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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 November 2018
One of the most attractive genres of educational literature consists of the sets of Latin and English prose passages written by English schoolmasters during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries to exercise their pupils in Latin. Some of the exercises were in Latin alone, intended as examples or models of Latin grammar and syntax. Others, which contemporaries called "vulgars" (Latin vulgaria), comprised passages in English for the pupils to translate into Latin, with model Latin versions for comparison.
1 On vulgaria see Orme, Nicholas, English Schools in the Middle Ages (London, 1973), pp. 98–100.Google Scholar
2 Nelson, William, A Fifteenth Century School Book (Oxford, 1956).Google Scholar
3 The MS is described in Warner, G. F. and Gilson, J. P., British Museum: Catalogue of Western Manuscripts in the Old Royal and King's Collections, vol. ii (London, 1921), p. 18.Google Scholar
4 The hat is closest to Briquet, C. M., Les Filigranes: Dictionnaire Historique des Marques du Papier, 2nd ed., 4 vols. (Leipzig, 1923), nos. 3396 and 3406Google Scholar, dated respectively 1473-85 and 1524-25. The hand resembles Briquet's nos. 11152, 11154 and 11165, dated respectively 1473, 1479-82 and 1505, and Monumenta Chartae Papyraceae, vol. i: Watermarks mainly of the tyth and 18th Centuries, ed. E. Heawood (Hilversum, Netherlands, 1950), nos. 2470-82, dated 1508-1530.
5 Horman, William, Vulgaria, ed. James, M. R. (Oxford, 1926), p. 13.Google Scholar
6 On the history of the school see Starrier, R. S., Magdalen School, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 1958)Google Scholar.
7 Ibid., pp. 29-41; Nelson (above, note 2), pp. vii-xv.
8 Royal 12 and Arundel 164; Royal 40 and Arundel 189; Royal 45 and Arundel 195; Royal 50 and Arundel 56. For other parallels see the notes to the text, below, pp. 37-39.
9 On the status and remuneration of schoolmasters up to 1509 see Orme, Nicholas, “Schoolmasters,” in Profession, Vocation and Culture in Medieval England, ed. Clough, C. H. (Liverpool, 1981, forthcoming).Google Scholar
10 On Oxford, pending a new edition of the “Register of Congregation” after 1505, see Emden, A. B., A Biographical Register of the University of Oxford, A.D. 1501 to 1540 (Oxford, 1974)Google Scholar, passim, and on Cambridge, Grace Book r containing the Records of the University of Cambridge for the years 1501-1542, ed. W. S. Searle (Cambridge, 1903), entries indexed on pp. 443 and 448.
11 Nelson (above, note 2), p. 1.
12 Ibid., p. 2.
13 Orme (above, note 1), p. 124.
14 Ibid., pp. 98, 130-131.
15 The earliest known lists of authors and texts studied in Tudor schools are those of Eton and Winchester in 1530 (A. F. Leach, “Winchester College,” Victoria County History of Hampshire, vol. ii (Westminister, 1903), pp. 298-299; “Eton College,” Victoria County History of Buckinghamshire, vol. ii (London, 1908), p. 179; Educational Charters and Documents, 398 to 10.09. Cambridge, 1911), pp. 448
16 For references see below, p. 38, note 34.
17 Nelson (above, note 2), pp. 1-2.
18 Ibid., p. 30.
19 Orme (above, note 1), p. 133.
20 Macray, W. D., A Register of the Members of St. Mary Magdalen College, Oxford, new series, vol. i (London, 1894), pp. 21–68 Google Scholar passim.
21 Orme (above, note 1), pp. 254-257.