. Titian’s Women. New Haven, 1997.Google Scholar
Goffen, Rona. Renaissance Rivals: Michelangelo, Leonardo, Raphael, Titian. New Haven, 2002.Google Scholar
Gregory the Great, . Sancti Gregorii Magni Romani Pontificis XL Homiliarum in Evangelia Libri II. In Patrologia Latina (1844–55), 76: 1075–1312c.Google Scholar
Griswold, William M., and Linda Wolk-Simon. Sixteenth-Century Italian Drawings in New York Collections. New York, 1994.Google Scholar
Hall, James. Michelangelo and the Reinvention of the Human Body. New York, 2005.Google Scholar
Hamburger, Jeffrey F. Nuns as Artists: The Visual Culture of a Medieval Convent. Berkeley, 1997.Google Scholar
Heussler, Carla. Die Trinität von Sandro Botticelli in den Londoner Courtauld Institute Galleries. Frankfurt, 1997.Google Scholar
Hirst, Michael, and Gudula Mayr. “Michelangelo, Pontormo und das Noli me tangere für Vittoria Colonna.” In Vittoria Colonna: Dichterin und Muse Michelangelos, ed. Sylvia Ferino-Pagden, 335–44. Vienna, 1997.Google Scholar
Hollanda, Francisco de. Diálogos em Roma (1538): Conversations on Art with Michelangelo Buonarroti. Ed. Folliero-Metz, Grazia D.. Trans. Bell, Aubrey F. G.. Heidelberg, 1998.Google Scholar
Hood, William. Fra Angelico at San Marco. New Haven, 1993.Google Scholar
Ingenhoff-Danhäuser, Monika. Maria Magdalena: Heilige und Sünderin in der italienischen Renaissance. Tübingen, 1984.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Fredrika H. “Aretino and Michelangelo, Dolce and Titian: Femmina, Masculo, Grazia.” The Art Bulletin 82 (2000): 5167.Google Scholar
Jager, Eric. The Book of the Heart. Chicago, 2000.Google Scholar
Jerome, . Epistola CXX: Hieronymus ad Hedibam. In Patrologia Latina (1844–55), 22:325–1224.Google Scholar
Joannides, Paul. “Michelangelo: The Magnifici Tomb and the Brazen Serpent.” Master Drawings 34 (1996): 148–67.Google Scholar
Keach, William. “Cupid Disarmed or Venus Wounded: An Ovidian Source for Michelangelo and Bronzino.” Journal of Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 41 (1978): 327–31.Google Scholar
Kleinbub, Christian. Vision and the Visionary in Raphael. University Park, 2011.Google Scholar
Körner, Hans. Botticelli. Cologne, 2006.Google Scholar
Leo the Great, . “Sermo LXXIV” (De Ascensione Domini II). In Patrologia Latina (1844–55), 54: 396c–400b.Google Scholar
Leo the Great, . “Sermon 74: On the Lord’s Ascension.” In Leo the Great, Gregory the Great, ed. Schaff, Philip and Wace, Henry, trans. Feltoe, Charles L., 187–89. Peabody, 1994.Google Scholar
Lightbown, Ronald. Sandro Botticelli. 2 vols. Berkeley, 1978.Google Scholar
Maisch, Ingrid. Mary Magdalena: The Image of a Woman through the Centuries. Collegeville, 1998.Google Scholar
Mâle, Ėmile. L’art religieux du XVIIe siècle: Italie, France, Espagne, Flandres. Paris, 1984.Google Scholar
Milanesi, Gaetano. “Della Venere baciata da Cupido, dipinta dal Pontormo sul cartone di Michelangiolo Buonarroti.” In Le Vite dei piu eccellenti pittori, scultori ed architettori scritte da M. Giorgio Vasari, ed. Milanesi, Gaetano, 6:291–95. Florence, 1881.Google Scholar
Miles, Margaret. “Vision: The Eyes of the Body and the Eyes of the Mind in St. Augustine’s ‘De Trinitate’ and ‘Confessions.’” Journal of Religion 63 (1983): 125–42.Google Scholar
Moes, Robert J., and C. D. O’Malley. “Realdo Colombo: ‘On Those Things Rarely Found in Anatomy’: An Annotated Translation from the ‘De re anatomica’ (1559).” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 34 (1960): 508–28.Google Scholar
Morachiello, Paolo. Fra Angelico: The San Marco Frescoes. Trans. Daunt, Eleanor. London, 1996.Google Scholar
Mosco, Marilena, ed. La Maddalena tra sacro e profane. Milan, 1986.Google Scholar
Nagel, Alexander. “Gifts for Michelangelo and Vittoria Colonna.” The Art Bulletin 79(1997): 647–68.10.2307/3046280CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagel, Alexander. Michelangelo and the Reformation of the Image. Cambridge, 2000.Google Scholar
Nancy, Jean-Luc. Noli me tangere: On the Raising of the Body. Trans. Sarah Clift et al. New York, 2008.Google Scholar
Natali, Antonio. Andrea del Sarto. New York, 1999.Google Scholar
Nelson, Jonathan Katz “The Florentine ‘Venus and Cupid’: A Heroic Female Nude and the Power of Love.” In Venus and Love (2002), 2663.Google Scholar
Paoletti, John T. “Michelangelo’s Masks.” The Art Bulletin 74 (1992): 423–40.10.2307/3045891CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, Katherine. “Holy Autopsies: Saintly Bodies and Medical Expertise, 1300–1600.” In The Body in Early Modern Italy, ed. Julia L. Hairston and Walter Stephens, 6173. Baltimore, 2010a.Google Scholar
Park, Katherine. Secrets of Women: Gender, Generation, and the Origins of Human Dissection. New York, 2010b.Google Scholar
Patrologia Cursus Completus, Series Latina (Patrologia Latina). Ed. Migne, J.-P.. 221 vols. Paris, 1844–55.Google Scholar
Peirce, Charles Sanders The Philosophical Writings of Peirce. Ed. Buchler, Justus. New York, 1955.Google Scholar
Petrarch, . Petrarch’s Lyric Poems: The Rime sparse and Other Lyrics. Ed. and trans. Durling, Robert M.. Cambridge, MA, 1976.Google Scholar
Rafanelli, Lisa M. “The Ambiguity of Touch: St. Mary Magdalene and the Noli Me Tangere in Early Modern Italy.” Ph.D. diss., Institute of Fine Arts, New York, 2004.Google Scholar
Rafanelli, Lisa M. “Seeking Truth and Bearing Witness: The Noli me tangere and Incredulity of Thomas on Tino di Camaino’s Petroni Tomb (1313–1317).” Comitatus 37 (2006): 3263.Google Scholar
Rafanelli, Lisa M. “Sense and Sensibilities: A Feminist Reading of Titian’s Noli me tangere (1509–1515).” Critica d’Arte 36 (2009): 2847.Google Scholar
Rafanelli, Lisa M. “Michelangelo’s Noli me tangere for Vittoria Colonna: A Reflection of the Changing Status of Women in Renaissance Italy.” In Mary Magdalene: Iconographic Studies from the Middle Ages to the Baroque, ed. Amy Morris and Michelle Erhart, 223–48. Leiden, 2012.Google Scholar
Réau, Louis. Iconographie de l’art Chrétien. 3 vols. Paris, 1957.Google Scholar
Roscoe, Maria Fletcher. Vittoria Colonna: Her Life and Poems. London, 1868.Google Scholar
Roskill, Mark W. Dolce’s Aretino and Venetian Art Theory of the Cinquecento. Toronto, 2000.Google Scholar
Ruvoldt, Maria. “Michelangelo’s Dream.” The Art Bulletin 85 (2003): 86113.10.2307/3177328CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schulz, Juergen. “Michelangelo’s Unfinished Works.” The Art Bulletin 57 (1975): 366–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheard, Wendy S., and John T. Paoletti, eds. Collaboration in Italian Renaissance Art. New Haven, 1978.Google Scholar
Shearman, John. Andrea del Sarto. 2 vols. Oxford, 1965.Google Scholar
Sobotik, Kent. “Michelangelo’s Lost ‘Noli me tangere.’” Bulletin of the Dayton Art Institute 38 (1982): 58.Google Scholar
Sohm, Philip. “Gendered Style in Italian Art Criticism from Michelangelo to Malvasia.” Renaissance Quarterly 48.4 (1995): 759808.10.2307/2863424CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinberg, Leo. “Michelangelo’s Florentine Pietà: The Missing Leg.” The Art Bulletin 50 (1968): 343–53.Google Scholar
Steinberg, Leo. “Michelangelo’s Florentine Pietà: The Missing Leg Twenty Years After.” The Art Bulletin 71 (1989): 480505.Google Scholar
Summers, David. Michelangelo and the Language of Art. Princeton, 1981.Google Scholar
Summers, David. The Judgment of Sense: Renaissance Naturalism and the Rise of Aesthetics. Cambridge, 1987.Google Scholar
Summers, David. “Form and Gender.” New Literary History 24 (1993): 243–71.10.2307/469406CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vasari, Giorgio. Le vite de’ più eccellenti pittori, scultori e architettori, nella redazioni del 1550 e 1568. Ed. Bettarini, Rosanna and Barocchi, Paola. 9 vols. Florence, 1966.Google Scholar
Venus and Love: Michelangelo and the New Ideal of Beauty. Ed. Franca Falletti and Jonathan Katz Nelson. Florence, 2002.Google Scholar
Wallace, William E. “‘Dal disegno all spazio’: Michelangelo’s Drawings for the Fortifications of Florence.” Journal for the Society of Architectural Historians 46 (1987): 119–34.Google Scholar
Wallace, William E. “Il ‘Noli me tangere’ di Michelangelo: tra sacro e profane.” Arte cristiana 76 (1988): 443–50.Google Scholar
Webb, Heather. The Medieval Heart. New Haven, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilde, J. Italian Drawings in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum: Michelangelo and His Studio. London, 1953.Google Scholar
Wood, Jeryldene M. “Vittoria Colonna’s Mary Magdalen.” In Visions of Holiness: Art and Devotion in Renaissance Italy, ed. Andrew Ladis and Shelley E. Zuraw, 195212. Athens, GA, 2001.Google Scholar