Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T17:08:32.397Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

War and Seduction in Cybele’s Garden: Contextualizing the Ballet des Polonais*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Ewa Kociszewska*
Affiliation:
Warburg Institute

Abstract

This article examines the Ballet des Polonais (1573), a magnificent festival given by Catherine de Médicis on the occasion of the election of her son, Henri de Valois, the future Henri III of France, to the throne of Poland. It argues that the invention of spectacle, as described in the official Latin account by the poet and humanist Jean Dorat, is much more relevant to the political situation of the time than scholars have previously recognized. Placed in an immediate historical, literary, and visual context, the text of the Ballet makes allusions to contemporary topics, including the military glory of Henri de Valois and the imperial destiny of the French monarchy. The elaborate web of references to books 5 and 9 of the Aeneid and to Catullus 64 displays the primary role of Catherine de Médicis, who is lauded for overcoming her maternal sorrow at Henri’s departure for the sake of promoting the Valois Empire.

Type
Studies
Copyright
Copyright © 2012 Renaissance Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

I am grateful to my supervisors, Juliusz A. Chrościcki and Monique Chatenet, for their support, patience, and guidance during research in Warsaw and Paris. My thanks also to Kate Van Orden and to other, anonymous readers of this article for their valuable suggestions towards its improvement. I am especially grateful to the staff of the Warburg Institute, where I held the Saxl Fellowship in 2008 and 2010, and to the French Government, the Foundation for Polish Science, and the Lanckoroński Foundation, which all generously supported my research.

References

Bibliography

Archivio di Stato di Firenze, Florence, Misc. Medicea 505. Google Scholar
Biblioteka Czartoryskich, Cracow, Teka Naruszewicza 82, nr. 65.Google Scholar
Biblioteka Narodowa, Warsaw, rkps III 3083.Google Scholar
Amico, Leonard N. Bernard Palissy: In Search of Earthly Paradise. Paris, 1996.Google Scholar
Anglo, Sydney. The Martial Arts of Renaissance Europe. New Haven, 2000.Google Scholar
Anglo, Sydney. “The Barriers: From Combat to Dance (Almost).” Dance Research 25.2 ( 2007 ): 91106.10.3366/drs.2007.25.2.91CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ansalone, Antonino. Il cavaliere. Messina, 1629.Google Scholar
Archiv für Schweizerische Geschichte herausgegeben auf Veranstaltung der Allgemeinen Geschichtforschenden Gesellschaft der Schweiz. Ed. Johann Jacob Hottinger. 20 vols. Zurich, 1843 – 76.Google Scholar
Aronson, Nicole. “Les reines et le ‘Cinquième Livre’ de Rabelais.” Studi francesi 16 ( 1972 ): 324 – 29.Google Scholar
Balsamo, Jean. “‘Ses vertus l’ont assise au rang des Immortels’: Catherine de Médicis et ses poètes.” In Il mecenatismo ( 2008 ), 1138.Google Scholar
Bertrand, Pascal-François. “A New Method of Interpreting the Valois Tapestries, through a History of Catherine de Médicis.” Studies in the Decorative Arts 14.1 ( 2006–07 ): 2752.10.1086/studdecoarts.14.1.40663287CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berty, Adolphe. Topographie historique du vieux Paris. Région du Louvre et des Tuileries. 2 vols. Paris, 1885.Google Scholar
Bimbenet-Privat, Michèle. “Catherine de Médicis et ses orfèvres: précision, exigence, autorité.” In Patronnes et mécènes ( 2007 ), 545 – 55.Google Scholar
Bjurström, Per. Stockholm. Nationalmuseum. French Drawings. Stockholm, 1976.Google Scholar
Bogumił, Izabela. “Ioannes Auratus o widowisku na cześć Henryka Walezego.” In Studia Neolatina. Rozprawy i szkice dedykowane Profesor Marii Cytowskiej, ed., Mejor, Mieczysław and, Milewska-Waźbińska, Barbara, 4760. Warsaw, 2003.Google Scholar
Bonnifet, Pierre. “Esquisses du ballet humaniste (1572–1581).” In Le ballet au XVI e et au XVII e siècle en France et à la cour de Savoie, ed., Bouquet-Boyer, Marie-Thérèse, 1549. Geneva, 1992.Google Scholar
Boucher, Jacqueline. Société et mentalités autour de Henri III. Paris, 2007.Google Scholar
Brady Lawler, Lillian. “The Geranos Dance — A New Interpretation.” Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 77 ( 1941 ): 112 – 30.10.2307/283449CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brantôme, Pierre de Bourdeille. Recueil des Dames, poésies et tombeaux. Ed., Vaucheret, Etienne. Paris, 1991.Google Scholar
Bresc-Bautier, Geneviève,, Denis Caget, Emmanuel Jacquin. Jardin du Carrousel et des Tuileries. Paris, 1996.Google Scholar
Brooks, Jeanice. “Catherine de Médicis, nouvelle Artémise: Women’s Laments and the Virtue of Grief.” Early Music 27.3 ( 1999 ): 419 – 35.10.1093/earlyj/XXVII.3.419CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, Jeanice. Courtly Song in Late Sixteenth-Century France. Chicago, 2000.Google Scholar
Brun, Robert. Le livre français illustré de la Renaissance. Paris, 1969.Google Scholar
Buccio, Pietro. Le coronationi di Polonia et di Francia del christianissimo re Henrico III con le attioni et successi de’ suoi viagi. Padua, 1575.Google Scholar
Canguilhem, Philippe. “Catherine de Médicis, la musique, l’Italie.” In Il mecenatismo ( 2008 ), 135 – 48.Google Scholar
Capodieci, Luisa. Medicæa Medæa. Art, astres et pouvoir à la cour de Catherine de Médicis. Geneva, 2011.Google Scholar
Catullus. The Poems. Trans. Francis Warre Cornish. Rev. ed., G. P. Goold. Cambridge, MA, 1987.Google Scholar
Chatenet, Monique, and, Luisa, Capodieci. “Les triomphes des noces de Joyeuse (17 septembre–19 octobre 1581) à travers la correspondances diplomatique italienne et l’Epithalame de Jean Dorat.” Bulletin de la Société de l’Histoire de l’Art Français ( 2006 ): 935.Google Scholar
Choisnin, Jean. Mémoires ou Discours de tout ce qui s’est faict et passé pour l’entiere negociation de l’élection du roy de Polongne. Paris, 1823.Google Scholar
Coeurdevey, Annie. Roland de Lassus. Paris, 2003.Google Scholar
Colonna, Francesco. Hypnerotomachie, ou discours du Songe de Poliphile, déduisant comme amour le combat à l’occasion de Polia. Trans. Jean Martin. Paris, 1546.Google Scholar
Correspondance du nonce en France Antonio Maria Salviati (1572–1578). Ed. Hurtubise, Pierre. Rome, 1975.Google Scholar
Crawford, Katherine. “Catherine de Médicis and the Performance of Political Motherhood.” Sixteenth Century Journal 31.3 ( 2000 ): 643 – 73.10.2307/2671075CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, Katherine. Perilous Performances: Gender and Regency in Early Modern France. Cambridge, MA, 2004.Google Scholar
Crawford, Katherine. “Constructing Evil Foreign Queens.” Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 37.2 ( 2007 ): 393418.10.1215/10829636-2007-006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crouzet, Denis. Le haut cœur de Catherine de Médicis. Une raison politique aux temps de la Saint-Barthélemy. Paris, 2005.Google Scholar
Crouzet, Denis. “‘A strong desire to be a mother to all your subjects’: A Rhetorical Experiment by Catherine de Medici.” Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 38.1 ( 2008 ): 103 – 18.10.1215/10829636-2007-021CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D’Aubigné, Theodore Agrippa. Histoire universelle. Ed. Thierry, André. 10 vols. Geneva, 1981 – 99.Google Scholar
Davis, Natalie Zemon. “Mathematicians in the Sixteenth-Century French Academies: Some Further Evidence.” Renaissance News 11.1 ( 1958 ): 310.10.2307/2857828CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Natalie Zemon. “Sixteenth-Century French Arithmetics on the Business Life.” Journal of the History of Ideas 21.1 ( 1960 ): 1848.10.2307/2707997CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Natalie Zemon. “Women on Top: Symbolic Sexual Inversion and Political Disorder in Early Modern Europe.” In The Reversible World: Symbolic Inversion in Art and Society, ed., Babcock, Barbara, 147 – 90. Ithaca, 1978.Google Scholar
Demerson, Geneviève. Dorat en son temps: culture classique et présence au monde. Clermont-Ferrand, 1983.Google Scholar
Desportes, Philippe. Diverses amours et autres œuvres meslées. Geneva, 1963.Google Scholar
Diariusz poselstwa polskiego do Francji po Henryka Walezego w 1573 roku. Ed. Przyboś, Adam and, Żelewski, Roman. Wrocław, 1983.Google Scholar
Doob, Penelope Reed. The Idea of the Labyrinth: From Classical Antiquity through the Middle Ages. Ithaca, 1990.Google Scholar
Dorat, Jean. Paenes sive Hymni in Triplicem Victoriam. Paris, 1569.Google Scholar
Dorat, Jean. Ad amplissimos Polonorum legatos Parisiorum urbem ingredientes, prosphonetici versus. Paris, 1573a.Google Scholar
Dorat, Jean. Magnificentissimi spectaculi, a Regina Regum Matre in hortis suburbanis editi, In Henrici Regis Poloniae invictissimi nuper renunciati gratulationem, Descriptio. Paris, 1573b.Google Scholar
Dorat, Jean. Poëmatia. Paris, 1586.Google Scholar
Du Choul, Guillaume. Des Bains et antiques exercitations grecques et romaines. De la Religion des anciens Romains. Lyons, 1556.Google Scholar
Du Mont, Nicolas. Les feux de joye faicts à Paris pour l’arrivée du Roy de France. Paris, 1574.Google Scholar
Dunkle, Roger. “Games and Transition: ‘Aeneid’; 3 and 5.” The Classical World 98.2 ( 2005 ): 153 – 76.10.2307/4352926CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehrmann, Jean. Antoine Caron: peintre des fêtes et des massacres. Paris, 1986.Google Scholar
Fantham, Elaine. “Nymphas… e navibus esse: Decorum and Poetic Fiction in ‘Aeneid’ 9.77–122 and 10.215–59.” Classical Philology 85.2 ( 1990 ): 102 – 19.10.1086/367186CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ffoliott, Sheila. “Women in the Garden of Allegory: Catherine de Médicis and the Locus of Female Rule.” In Villas and Gardens in Early Modern Italy and France, ed., Beneš, Mirka and, Harris, Dianne, 207 – 24. Cambridge, 2001.Google Scholar
Franko, Mark. Dance as Text: Ideologies of Baroque Bodies. Cambridge, 1993.Google Scholar
Franko, Mark. “Writing Dancing, 1573.” In Moving History/Dancing Cultures: A Dance History Reader, ed., Dils, Ann and, Albright, Ann Cooper, 191201. Wesleyan, 2001.Google Scholar
Girot, Jean-Eudes. “Entre poésie et humanisme: Jean Dorat, Poeta et interpres regius à la cour de Henri III.” In Henri III mécène des arts, des sciences et des lettres, ed., Conihout, Isabelle de,, Maillard, Jean-François, and, Poirier, Guy, 134 – 42. Paris, 2006.Google Scholar
Goulart, Simon. Mémoires de l’Estat de France sous Charles IX. 3 vols. Meidelbourg, 1578.Google Scholar
Graham, Victor E ., and, W, McAllister Johnson. The Paris Entries of Charles IX and Elisabeth of Austria 1571. Toronto, 1974.Google Scholar
Graham, Victor E ., and, W, McAllister Johnson. The Royal Tour of France by Charles IX and Catherine de Medici: Festivals and Entries 1564–6. Toronto, 1979.Google Scholar
Graur, Théodosia. Un disciple de Ronsard. Amadis Jamyn 1540 (?)–1593: Sa vie, son œuvre, son temps. Paris, 1929.Google Scholar
Greene, Thomas M. “Labyrinth Dances in the French and English Renaissance.” Renaissance Quarterly 54.4 ( 2001 ): 1403 – 66.10.2307/1262158CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hackenbroch, Yvonne. “Catherine de’ Medici and her Court Jeweller François Dujardin.” Connoisseur 163.9 ( 1966 ): 2833.Google Scholar
Hackenbroch, Yvonne. Renaissance Jewellery. London, 1979.Google Scholar
Handy, Isabelle. Musiciens au temps des derniers Valois: 1547–1589. Paris, 2008.Google Scholar
Haran, Alexandre Y. Le lys et le globe: messianisme dynastique et rêve impérial en France au XVIe et XVII e siècles. Seyssel, 2000.Google Scholar
Holt, Philip. “‘Aeneid’ V: Past and Present.” The Classical Journal 75.2 ( 1979–80 ): 110 – 21.Google Scholar
Hoogvliet, Margaret. “Princely Culture and Catherine de Médicis.” In Princes and Princely Culture 1450–1650, ed., Gosman, Martin,, Macdonald, Alasdair, and, Vanderjagt, Arie, 1 : 103 – 30. Leiden, 2003.Google Scholar
Jacquin, Emmanuel. “Le mécenat royal à Paris: Les Tuileries.” In Paris et Catherine de Médicis, ed., Baudouin-Matuszek, Marie-Noëlle, 87105. Paris, 1989.Google Scholar
Jagiellonki polskie w XVI wieku. Ed. Aleksander, Przeździecki. 5 vols. Cracow, 1868 – 78.Google Scholar
Jamyn, Amadis. Les Œuvres poètiques. Paris, 1575.Google Scholar
Jones, Mark. A Catalogue of the French Medals in the British Museum, AD 1402–1610. London, 1982.Google Scholar
Knecht, Robert J. Catherine de’ Medici. Harlow, 1998.Google Scholar
Knecht, Robert J. The French Renaissance Court. New Haven, 2008.Google Scholar
Kociszewska, Ewa. “Fêtes dla poselstwa polskiego i Henryka Walezego w ogrodach Tuileries. Tapiseria Katarzyny Medycejskiej.” In Urbs celeberrima. Księga pamiątkowa na 750-lecie Krakowa, ed., Grzybkowska, Teresa,, Grzybkowski, Andrzej, and, Żygulski jun, Zdzisław ., 381 – 97. Cracow, 2008.Google Scholar
Kociszewska, Ewa. “The Sun King in the Realm of Eternal Winter: The Unknown Medal of Henri de Valois, King of Poland (1573).” French Studies Bulletin 30.113 ( 2009 ): 7882.10.1093/frebul/ktp031CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kociszewska, Ewa. “Astrology and Empire. A Device for the Valois King of Poland.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 73 ( 2010 ): 221 – 55.Google Scholar
Korolko, Mirosław. Klejnot swobodnego sumienia. Polemika wokół konfederacji warszawskiej w latach 1573–1658. Warsaw, 1974.Google Scholar
Kritzman, Lawrence D. The Rhetoric of Sexuality and the Literature of the French Renaissance. Cambridge, 1991.Google Scholar
La Gessée, Jean de. Les Soupirs de la France, sur le Depart du Roi de Poloigne, contenant plusieurs sonets nouvellement faits à ce propos, en faveur des Princes, et grands Seigneurs de ce Roiaume. Paris, 1573.Google Scholar
Lazzaro, Claudia. “The Visual Language of Gender in Sixteenth-Century Garden Sculpture.” In Refiguring Woman: Perspectives on Gender and the Italian Renaissance, ed., Migiel, Marilyn and, Schiesari, Juliana, 71113. Ithaca, 1991.Google Scholar
Lecoq, Anne-Marie. “‘QVETI ET MVSIS HENRICI II GALL. R.’ Sur la grotte de Meudon.” In Le loisir lettré à l’âge classique, ed., Fumaroli, Marc,, Salazar, Philippe-Joseph, and, Bury, Emmanuel, 93116. Geneva, 1996.Google Scholar
Le Gall, Jean-Marie. “La tolérance polonaise à travers le prisme de l’intolèrence française au XVIe siècle.” Renaissance and Reformation / Renaissance et Réforme 27.3 ( 2003 ): 5384.Google Scholar
le Jeune, Jhérome. Adieu du roi de Pologne, au peuple françois, et aux dames de la Court. Paris, 1573.Google Scholar
Le Roux, Nicolas. Le faveur du roi. Mignons et courtisans au temps des derniers Valois (vers 1547 – vers 1589). Seyssel, 2001.Google Scholar
L’Estoile, Pierre. The Paris of Henry of Navarre. Trans. Nancy Lyman Roelker. Cambridge, MA, 1958.Google Scholar
Lettres de Catherine de Médicis. Ed. de La Ferriére, Hector. 11 vols. Paris, 18801943.Google Scholar
MacKenzie, Louisa. The Poetry of Place: Lyric, Landscape, and Ideology in Renaissance France. Toronto, 2010.10.3138/9781442693814CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mamone, Sara. “Caterina de’ Medici regina di Francia e lo spettacolo tra due patrie.” In Il mecenatismo ( 2008 ), 113 – 34.Google Scholar
Marguerite de Valois, . Mémoires et autres écrits 1574–1614. Ed., Viennot, Eliane. Paris, 1999.Google Scholar
Martin, Meredith. Dairy Queens: The Politics of Pastoral Architecture from Catherine de’ Medici to Marie-Antoinette. Cambridge, MA, 2011.10.2307/j.ctvjsf490CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGowan, Margaret M. L’art du ballet de cour en France (1581–1643). Paris, 1963.Google Scholar
McGowan, Margaret M. “Les images emblématiques du pouvoir royal au temps de Henri III.” In Théorie et pratique politiques à la Renaissance, 301 – 20. Paris, 1977.Google Scholar
McGowan, Margaret M. “Une affaire de famille: les fêtes parisiennes en l’honneur d’Henri, duc d’Anjou, roi de Pologne.” In Arts du spectacle et histoire des idées: recueil offert en hommage à Jean Jacquot, 920. Tours, 1984a.Google Scholar
McGowan, Margaret M. “A Renaissance War Dance: The Pyrrhic.” Dance Research 3.1 ( 1984b ): 2938.10.2307/1290585CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGowan, Margaret M. Ideal Forms in the Age of Ronsard. Berkley, 1985.Google Scholar
McGowan, Margaret M. “The Arts Conjoined: A Context for the Study of Music.” Early Music History 13 ( 1994 ): 171 – 98.10.1017/S0261127900001340CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGowan, Margaret M. Dance in the Renaissance: European Fashion, French Obsession. New Haven, 2008.Google Scholar
Il mecenatismo di Caterina de’ Medici. Poesie, feste, musica, pittura, scultura, architettura. Ed. Frommel, Sabine and, Wolf, Gerhard. Venice, 2008.Google Scholar
Menestrier, Claude-François. Les Ballets anciens et modernes selon les regles du theatre. Paris, 1682.Google Scholar
Miller, Paul Allen. “The Minotaur Within: Fire, the Labyrinth, and Strategies of Containment in Aeneid 5 and 6.” Classical Philology 90.3 ( 1995 ): 225 – 40.10.1086/367466CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Millet, Olivier. “Le bruit et la musique dans le Cinquième Livre.” In Le Cinquiesme Livre, ed., Giacone, Franco, 251 – 64. Geneva, 2001.Google Scholar
Montluc, Jean de. Harangue faicte et prononcee de la part du Roy Tres-Chrestien, le 10 jour du mois d’Avril 1573. Paris, 1573.Google Scholar
Morrison, Mary. “Ronsard and Catullus: The Influence of Teaching of Marc-Antoine Muret.” Bibliothèque d’Humanisme et de Renaissance 18 ( 1956 ): 240 – 74.Google Scholar
Morrison, Mary. “Catullus and the Poetry of Renaissance France.” Bibliothèque d’Humanisme et de Renaissance 25 ( 1963 ): 2556.Google Scholar
Murphy, Stephen. “Catherine, Cybele and Ronsard’s Witnesses.” In High Anxiety: Masculinity in Crisis in Early Modern France, ed., Long, Kathleen P, 5570. Kirksville, 2002.Google Scholar
Nakam, Géralde. “Le mythe de Cybèle ou la terre et l’arbre dans l’œuvre de Ronsard.” In Ronsard et la Grèce 1585–1985, ed., Christodoulou, Kyriaki, 8799. Paris, 1988.Google Scholar
Nappa, Christopher. “Catullus and Vergil.” In A Companion to Catullus, ed., Skinner, Marylin B, 377 – 98. Malden, 2007.10.1002/9780470751565.ch20CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nevile, Jennifer. “Dance and the Garden: Moving and Static Choreography in Renaissance Europe.” Renaissance Quarterly 52.3 ( 1999 ): 805 – 36.10.2307/2901919CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noailles, Emmanuel de. Henri de Valois, roi de Pologne en 1572. 3 vols. Paris, 1867.Google Scholar
Odde, Laurent. “Les coulisses du pouvoir: Châteaux, jardins et fêtes. Quelques aspects du mécénat (transgressif) de Catherine de Médicis.” In Patronnes et mécènes ( 2007 ), 481509.Google Scholar
Ordine, Nuccio. Giordano Bruno, Ronsard et la religion. Trans. Luc Hersant. Paris, 2004.Google Scholar
Palissy, Bernard. Recette véritable (1563). Ed., Lestrignant, Frank and, Barataud, Christian. Paris, 1996.Google Scholar
Patronnes et mécènes en France à la Renaissance. Ed. Wilson-Chevalier, Kathleen ., Saint-Étienne, , 2007.Google Scholar
Pietrzak-Thébault, Joanna. “Les Ballet des Polonais à la cour de Paris. Divertissement ou avertissement.” In La France et la Pologne. Histoire, mythes, représentations. Actes du colloque des 16–18 septembre 1998 à l’Université Lumière-Lyon 2, ed. Françoise Lavocat, 127 – 36. Lyon, 2002.Google Scholar
Poirier, Guy. Henri III de France en mascarades imaginaires. Mœurs, humeurs et comportements d’un roi de la Renaissance. Quebec, 2010.Google Scholar
P[ublius] Vergilius Maro et in eum commentationes et paralipomena Germani Valentis Guellii, PP. Ejusdem Virgilii Appendix, cum Josephi Scaligeri commentariis et castigationibus. Antwerp, 1575.Google Scholar
Rabelais, François. Five books of the Lives, Heroic Deeds and Saying of Gargantua and His Son Pantagruel. Trans. Sir Thomas Urquhart of Cromarty. London, 1904.Google Scholar
Rabelais, François. Le Cinquième Livre. Ed., Demerson, Guy. Paris, 1997.Google Scholar
Registres des délibérations du Bureau de la Ville de Paris. Eds. Bonnardot, François et al. 15 vols. Paris, 18831921.Google Scholar
Ronsard, Pierre de. Œuvres complètes. Ed., Céard, Jean,, Ménager, Daniel, and, Simonin, Michel. 2 vols. Paris, 1994.Google Scholar
Rosset, François. L’arbre de Cracovie. Le mythe polonais dans la littérature française. Paris, 1996.Google Scholar
Rüegger de Rüschlikon, Emmanuèle. Le spectacle total à la Renaissance: genèse et premier apogée du ballet de cour. Zurich, 1995.Google Scholar
Russell, W. M. S ., and, Claire, Russell. “English Turf Mazes, Troy, and the Labyrinth.” Folklore 102.1 ( 1991 ): 7788.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sainct-Didier, Henry de. Traicté contenant les secrets du premier livre sur l’espee seule, mere de toutes armes. Paris, 1573.Google Scholar
Sandberg, Brian. “Iconography of Religious Violence: Catherine de Médicis’s Art Patronage during the French Wars of Religion.” In Il mecenatismo ( 2008 ), 91112.Google Scholar
Sandberger, Adolf. “Roland Lassus’ Beziehungen zu Frankreich und zur französischen Literatur.” Sammelbände der Internationalen Musikgesellschaft 8.3 ( 1903 ): 355401.Google Scholar
Sawicka, Stanisława. “Festyn dla posłów polskich w ogrodach Tuileries w 1573 roku. Rysunek Antoine Carona.” In Sarmatia artistica. Księga pamiątkowa ku czci Profesora Władysława Tomkiewicza, ed., Białostocki, Jan, 1735. Warsaw, 1968.Google Scholar
Scott, Virginia, and, Sara, Sturm-Maddox. Performance, Poetry and Politics on the Queen’s Day: Catherine de Médicis and Pierre de Ronsard at Fontainebleau. Aldershot, 2007.Google Scholar
Serwański, Maciej. Henryk III Walezy w Polsce. Cracow, 1976.Google Scholar
Smither, James R. “The St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre and Images of Kingship in France 1572–1574.” Sixteenth Century Journal 22.1 ( 1991 ): 2746.10.2307/2542014CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strong, Roy. Art and Power: Renaissance Festivals 1450–1650. Woodbridge, 1984.Google Scholar
Tanner, Marie. The Last Descendant of Aeneas: The Hapsburgs and the Mythic Image of the Emperor. New Haven, 1993.Google Scholar
Tazbir, Janusz. State without Stakes: Polish Religious Toleration in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Trans. J. A. Jordan. New York, 1973.Google Scholar
Theodorakopoulos, Elena. “Catullus 64: Footsteps in the Labyrinth.” In Intratextuality: Greek and Roman Textual Relations, ed., Sharrock, Alison and, Morales, Helen, 115 – 41. Oxford, 2000.Google Scholar
Van Orden, Kate. “Female ‘Complaintes’: Laments of Venus, Queens, and City Women in Late Sixteenth-Century France.” Renaissance Quarterly 54.3 ( 2001a ): 801 – 45.10.2307/1261925CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Orden, Kate. “La Chanson vulgaire and Ronsard’s Poetry for Music.” In Poetry and Music in the French Renaissance, ed., Brooks, Jeanice,, Ford, Philip, and, Jondorf, Gillian, 79109. Cambridge, 2001b.Google Scholar
Van Orden, Kate. Music, Discipline and Arms in Early Modern France. Chicago, 2005.Google Scholar
Virgil, . Eclogues, Georgics, Aeneid I–VI, Aeneid VII–XII, The Minor Poems. Trans. H. Rushton Fairclough. Rev. ed.,, Goold, G P. 2 vols. Cambridge, MA, 1986.Google Scholar
Vuilleumier-Laurens, Florence, and, Pierre, Laurens. “Le Bal des Polonais (1573): Anatomie d’une description.” In Jean Dorat: poète humaniste de la Renaissance, ed., Bouron, Christine de and, Girot, Jean-Eudes, 131 – 60. Geneva, 2007.Google Scholar
Weinberg, Florence. “Chess as a Literary Idea in Colonna’s ‘Hypnerotomachia’ and in Rabelais’s ‘Cinquiesme Livre.’” Romanic Review 70.4 ( 1979 ): 321 – 56.Google Scholar
Whiteley, Jon. Ashmolean Museum Oxford. Catalogue of the Collection of Drawings. French Ornamental Drawings of the Sixteenth Century. Oxford, 1996.Google Scholar
Wiesmann, Marc-André. “Intertextual Labyrinths: Ariadne’s Lament in Montaigne’s ‘Sur des vers de Virgile.’” Renaissance Quarterly 53.3 ( 2000 ): 792820.10.2307/2901498CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wintroub, Michael. “Words, Deeds, and a Womanly King.” French Historical Studies 28.3 ( 2005 ): 387413.10.1215/00161071-28-3-387CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, Craig. The Maze and the Warrior: Symbols in Architecture, Theology and Music. Cambridge, MA, 2001.Google Scholar
Yates, Frances A. The French Academies of the Sixteenth Century. London, 1949.Google Scholar
Yates, Frances A. “Antoine Caron’s Paintings for Triumphal Arches.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 14.1–2 ( 1951 ): 132 – 34.10.2307/750359CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yates, Frances A. “Poètes et artistes dans les entrées de Charles IX et de sa reine à Paris en 1571.” In Les fêtes de la Renaissance, ed., Jacqout, Jean, 6184. Paris, 1956.Google Scholar
Yates, Frances A. The Valois Tapestries. London, 1959.Google Scholar
Yates, Frances A. “Political Ideas in 16th-Century Pageantry.” Anglo-American History Conference, 1962. London, Warburg Institute Archive, Yates, 25. Lectures B. III 1950s–’60s.Google Scholar
Yates, Frances A. Astraea: The Imperial Theme in the Sixteenth Century. London, 1975.Google Scholar
Zamoyski, Jan. L’Oraison du seigneur Jean de Zamoscie, gouverneur de Belzs et de Zamech, l’un des ambassadeurs envoyez en France par les Estats du royaume de Poloigne er du grand duché de Lithuanie, au sérénisimme Roy éleu de Poloigne, Henry, fils et frère des roys de France, duc d’Anjou, etc. Sur la déclaration de son élection et pourquoy il a esté préféré aux autres competiteurs. Paris, 1573.Google Scholar
Żelewski, Roman. “Górka Andrzej (ok. 1534–1583).” Polski Słownik Biograficzny 8 ( 1960 ): 405 – 07.Google Scholar
Zorach, Rebecca. Blood, Milk, Ink, Gold: Abundance and Excess in the French Renaissance. Chicago, 2005.Google Scholar