Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T06:50:39.637Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Annotating the Golden Legend in Early Modern England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2019

Morgan Ring
Morgan Ring*
Affiliation:
Independent Scholar
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article discusses annotations to some eighty surviving copies of William Caxton's “Golden Legend.” It assesses reactions from male and female readers across the religious spectrum, exploring the varied ways in which early modern readers engaged with a book that quickly became—and has remained—a shorthand for medieval religion. It seeks to contribute to the history of the “Legend” itself, to historical understanding of annotation, and to the history of reading during the Reformation.

Type
Articles
Information
Renaissance Quarterly , Volume 72 , Issue 3 , Fall 2019 , pp. 816 - 862
Copyright
Copyright © Renaissance Society of America 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

This research was supported by the Gonville Studentship, at Gonville and Caius College; the Frances Yates Long-Term Fellowship, at the Warburg Institute; the Francis Weber Short-Term Fellowship, at the Huntington Library; two Minor Grants from the Bibliographical Society; and a Royal Historical Society Conference Travel Grant. My sincere thanks to colleagues at the Reformation Studies Colloquium, Early Modern Graduate Workshop, and Early Modern British and Irish History Seminar, especially to Brian Cummings, Eamon Duffy, Sam Kennerley, Bill Sherman, and Alexandra Walsham.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, New Haven, CT, Zi+9691. Annotated in English and Latin. Reading marks; sketching; missing woodcuts (including that of Becket); labeled woodcuts; transcription of the poem “As I went forth: In verno tempore.” 1493 (STC 24875).Google Scholar
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Bodleian, Arch.G.b.2. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to woodcuts; reading marks. 1483 (STC 24873).Google Scholar
Bodleian, Arch.G.c.2. Annotated in English and Latin. Annotated woodcuts; crossing out of “pope” and “papacye” in the life of Ursula; penmanship; reading marks; sketching. 1498 (STC 24876).Google Scholar
Bodleian, Toynbee 1112. Latin. Annotated in Latin. Reading marks; underlining. Louvain, 1504.Google Scholar
Bodleian, Vet. A1 d15. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to the feasts of Becket and the word “pope”; labeled woodcuts; penmanship; reading marks. 1512 (STC 24879).Google Scholar
Boston Public Library (BPL), RB XQ.402.45. Annotated in English and Latin. Additions to woodcuts; labeled woodcuts; prayers; sums; years. 1483 (STC 24873).Google Scholar
Brasenose College Library, University of Oxford, UB/S II 96. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to the life of Becket and the word “pope”; penmanship; sums; underlining. 1504 (STC 24877).Google Scholar
British Library (BL), London.Google Scholar
BL, C.11.d.8. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to life of Becket and the word “pope”; penmanship. 1483 (STC 24873 and 24874).Google Scholar
BL, C.11.c.16. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to the Becket feasts, including the translation woodcut, and to the word “pope”; reading marks; underlining. 1498 (STC 24876).Google Scholar
BL, IB 53312. Spanish. Annotated in English. Fourteen lines of anti-Catholic polemic before the prologue and minor annotations to the text itself. Burgos, 1499.Google Scholar
BL, C.53.g.9. Annotated in English. Damage to Becket feasts and the word “pope,” as well as to woodcuts; reading marks; underlining; woodcut damage. 1521 (STC 24879.5).Google Scholar
BL, C.1.22.h.7. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to Becket feasts and to the word “pope”; reading marks; sketching; underlining. 1527 (STC 24880).Google Scholar
Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Folger, 24875. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to the Becket feasts and to the word “pope”; labeled woodcuts; reading marks; underlining. 1493 (STC 24875).Google Scholar
Folger, 24877. The word “pope” is crossed out from the tabula and replaced with “byshoppe.” 1504 (STC 24877).Google Scholar
Folger, 24878.3. Annotated in English. Penmanship; underlining; sketching; sums. 1507 (STC 24878.3).Google Scholar
Folger, 24879.2. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to Becket's feasts and the word “pope,” as well as removal of references to Becket in the life of Edmund, bishop and confessor; substitutes for several Caxton word choices; reading marks; underlining. 1521 (STC 24879.5).Google Scholar
Folger, 24880. Annotated in English and Latin. Penmanship; reading marks. 1527 (STC 24880).Google Scholar
Guildhall Library, London, SR2. Annotated in English. Damage to Becket and the word “pope” in the tabula; labeled woodcut; underlining. 1504 (STC 24877).Google Scholar
Houghton Library, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Houghton Library, b (Typ Inc 9708). Fragment of the life of Judith; not annotated; woodcut colored in. 1498 (STC 24876).Google Scholar
Houghton Library, WKR.1.3.4. Annotated in English. Labeled woodcuts. 1493 (STC 24875).Google Scholar
Houghton Library, Gen (STC 24878.3). Annotated in English. “Our lade” crossed out and “mary” substituted in the Annunciation; penmanship; reading marks. 1507 (STC 24878.3).Google Scholar
Huntington Library and Archives, San Marino, CA.Google Scholar
Huntington, 69797. Annotated in English. Reading marks; underlining. 1483 (STC 24874).Google Scholar
Huntington, 88318. Annotated in English and Latin. Numbers and dates; penmanship; possible damage to Becket's woodcut and damage to the word “pope” and papal tiara; numbers and dates; reading marks; underlining. 1521 (STC 24879.5).Google Scholar
Huntington, 69790. Not annotated. 1527 (STC 24880).Google Scholar
John Rylands Library, Manchester.Google Scholar
Rylands, 12018. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to the word “pope”; reading marks; underlining. 1483 (STC 24873).Google Scholar
Rylands, 15389. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to Becket's name in the tabula and crossings out of the word “pope,” as well as “pappes”; reading marks. 1493 (STC 24875).Google Scholar
Rylands, 15406. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to Becket's life and to the words “pope” and “papacye”; penmanship; reading marks; sketching. 1504 (STC 24877).Google Scholar
Rylands, 13418. Damage to the Becket feasts and the word “pope,” as well as to the tiaras; penmanship; reading marks; sketching; woodcuts colored in. 1512 (STC 24879).Google Scholar
Rylands, 11034. Annotated in English. Penmanship; reading marks. 1527 (STC 24880).Google Scholar
Lambeth Palace Library, London.Google Scholar
Lambeth, 1507.1. Annotated in English. Description of the five senses from the life of Nazarien and Celsus copied on the flyleaf; reading marks. 1507 (STC 24878.5).Google Scholar
Lambeth, 1527.1. Annotated in English and Latin. Penmanship; reading marks; sketching. 1527 (STC 24880).Google Scholar
Lambeth, L40.4/102. Annotated in English and Latin. Reading marks; underlining. 1527 (STC 24880).Google Scholar
Library of Congress (LoC), Washington, DC.Google Scholar
LoC, Incun.X.J185. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to life of Becket and to the word “pope”; “God saue King Charles”; numbers; original poetry; penmanship; prayer; reading marks; transcription of “Come home again mine own sweetheart”; sketching; underlining; woodcuts variously added to, colored in, damaged, and labeled. 1483 (STC 24873).Google Scholar
LoC, Rosenwald 566. Not annotated. 1483 (STC 24873).Google Scholar
Lincoln Cathedral Library, Lincoln, UK, B 3/3. Latin. Annotated in English and Latin. Reading marks. Strasbourg, 1483.Google Scholar
National Library of Scotland (NLS), Edinburgh, F.6.e.6. Annotated in English. Damage to Becket's translation and to the word “pope”; reading marks; sums. 1507 (STC 24878.3).Google Scholar
New York Public Library.Google Scholar
NYPL, *KC+1484. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to Becket feasts and to the word “pope”; reading marks; underlining. 1483 (STC 24873).Google Scholar
NYPL, Spenc.Coll.Eng.1527. 1574 ownership signature of Humphrey Whitelock on the colophon. 1527 (STC 24880).Google Scholar
Parker Library, Corpus Christi College, University of Cambridge.Google Scholar
Parker Library, EP.H.7. Annotated in English and Latin. Damaged woodcuts; labeled woodcuts, including the first line of the Ave Maria on the Annunciation; penmanship; reading marks; sketching; underlining. 1483 (STC 24873).Google Scholar
Parker Library, SP.54. Latin. Annotated in Latin. Reading marks; underlining. Cologne, 1483.Google Scholar
Parker Library, EP.D.4. Latin. Annotated in Latin. Damage to the word “papa” and life of Becket missing. Cologne, 1485.Google Scholar
Pierpont Morgan Library, New York.Google Scholar
Morgan, PML 697. Annotated in English. Possible damage to the lions in the woodcuts of Mark and Jerome; sketching. 1483 (STC 24874).Google Scholar
Morgan, PML 724. Annotated in English and Latin. Corrections; sketching. 1493 (STC 24875).Google Scholar
Morgan, PML 739. Annotated in English, Greek, and Latin. Poetry in English and Latin; reading marks. 1498 (STC 24876).Google Scholar
Morgan, PML 767. Annotated in English. Damage to the Becket feasts; penmanship. 1504 (STC 24877).Google Scholar
Morgan, PML 780. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to the woodcut in Becket's life and to his translation; Pelagien's tiara struck out and his woodcut labeled “byschop,” although the word “pope” is not crossed out; penmanship; prayer; reading marks; sketching; underlining; woodcuts variously labeled and damaged. 1483 (STC 24874).Google Scholar
Morgan, PML 785. Annotated in English and Latin. Penmanship. 1493 (STC 24875).Google Scholar
Morgan, PML 61333. Annotated in English. Penmanship; prayers. 1521 (STC 24879.5).Google Scholar
Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto.Google Scholar
Thomas Fisher, 1218. Annotated in English. Damage to Becket's translation and the word “pope” in the account of Cornelius; penmanship; reading marks; woodcuts embellished with ink. 1507 (STC 24878.3).Google Scholar
Thomas Fisher, 97. Annotated in English, with a Latin ownership signature. Poem on final leaf; “pope” crossed out and replaced with “byshopp”; reading marks; underlining. 1527 (STC 24880).Google Scholar
Trinity College Library, University of Oxford, I.16.14. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to Becket's feasts and to the references to him in the life of Edmund, bishop and confessor, as well as damage to the words “pope” and “papacye” and the papal tiaras; damage to woodcuts; underlining. 1493 (STC 24875).Google Scholar
University Library (UL), University of Cambridge.Google Scholar
UL, Inc.2.J.1.1[3781]. Annotated in English, Greek, and Latin. Damage to word “pope”; penmanship; reading marks; sketching. 1483 (STC 24873).Google Scholar
UL, Inc.3.J.1.2[3549]. Annotated in English; labeled woodcut of Solomon. 1498 (STC 24876).Google Scholar
UL, Peterborough.Sp.1. Annotated in English. Quotation of Edward Bulkley's 1602 pamphlet An apologie for religion; reading marks; underlining. 1512 (STC 24879).Google Scholar
UL, Sel.3.54. Annotated in English. Critical annotations to the life of Becket, among others; numbers; penmanship; reading marks; underlining. 1512 (STC 24879).Google Scholar
Upper Library, St. John's College, University of Cambridge, A.1.9. Annotated in English. Damage to woodcuts; sketching; sums; reading marks. 1504 (STC 24877).Google Scholar
Ushaw College Library, Durham, W.C.23. Annotated in English. Damage to Becket feasts; doodling; numbers; prayers. 1521 (STC 24879.5).Google Scholar
Westminster Abbey, London, CD.80. Latin. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to the life of Becket; English poem by Thomas Tylly and John Lee, dated 1580. Basel, 1490.Google Scholar
Wren Library, Trinity College, University of Cambridge, VI.18.8. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to Becket's life and the word “pope,” with the word “purgatory” and the phrase “thyrty masses” crossed out from All Souls; missing woodcuts; reading marks; underlining. 1498 (STC 24876).Google Scholar
Yale Center for British Art (YCBA), New Haven, CT.Google Scholar
YCBA, BX4654.J32 (1498). Annotated in English. Reading marks; underlining. Although this copy is heavily annotated with anti-Catholic sentiments, the feasts of Becket and the word “pope” are largely intact. 1498 (STC 24876).Google Scholar
YCBA, BX4654.J32 (1504). Annotated in English and Latin. Reading marks and underlining; damage to Becket’s life; damage to woodcuts; penmanship; sums. 1504 (STC 24877).Google Scholar
Bibliothèque Mazarine, Paris, MS 1729. De Voragine, Jacobus. La légende dorée. Trans. Jean de Vignay. 1365–75. Digital edition: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8479013d.Google Scholar
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, Douce MS 372. De Voragine, Jacobus. Gilte Legende. 1438.Google Scholar
British Library (BL), London, Egerton MS 876. De Voragine, Jacobus. Gilte Legende. 1400–1500.Google Scholar
BL, London, Royal MS 8 D XI. De Voragine, Jacobus. Sermones. 1400–1500.Google Scholar
Lambeth Palace Library, London, MS 72. De Voragine, Jacobus. Gilte Legende. 1400–1500.Google Scholar
Lambeth, MS 223. South English Legendary. 1300–1400.Google Scholar
Yale Center for British Art (YCBA), BX4654.J32 (1504). Annotated in English and Latin. Reading marks and underlining; damage to Becket's life; damage to woodcuts; penmanship; sums. 1504 (STC 24877).Google Scholar
Acts of the Privy Council of England. 46 vols. London, 1890–1964.Google Scholar
Aston, Margaret. “Lap Books and Lectern Books: The Revelatory Book in the Reformation.” In The Church and the Book, ed. Swanson, R. N., 163–89. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Aston, Margaret. Broken Idols of the English Reformation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.10.1017/CBO9781139032834Google Scholar
Bartlett, Robert. Why Can the Dead Do Such Great Things? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2013.10.1515/9781400848782Google Scholar
Beasley, Nicholas M. “Wars of Religion in the Circum-Caribbean: English Iconoclasm in Spanish America, 1570–1702.” In Saints and Their Cults in the Atlantic World, ed. Cormack, Margaret, 150–73. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Black, Joseph. “The Rhetoric of Reaction: The Martin Marprelate Tracts (1588–89), Anti-Martinism, and the Uses of Print in Early Modern England.” Sixteenth Century Journal 28.3 (1997): 707–25.Google Scholar
Blair, Ann. Too Much to Know: Managing Scholarly Information before the Modern Age. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Bradbury, Nancy Mason. Writing Aloud: Storytelling in Late Medieval England. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Bulkley, Edward. An apologie for religion. London, 1602 (STC 4026).Google Scholar
Burke, John. A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, Extinct, Dormant, and in Abeyance. London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley, 1831.Google Scholar
Chapman, Alison A. Patrons and Patron Saints in Early Modern English Literature. London: Routledge, 2013.10.4324/9780203077542Google Scholar
Clark, Andy. Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action, and Cognitive Extension. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Collinson, Patrick. The Birthpangs of Protestant England: Religious and Cultural Change in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. London: Macmillan Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Collinson, Patrick. “Truth, Lies, and Fiction in Sixteenth-Century Protestant Historiography.” In The Historical Imagination in Early Modern Britain: History, Rhetoric, and Fiction, 1500–1800, ed. Kelley, Donald R. and Sacks, David Harris, 37–68. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Corbari, Eliana. Vernacular Theology: Dominican Sermons and Audience in Late Medieval Italy. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2013.10.1515/9783110240337Google Scholar
Crankshaw, David J., and Gillespie, Alexandra. “Parker, Matthew (1504–1575).” In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/21327.Google Scholar
Dailey, Alice. The English Martyr from Reformation to Revolution. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Dallington, Robert. Aphorismes ciuill and militarie amplified with authorities, and exemplified with historie. London, 1613 (STC 6197).Google Scholar
de Mézerac-Zanetti, Aude. “Liturgical Changes to the Cult of Saints under Henry VIII.” In Saints and Sanctity (2011), 181–92.Google Scholar
de Voragine, Jacobus. Golden Legend. Ed. and trans. Caxton, William. London, 1483 (STC 24873).Google Scholar
de Voragine, Jacobus. Legenda aurea sanctorum. Nuremberg, 1488.Google Scholar
de Voragine, Jacobus. Passionael. Lübeck, 1492.Google Scholar
de Voragine, Jacobus. La légende dorée. Ed. and trans. Brunet, M. G.. Paris: Ch. Gosselin, 1843.Google Scholar
de Voragine, Jacobus. The Golden Legend. Ed. Ellis, F. S. and Morris, William. Trans. William Caxton. 3 vols. Hammersmith: Kelmscott Press, 1892.Google Scholar
de Voragine, Jacobus. The Golden Legend or Lives of the Saints. Ed. Ellis, F. S.. Trans. William Caxton. 7 vols. London: J. M. Dent, 1900.Google Scholar
de Voragine, Jacobus. The Golden Legend: Readings on the Saints. Trans. Ryan, William Granger. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Driver, Martha W. The Image in Print: Book Illustration in Late Medieval England and Its Sources. London: The British Library, 2004.Google Scholar
Duffy, Eamon. The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England 1400–1580. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Duffy, Eamon. Marking the Hours: English People and Their Prayers 1240–1570. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Epstein, Steven A. Jacopo da Voragine: A Genoese Mind in Medieval Europe. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2016.10.7591/9781501703614Google Scholar
Foxe, John. Actes and Monuments of matters most speciall and memorable. London, 1583 (STC 11225).Google Scholar
Gillespie, Alexandra. “‘Folowynge the trace of mayster Caxton’: Some Histories of Fifteenth-Century Printed Books.” In Caxton's Trace: Studies in the History of English Printing, ed. Kuskin, William, 167–95. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Hackel, Heidi Brayman. Reading Material in Early Modern England: Print, Gender, and Literacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Harding, Thomas. A detection of sundrie foule errours. Louvain, 1568 (STC 12763).Google Scholar
Harvey, Margaret. “The Northern Saints after the Reformation in the Writings of Christopher Watson (d.1580).” In Saints and Sanctity (2011), 258–69.Google Scholar
Headley, John M., ed. The Yale Edition of the Complete Works of St. Thomas More, Volume 5: Responsio ad Lutherum. Trans. Sister Scholastica Mandeville. 2 vols. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Hearn, M. F. “Canterbury Cathedral and the Cult of Becket.” Art Bulletin 76.1 (1994): 19–52.10.2307/3046001Google Scholar
Heming, Carol Piper. Protestants and the Cult of the Saints in German-Speaking Europe, 1517–1531. Kirksville, MO: Truman State University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Hunter, J. Paul. “Seven Reasons for Rhyme.” In Ritual, Routine, and Regime: Repetition in Early Modern British and European Cultures, ed. Clymer, Lorna, 172–98. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Hutton, Ronald. The Rise and Fall of Merry England: The Ritual Year 1400–1700. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Jackson, H. J. Marginalia: Readers Writing in Books. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Jansen, Katherine Ludwig. The Making of the Magdalen: Preaching and Popular Devotion in the Later Middle Ages. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Jardine, Lisa, and Grafton, Anthony. “‘Studied for Action’: How Gabriel Harvey Read His Livy.” Past and Present 129.1 (1990): 30–78.Google Scholar
Jonson, Ben. Sejanus, His Fall. In Volpone and Other Plays, edLorna Hutson, .. London: Penguin, 1998.Google Scholar
King, John N. English Reformation Literature: The Tudor Origins of the Protestant Tradition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Kirsh, David, and Magio, Paul. “On Distinguishing Epistemic from Pragmatic Action.” Cognitive Science 18.4 (1994): 513–49.Google Scholar
Kleinberg, Aviad. Flesh Made Word: Saints’ Stories and the Western Imagination. Trans. Todd, Jane Marie. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Koopmans, Rachel. “Early Sixteenth-Century Stained Glass at St. Michael-le-Belfrey and the Commemoration of Thomas Becket in Late Medieval York.” Speculum 89.4 (2014): 1040–1100.Google Scholar
le Goff, Jacques. In Search of Sacred Time: Jacobus de Voragine and the Golden Legend. Trans. Cochrane, Lydia G.. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Lupton, Julia Reinhard. Afterlives of the Saints: Hagiography, Typology, and Renaissance Literature. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Marshall, Peter. “Forgery and Miracles in the Reign of Henry VIII.” Past and Present 178 (2003): 39–73.Google Scholar
Mayer, Thomas. “Becket's Bones Burnt! Cardinal Pole and the Invention and Dissemination of an Atrocity.” In Martyrs and Martyrdom in England c.1400–1700, ed. Freeman, Thomas S. and Mayer, Thomas F., 126–43. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Mueller, Janel. “The Saints.” In Cultural Reformations: Medieval and Renaissance in Literary History, ed. Cummings, Brian and Simpson, James, 166–87. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Parish, Helen L. “‘Impudent and Abhominable Fictions’: Rewriting Saints’ Lives in the English Reformation.” Sixteenth Century Journal 32.1 (2001): 45–65.Google Scholar
Parish, Helen L. Monks, Miracles and Magic: Reformation Representations of the Medieval Church. London: Routledge, 2005.Google Scholar
Patten, William. The expedicion into Scotlande of the most woorthely fortunate prince Edward, Duke of Soomerset. London, 1548 (STC 19476.5).Google Scholar
Pearson, David. “The Importance of Copy Census as a Methodology in Book History.” In Early Printed Books as Material Objects, ed. Wagner, Bettina and Reed, Marcia, 321–28. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2010.Google Scholar
Pfaff, Richard W. The Liturgy in Medieval England: A History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Piroyansky, Danna. Martyrs in the Making: Political Martyrdom in Late Medieval England. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.Google Scholar
Roberts, Peter. “Politics, Drama and the Cult of Thomas Becket in the Sixteenth Century.” In Pilgrimage: The English Experience from Becket to Bunyan, ed. Morris, Colin and Roberts, Peter, 199–237. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Rummel, Erika. “Erasmus and the Louvain Theologians—A Strategy of Defense.” Dutch Review of Church History 70.1 (1990): 2–12.Google Scholar
Rust, Jennifer R. “Reforming the Mystical Body: From Mass to Martyr in John Foxe's Acts and Monuments.” English Literary History 18.3 (2013): 627–59.Google Scholar
Ryrie, Alec. Being Protestant in Reformation Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Saints and Sanctity. Ed. Clarke, Peter and Claydon, Tony. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Sandler, Lucy Freeman. “The Study of Marginal Imagery: Past, Present and Future.” Studies in Iconography 18 (1997): 1–49.Google Scholar
Scully, Robert E. “The Unmaking of a Saint: Thomas Becket and the English Reformation.” Catholic Historical Review 86.4 (2000): 579–602.Google Scholar
Scutts, Sarah. “‘Truth Never Needed the Protection of Forgery’: Sainthood and Miracles in Robert Hegge's ‘History of St. Cuthbert's Churches at Lindisfarne, Cuncacestre, and Dunholme’ (1625).” In Saints and Sanctity (2011), 270–83.Google Scholar
Shagan, Ethan. “Confronting Compromise: The Schism and Its Legacy in Mid-Tudor England.” In Catholics and the Protestant Nation: Religious Politics and Identity in Early Modern England, ed. Shagan, Ethan, 48–68. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Sherman, William H. Used Books: Marking Readers in Renaissance England. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Smyth, Adam. “‘Shreds of holinesse’: George Herbert, Little Gidding, and Cutting Up Texts in Early Modern England.” English Literary Renaissance 42.3 (2012): 452–81.Google Scholar
Spencer, H. Leith. English Preaching in the Late Middle Ages. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Stamatakis, Chris. Sir Thomas Wyatt and the Rhetoric of Rewriting: “Turning the Word.” Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
St. John Hope, W. H. “Ancient Inventories of Goods Belonging to the Parish Church of St. Margaret Pattens in the City of London.” Archaeological Journal 42.1 (1885): 312–30.10.1080/00665983.1885.10852179Google Scholar
Suetonius. The Lives of the Caesars, Volume II. Ed. and trans. Rolfe, J. C.. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Summit, Jennifer. Memory's Library: Medieval Books in Early Modern England. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Sutton, Anne F. “Alice Claver d. 1489.” In Medieval London Widows 1300–1500, ed. Barron, Caroline and Sutton, Anne F., 129–42. London: Hambledon Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Thomas, Keith. “The Meaning of Literacy in Early Modern England.” In The Written Word: Literacy in Transition, ed. Baumann, Gerd, 97–132. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.Google Scholar
van Duijn, Mart. “Printing, Public, and Power: Shaping the First Printed Bible in Dutch (1477).” Church History and Religious Culture 93.2 (2013): 275–99.Google Scholar
Vickers, Brian. Shakespeare, Co-Author: A Historical Study of Five Collaborative Plays. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Vives, Juan Luis. De Causis Corruptarum Artium. In Io. Ludouici Viuis: Opera in Duos Distincta Tomos, 1:325–435. Basel, 1555.Google Scholar
Waller, Gary F. The Virgin Mary in Late Medieval and Early Modern English Literature and Popular Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Walsham, Alexandra. “Idols in the Frontispiece? Illustrating Religious Books in the Age of Iconoclasm.” In Illustrated Religious Texts in the North of Europe, 1500–1800, ed. Dietz, Feike, Morton, Adam, Roggen, Lien, et al. , 21–52. Farnham: Ashgate, 2014.Google Scholar
Whitaker, Elaine E. “A Collaboration of Readers: Categorization of the Annotations in Copies of Caxton's Royal Book.” Text 7 (1994): 233–42.Google Scholar
Whiting, Robert. The Blind Devotion of the People: Popular Religion and the English Reformation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Wieck, Roger S. “Folia Fugitiva: The Pursuit of the Illuminated Manuscript Leaf.” Journal of the Waters Art Gallery 54 (1996): 233–54.Google Scholar
Williams, Richard. “The Reformation of an Icon: Portraits of Christ in Protestant England.” In Art Re-Formed: Re-Assessing the Impact of the Reformation on the Visual Arts, ed. Hamling, Tara and Williams, Richard L., 71–86. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007.Google Scholar
Williams, Richard. “Cultures of Dissent: English Catholics and the Visual Arts.” In Catholic Communities in Protestant States, ed. Kaplan, Benjamin J., Moore, Bob, van Nierop, Henk, et al. , 230–46. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Woodes, Nathaniel. An excellent new commedie, intituled: The conflict of conscience. London, 1581 (STC 25966).Google Scholar
Yoshikawa, Naoë Kukita. “Veneration of Virgin Martyrs in Margery Kempe's Meditation: Influence of the Sarum Liturgy and Hagiography.” In Writing Religious Women: Female Spiritual and Textual Practices in Late Medieval England, ed. Renevey, Denis and Whitehead, Christiania, 177–95. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, New Haven, CT, Zi+9691. Annotated in English and Latin. Reading marks; sketching; missing woodcuts (including that of Becket); labeled woodcuts; transcription of the poem “As I went forth: In verno tempore.” 1493 (STC 24875).Google Scholar
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Bodleian, Arch.G.b.2. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to woodcuts; reading marks. 1483 (STC 24873).Google Scholar
Bodleian, Arch.G.c.2. Annotated in English and Latin. Annotated woodcuts; crossing out of “pope” and “papacye” in the life of Ursula; penmanship; reading marks; sketching. 1498 (STC 24876).Google Scholar
Bodleian, Toynbee 1112. Latin. Annotated in Latin. Reading marks; underlining. Louvain, 1504.Google Scholar
Bodleian, Vet. A1 d15. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to the feasts of Becket and the word “pope”; labeled woodcuts; penmanship; reading marks. 1512 (STC 24879).Google Scholar
Boston Public Library (BPL), RB XQ.402.45. Annotated in English and Latin. Additions to woodcuts; labeled woodcuts; prayers; sums; years. 1483 (STC 24873).Google Scholar
Brasenose College Library, University of Oxford, UB/S II 96. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to the life of Becket and the word “pope”; penmanship; sums; underlining. 1504 (STC 24877).Google Scholar
British Library (BL), London.Google Scholar
BL, C.11.d.8. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to life of Becket and the word “pope”; penmanship. 1483 (STC 24873 and 24874).Google Scholar
BL, C.11.c.16. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to the Becket feasts, including the translation woodcut, and to the word “pope”; reading marks; underlining. 1498 (STC 24876).Google Scholar
BL, IB 53312. Spanish. Annotated in English. Fourteen lines of anti-Catholic polemic before the prologue and minor annotations to the text itself. Burgos, 1499.Google Scholar
BL, C.53.g.9. Annotated in English. Damage to Becket feasts and the word “pope,” as well as to woodcuts; reading marks; underlining; woodcut damage. 1521 (STC 24879.5).Google Scholar
BL, C.1.22.h.7. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to Becket feasts and to the word “pope”; reading marks; sketching; underlining. 1527 (STC 24880).Google Scholar
Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Folger, 24875. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to the Becket feasts and to the word “pope”; labeled woodcuts; reading marks; underlining. 1493 (STC 24875).Google Scholar
Folger, 24877. The word “pope” is crossed out from the tabula and replaced with “byshoppe.” 1504 (STC 24877).Google Scholar
Folger, 24878.3. Annotated in English. Penmanship; underlining; sketching; sums. 1507 (STC 24878.3).Google Scholar
Folger, 24879.2. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to Becket's feasts and the word “pope,” as well as removal of references to Becket in the life of Edmund, bishop and confessor; substitutes for several Caxton word choices; reading marks; underlining. 1521 (STC 24879.5).Google Scholar
Folger, 24880. Annotated in English and Latin. Penmanship; reading marks. 1527 (STC 24880).Google Scholar
Guildhall Library, London, SR2. Annotated in English. Damage to Becket and the word “pope” in the tabula; labeled woodcut; underlining. 1504 (STC 24877).Google Scholar
Houghton Library, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Houghton Library, b (Typ Inc 9708). Fragment of the life of Judith; not annotated; woodcut colored in. 1498 (STC 24876).Google Scholar
Houghton Library, WKR.1.3.4. Annotated in English. Labeled woodcuts. 1493 (STC 24875).Google Scholar
Houghton Library, Gen (STC 24878.3). Annotated in English. “Our lade” crossed out and “mary” substituted in the Annunciation; penmanship; reading marks. 1507 (STC 24878.3).Google Scholar
Huntington Library and Archives, San Marino, CA.Google Scholar
Huntington, 69797. Annotated in English. Reading marks; underlining. 1483 (STC 24874).Google Scholar
Huntington, 88318. Annotated in English and Latin. Numbers and dates; penmanship; possible damage to Becket's woodcut and damage to the word “pope” and papal tiara; numbers and dates; reading marks; underlining. 1521 (STC 24879.5).Google Scholar
Huntington, 69790. Not annotated. 1527 (STC 24880).Google Scholar
John Rylands Library, Manchester.Google Scholar
Rylands, 12018. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to the word “pope”; reading marks; underlining. 1483 (STC 24873).Google Scholar
Rylands, 15389. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to Becket's name in the tabula and crossings out of the word “pope,” as well as “pappes”; reading marks. 1493 (STC 24875).Google Scholar
Rylands, 15406. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to Becket's life and to the words “pope” and “papacye”; penmanship; reading marks; sketching. 1504 (STC 24877).Google Scholar
Rylands, 13418. Damage to the Becket feasts and the word “pope,” as well as to the tiaras; penmanship; reading marks; sketching; woodcuts colored in. 1512 (STC 24879).Google Scholar
Rylands, 11034. Annotated in English. Penmanship; reading marks. 1527 (STC 24880).Google Scholar
Lambeth Palace Library, London.Google Scholar
Lambeth, 1507.1. Annotated in English. Description of the five senses from the life of Nazarien and Celsus copied on the flyleaf; reading marks. 1507 (STC 24878.5).Google Scholar
Lambeth, 1527.1. Annotated in English and Latin. Penmanship; reading marks; sketching. 1527 (STC 24880).Google Scholar
Lambeth, L40.4/102. Annotated in English and Latin. Reading marks; underlining. 1527 (STC 24880).Google Scholar
Library of Congress (LoC), Washington, DC.Google Scholar
LoC, Incun.X.J185. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to life of Becket and to the word “pope”; “God saue King Charles”; numbers; original poetry; penmanship; prayer; reading marks; transcription of “Come home again mine own sweetheart”; sketching; underlining; woodcuts variously added to, colored in, damaged, and labeled. 1483 (STC 24873).Google Scholar
LoC, Rosenwald 566. Not annotated. 1483 (STC 24873).Google Scholar
Lincoln Cathedral Library, Lincoln, UK, B 3/3. Latin. Annotated in English and Latin. Reading marks. Strasbourg, 1483.Google Scholar
National Library of Scotland (NLS), Edinburgh, F.6.e.6. Annotated in English. Damage to Becket's translation and to the word “pope”; reading marks; sums. 1507 (STC 24878.3).Google Scholar
New York Public Library.Google Scholar
NYPL, *KC+1484. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to Becket feasts and to the word “pope”; reading marks; underlining. 1483 (STC 24873).Google Scholar
NYPL, Spenc.Coll.Eng.1527. 1574 ownership signature of Humphrey Whitelock on the colophon. 1527 (STC 24880).Google Scholar
Parker Library, Corpus Christi College, University of Cambridge.Google Scholar
Parker Library, EP.H.7. Annotated in English and Latin. Damaged woodcuts; labeled woodcuts, including the first line of the Ave Maria on the Annunciation; penmanship; reading marks; sketching; underlining. 1483 (STC 24873).Google Scholar
Parker Library, SP.54. Latin. Annotated in Latin. Reading marks; underlining. Cologne, 1483.Google Scholar
Parker Library, EP.D.4. Latin. Annotated in Latin. Damage to the word “papa” and life of Becket missing. Cologne, 1485.Google Scholar
Pierpont Morgan Library, New York.Google Scholar
Morgan, PML 697. Annotated in English. Possible damage to the lions in the woodcuts of Mark and Jerome; sketching. 1483 (STC 24874).Google Scholar
Morgan, PML 724. Annotated in English and Latin. Corrections; sketching. 1493 (STC 24875).Google Scholar
Morgan, PML 739. Annotated in English, Greek, and Latin. Poetry in English and Latin; reading marks. 1498 (STC 24876).Google Scholar
Morgan, PML 767. Annotated in English. Damage to the Becket feasts; penmanship. 1504 (STC 24877).Google Scholar
Morgan, PML 780. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to the woodcut in Becket's life and to his translation; Pelagien's tiara struck out and his woodcut labeled “byschop,” although the word “pope” is not crossed out; penmanship; prayer; reading marks; sketching; underlining; woodcuts variously labeled and damaged. 1483 (STC 24874).Google Scholar
Morgan, PML 785. Annotated in English and Latin. Penmanship. 1493 (STC 24875).Google Scholar
Morgan, PML 61333. Annotated in English. Penmanship; prayers. 1521 (STC 24879.5).Google Scholar
Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto.Google Scholar
Thomas Fisher, 1218. Annotated in English. Damage to Becket's translation and the word “pope” in the account of Cornelius; penmanship; reading marks; woodcuts embellished with ink. 1507 (STC 24878.3).Google Scholar
Thomas Fisher, 97. Annotated in English, with a Latin ownership signature. Poem on final leaf; “pope” crossed out and replaced with “byshopp”; reading marks; underlining. 1527 (STC 24880).Google Scholar
Trinity College Library, University of Oxford, I.16.14. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to Becket's feasts and to the references to him in the life of Edmund, bishop and confessor, as well as damage to the words “pope” and “papacye” and the papal tiaras; damage to woodcuts; underlining. 1493 (STC 24875).Google Scholar
University Library (UL), University of Cambridge.Google Scholar
UL, Inc.2.J.1.1[3781]. Annotated in English, Greek, and Latin. Damage to word “pope”; penmanship; reading marks; sketching. 1483 (STC 24873).Google Scholar
UL, Inc.3.J.1.2[3549]. Annotated in English; labeled woodcut of Solomon. 1498 (STC 24876).Google Scholar
UL, Peterborough.Sp.1. Annotated in English. Quotation of Edward Bulkley's 1602 pamphlet An apologie for religion; reading marks; underlining. 1512 (STC 24879).Google Scholar
UL, Sel.3.54. Annotated in English. Critical annotations to the life of Becket, among others; numbers; penmanship; reading marks; underlining. 1512 (STC 24879).Google Scholar
Upper Library, St. John's College, University of Cambridge, A.1.9. Annotated in English. Damage to woodcuts; sketching; sums; reading marks. 1504 (STC 24877).Google Scholar
Ushaw College Library, Durham, W.C.23. Annotated in English. Damage to Becket feasts; doodling; numbers; prayers. 1521 (STC 24879.5).Google Scholar
Westminster Abbey, London, CD.80. Latin. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to the life of Becket; English poem by Thomas Tylly and John Lee, dated 1580. Basel, 1490.Google Scholar
Wren Library, Trinity College, University of Cambridge, VI.18.8. Annotated in English and Latin. Damage to Becket's life and the word “pope,” with the word “purgatory” and the phrase “thyrty masses” crossed out from All Souls; missing woodcuts; reading marks; underlining. 1498 (STC 24876).Google Scholar
Yale Center for British Art (YCBA), New Haven, CT.Google Scholar
YCBA, BX4654.J32 (1498). Annotated in English. Reading marks; underlining. Although this copy is heavily annotated with anti-Catholic sentiments, the feasts of Becket and the word “pope” are largely intact. 1498 (STC 24876).Google Scholar
YCBA, BX4654.J32 (1504). Annotated in English and Latin. Reading marks and underlining; damage to Becket’s life; damage to woodcuts; penmanship; sums. 1504 (STC 24877).Google Scholar
Bibliothèque Mazarine, Paris, MS 1729. De Voragine, Jacobus. La légende dorée. Trans. Jean de Vignay. 1365–75. Digital edition: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8479013d.Google Scholar
Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, Douce MS 372. De Voragine, Jacobus. Gilte Legende. 1438.Google Scholar
British Library (BL), London, Egerton MS 876. De Voragine, Jacobus. Gilte Legende. 1400–1500.Google Scholar
BL, London, Royal MS 8 D XI. De Voragine, Jacobus. Sermones. 1400–1500.Google Scholar
Lambeth Palace Library, London, MS 72. De Voragine, Jacobus. Gilte Legende. 1400–1500.Google Scholar
Lambeth, MS 223. South English Legendary. 1300–1400.Google Scholar
Yale Center for British Art (YCBA), BX4654.J32 (1504). Annotated in English and Latin. Reading marks and underlining; damage to Becket's life; damage to woodcuts; penmanship; sums. 1504 (STC 24877).Google Scholar
Acts of the Privy Council of England. 46 vols. London, 1890–1964.Google Scholar
Aston, Margaret. “Lap Books and Lectern Books: The Revelatory Book in the Reformation.” In The Church and the Book, ed. Swanson, R. N., 163–89. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Aston, Margaret. Broken Idols of the English Reformation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.10.1017/CBO9781139032834Google Scholar
Bartlett, Robert. Why Can the Dead Do Such Great Things? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2013.10.1515/9781400848782Google Scholar
Beasley, Nicholas M. “Wars of Religion in the Circum-Caribbean: English Iconoclasm in Spanish America, 1570–1702.” In Saints and Their Cults in the Atlantic World, ed. Cormack, Margaret, 150–73. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Black, Joseph. “The Rhetoric of Reaction: The Martin Marprelate Tracts (1588–89), Anti-Martinism, and the Uses of Print in Early Modern England.” Sixteenth Century Journal 28.3 (1997): 707–25.Google Scholar
Blair, Ann. Too Much to Know: Managing Scholarly Information before the Modern Age. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Bradbury, Nancy Mason. Writing Aloud: Storytelling in Late Medieval England. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Bulkley, Edward. An apologie for religion. London, 1602 (STC 4026).Google Scholar
Burke, John. A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, Extinct, Dormant, and in Abeyance. London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley, 1831.Google Scholar
Chapman, Alison A. Patrons and Patron Saints in Early Modern English Literature. London: Routledge, 2013.10.4324/9780203077542Google Scholar
Clark, Andy. Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action, and Cognitive Extension. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Collinson, Patrick. The Birthpangs of Protestant England: Religious and Cultural Change in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. London: Macmillan Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Collinson, Patrick. “Truth, Lies, and Fiction in Sixteenth-Century Protestant Historiography.” In The Historical Imagination in Early Modern Britain: History, Rhetoric, and Fiction, 1500–1800, ed. Kelley, Donald R. and Sacks, David Harris, 37–68. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Corbari, Eliana. Vernacular Theology: Dominican Sermons and Audience in Late Medieval Italy. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2013.10.1515/9783110240337Google Scholar
Crankshaw, David J., and Gillespie, Alexandra. “Parker, Matthew (1504–1575).” In Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/21327.Google Scholar
Dailey, Alice. The English Martyr from Reformation to Revolution. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Dallington, Robert. Aphorismes ciuill and militarie amplified with authorities, and exemplified with historie. London, 1613 (STC 6197).Google Scholar
de Mézerac-Zanetti, Aude. “Liturgical Changes to the Cult of Saints under Henry VIII.” In Saints and Sanctity (2011), 181–92.Google Scholar
de Voragine, Jacobus. Golden Legend. Ed. and trans. Caxton, William. London, 1483 (STC 24873).Google Scholar
de Voragine, Jacobus. Legenda aurea sanctorum. Nuremberg, 1488.Google Scholar
de Voragine, Jacobus. Passionael. Lübeck, 1492.Google Scholar
de Voragine, Jacobus. La légende dorée. Ed. and trans. Brunet, M. G.. Paris: Ch. Gosselin, 1843.Google Scholar
de Voragine, Jacobus. The Golden Legend. Ed. Ellis, F. S. and Morris, William. Trans. William Caxton. 3 vols. Hammersmith: Kelmscott Press, 1892.Google Scholar
de Voragine, Jacobus. The Golden Legend or Lives of the Saints. Ed. Ellis, F. S.. Trans. William Caxton. 7 vols. London: J. M. Dent, 1900.Google Scholar
de Voragine, Jacobus. The Golden Legend: Readings on the Saints. Trans. Ryan, William Granger. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Driver, Martha W. The Image in Print: Book Illustration in Late Medieval England and Its Sources. London: The British Library, 2004.Google Scholar
Duffy, Eamon. The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England 1400–1580. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Duffy, Eamon. Marking the Hours: English People and Their Prayers 1240–1570. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Epstein, Steven A. Jacopo da Voragine: A Genoese Mind in Medieval Europe. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2016.10.7591/9781501703614Google Scholar
Foxe, John. Actes and Monuments of matters most speciall and memorable. London, 1583 (STC 11225).Google Scholar
Gillespie, Alexandra. “‘Folowynge the trace of mayster Caxton’: Some Histories of Fifteenth-Century Printed Books.” In Caxton's Trace: Studies in the History of English Printing, ed. Kuskin, William, 167–95. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Hackel, Heidi Brayman. Reading Material in Early Modern England: Print, Gender, and Literacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Harding, Thomas. A detection of sundrie foule errours. Louvain, 1568 (STC 12763).Google Scholar
Harvey, Margaret. “The Northern Saints after the Reformation in the Writings of Christopher Watson (d.1580).” In Saints and Sanctity (2011), 258–69.Google Scholar
Headley, John M., ed. The Yale Edition of the Complete Works of St. Thomas More, Volume 5: Responsio ad Lutherum. Trans. Sister Scholastica Mandeville. 2 vols. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Hearn, M. F. “Canterbury Cathedral and the Cult of Becket.” Art Bulletin 76.1 (1994): 19–52.10.2307/3046001Google Scholar
Heming, Carol Piper. Protestants and the Cult of the Saints in German-Speaking Europe, 1517–1531. Kirksville, MO: Truman State University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Hunter, J. Paul. “Seven Reasons for Rhyme.” In Ritual, Routine, and Regime: Repetition in Early Modern British and European Cultures, ed. Clymer, Lorna, 172–98. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Hutton, Ronald. The Rise and Fall of Merry England: The Ritual Year 1400–1700. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Jackson, H. J. Marginalia: Readers Writing in Books. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Jansen, Katherine Ludwig. The Making of the Magdalen: Preaching and Popular Devotion in the Later Middle Ages. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Jardine, Lisa, and Grafton, Anthony. “‘Studied for Action’: How Gabriel Harvey Read His Livy.” Past and Present 129.1 (1990): 30–78.Google Scholar
Jonson, Ben. Sejanus, His Fall. In Volpone and Other Plays, edLorna Hutson, .. London: Penguin, 1998.Google Scholar
King, John N. English Reformation Literature: The Tudor Origins of the Protestant Tradition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Kirsh, David, and Magio, Paul. “On Distinguishing Epistemic from Pragmatic Action.” Cognitive Science 18.4 (1994): 513–49.Google Scholar
Kleinberg, Aviad. Flesh Made Word: Saints’ Stories and the Western Imagination. Trans. Todd, Jane Marie. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Koopmans, Rachel. “Early Sixteenth-Century Stained Glass at St. Michael-le-Belfrey and the Commemoration of Thomas Becket in Late Medieval York.” Speculum 89.4 (2014): 1040–1100.Google Scholar
le Goff, Jacques. In Search of Sacred Time: Jacobus de Voragine and the Golden Legend. Trans. Cochrane, Lydia G.. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Lupton, Julia Reinhard. Afterlives of the Saints: Hagiography, Typology, and Renaissance Literature. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Marshall, Peter. “Forgery and Miracles in the Reign of Henry VIII.” Past and Present 178 (2003): 39–73.Google Scholar
Mayer, Thomas. “Becket's Bones Burnt! Cardinal Pole and the Invention and Dissemination of an Atrocity.” In Martyrs and Martyrdom in England c.1400–1700, ed. Freeman, Thomas S. and Mayer, Thomas F., 126–43. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Mueller, Janel. “The Saints.” In Cultural Reformations: Medieval and Renaissance in Literary History, ed. Cummings, Brian and Simpson, James, 166–87. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Parish, Helen L. “‘Impudent and Abhominable Fictions’: Rewriting Saints’ Lives in the English Reformation.” Sixteenth Century Journal 32.1 (2001): 45–65.Google Scholar
Parish, Helen L. Monks, Miracles and Magic: Reformation Representations of the Medieval Church. London: Routledge, 2005.Google Scholar
Patten, William. The expedicion into Scotlande of the most woorthely fortunate prince Edward, Duke of Soomerset. London, 1548 (STC 19476.5).Google Scholar
Pearson, David. “The Importance of Copy Census as a Methodology in Book History.” In Early Printed Books as Material Objects, ed. Wagner, Bettina and Reed, Marcia, 321–28. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2010.Google Scholar
Pfaff, Richard W. The Liturgy in Medieval England: A History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Piroyansky, Danna. Martyrs in the Making: Political Martyrdom in Late Medieval England. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.Google Scholar
Roberts, Peter. “Politics, Drama and the Cult of Thomas Becket in the Sixteenth Century.” In Pilgrimage: The English Experience from Becket to Bunyan, ed. Morris, Colin and Roberts, Peter, 199–237. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Rummel, Erika. “Erasmus and the Louvain Theologians—A Strategy of Defense.” Dutch Review of Church History 70.1 (1990): 2–12.Google Scholar
Rust, Jennifer R. “Reforming the Mystical Body: From Mass to Martyr in John Foxe's Acts and Monuments.” English Literary History 18.3 (2013): 627–59.Google Scholar
Ryrie, Alec. Being Protestant in Reformation Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Saints and Sanctity. Ed. Clarke, Peter and Claydon, Tony. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Sandler, Lucy Freeman. “The Study of Marginal Imagery: Past, Present and Future.” Studies in Iconography 18 (1997): 1–49.Google Scholar
Scully, Robert E. “The Unmaking of a Saint: Thomas Becket and the English Reformation.” Catholic Historical Review 86.4 (2000): 579–602.Google Scholar
Scutts, Sarah. “‘Truth Never Needed the Protection of Forgery’: Sainthood and Miracles in Robert Hegge's ‘History of St. Cuthbert's Churches at Lindisfarne, Cuncacestre, and Dunholme’ (1625).” In Saints and Sanctity (2011), 270–83.Google Scholar
Shagan, Ethan. “Confronting Compromise: The Schism and Its Legacy in Mid-Tudor England.” In Catholics and the Protestant Nation: Religious Politics and Identity in Early Modern England, ed. Shagan, Ethan, 48–68. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Sherman, William H. Used Books: Marking Readers in Renaissance England. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Smyth, Adam. “‘Shreds of holinesse’: George Herbert, Little Gidding, and Cutting Up Texts in Early Modern England.” English Literary Renaissance 42.3 (2012): 452–81.Google Scholar
Spencer, H. Leith. English Preaching in the Late Middle Ages. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Stamatakis, Chris. Sir Thomas Wyatt and the Rhetoric of Rewriting: “Turning the Word.” Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
St. John Hope, W. H. “Ancient Inventories of Goods Belonging to the Parish Church of St. Margaret Pattens in the City of London.” Archaeological Journal 42.1 (1885): 312–30.10.1080/00665983.1885.10852179Google Scholar
Suetonius. The Lives of the Caesars, Volume II. Ed. and trans. Rolfe, J. C.. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Summit, Jennifer. Memory's Library: Medieval Books in Early Modern England. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Sutton, Anne F. “Alice Claver d. 1489.” In Medieval London Widows 1300–1500, ed. Barron, Caroline and Sutton, Anne F., 129–42. London: Hambledon Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Thomas, Keith. “The Meaning of Literacy in Early Modern England.” In The Written Word: Literacy in Transition, ed. Baumann, Gerd, 97–132. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.Google Scholar
van Duijn, Mart. “Printing, Public, and Power: Shaping the First Printed Bible in Dutch (1477).” Church History and Religious Culture 93.2 (2013): 275–99.Google Scholar
Vickers, Brian. Shakespeare, Co-Author: A Historical Study of Five Collaborative Plays. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Vives, Juan Luis. De Causis Corruptarum Artium. In Io. Ludouici Viuis: Opera in Duos Distincta Tomos, 1:325–435. Basel, 1555.Google Scholar
Waller, Gary F. The Virgin Mary in Late Medieval and Early Modern English Literature and Popular Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Walsham, Alexandra. “Idols in the Frontispiece? Illustrating Religious Books in the Age of Iconoclasm.” In Illustrated Religious Texts in the North of Europe, 1500–1800, ed. Dietz, Feike, Morton, Adam, Roggen, Lien, et al. , 21–52. Farnham: Ashgate, 2014.Google Scholar
Whitaker, Elaine E. “A Collaboration of Readers: Categorization of the Annotations in Copies of Caxton's Royal Book.” Text 7 (1994): 233–42.Google Scholar
Whiting, Robert. The Blind Devotion of the People: Popular Religion and the English Reformation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Wieck, Roger S. “Folia Fugitiva: The Pursuit of the Illuminated Manuscript Leaf.” Journal of the Waters Art Gallery 54 (1996): 233–54.Google Scholar
Williams, Richard. “The Reformation of an Icon: Portraits of Christ in Protestant England.” In Art Re-Formed: Re-Assessing the Impact of the Reformation on the Visual Arts, ed. Hamling, Tara and Williams, Richard L., 71–86. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007.Google Scholar
Williams, Richard. “Cultures of Dissent: English Catholics and the Visual Arts.” In Catholic Communities in Protestant States, ed. Kaplan, Benjamin J., Moore, Bob, van Nierop, Henk, et al. , 230–46. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Woodes, Nathaniel. An excellent new commedie, intituled: The conflict of conscience. London, 1581 (STC 25966).Google Scholar
Yoshikawa, Naoë Kukita. “Veneration of Virgin Martyrs in Margery Kempe's Meditation: Influence of the Sarum Liturgy and Hagiography.” In Writing Religious Women: Female Spiritual and Textual Practices in Late Medieval England, ed. Renevey, Denis and Whitehead, Christiania, 177–95. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2000.Google Scholar