Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T06:19:18.247Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Did Alexander the Great Discover America? Debating Space and Time in Renaissance Istanbul

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2019

Giancarlo Casale
Giancarlo Casale*
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota / European University Institute
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Following the first European voyages of exploration to the New World, several Ottoman authors debated whether Alexander the Great may have already known of the American continent in classical antiquity. By exploring the contours of this previously unstudied intra-Ottoman debate, the present article challenges the prevailing scholarly view that sixteenth-century Ottoman writings about the Americas were at best frivolous and at worst incoherent. Instead, these texts engaged with many of the same questions provoked by the discoveries in contemporary Europe, while at the same time intersecting with the most profound and contested concerns of Ottoman statecraft.

Type
Articles
Information
Renaissance Quarterly , Volume 72 , Issue 3 , Fall 2019 , pp. 863 - 909
Copyright
Copyright © Renaissance Society of America 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Research for this article was supported by a fellowship from Villa I Tatti, The Harvard University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies. Previous versions were presented at the Collège de France, in Paris; the Central European University's Center for Eastern Mediterranean Studies, in Budapest; the Kunsthistorisches Institut, in Florence; and the Seminar for Medieval and Early Modern Art History at Concordia University, in Montreal.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Beyazit Devlet Kütüphanesi, Istanbul, MS 4696. İḳlīm-i Cedīd, 1583.Google Scholar
Newberry Library (NL), Chicago, Ayers 612. Tārīḫ-i Yeñi Dünyā müsemmā bi’ Ḥadīs̲-i Nev, ca. 1600.Google Scholar
Süleymaniye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi (SK), Istanbul, Nurosmaniye 2514. Seydi Ali Reis, Kitāb al-Muḥīṭ fī ʿilmi'l-eflāk ve'l-ebḥūr, n.d.Google Scholar
SK, Reşid Efendi 644. Sipāhizāde Mehmed, Evżaḥ al-Mesālik ilā Maʿrifet al-Buldān ve'l-Memālik, 1572.Google Scholar
Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Kütüphanesi (TSMK), Istanbul, H.644. Ali Macar Reis, Ali Macar Reis Atlas, 1567.Google Scholar
TSMK, A.3599. ʿArifi (et. al.), Tomar-ı Hümāyūn, ca. 1555.Google Scholar
TSMK, R.1633. Piri Reis, Dünya Haritası, 1513.Google Scholar
TSMK, H.1351. Seyyid Lokman, Zübdetü’t-tevārīḫ [cataloged as Silselenāme], 1583.Google Scholar
Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD, W.660. Anonymous Maritime Atlas, n.d.Google Scholar
Ágoston, Gábor. “Information, Ideology, and the Limits of Imperial Policy: Ottoman Grand Strategy in the Context of the Ottoman-Habsburg Rivalry.” In The Early Modern Ottomans: Remapping the Empire, ed. Aksan, Virginia and Goffman, Daniel, 75–103. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Ahmedi, Ibrahim b. Khidr. History of the Kings of the Ottoman Lineage and Their Holy Raids against the Infidels. Ed. Silay, Kemal. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Department of New Eastern Languages and Civilizations, 2004.Google Scholar
Arbel, Benjamin. “Maps of the World for Ottoman Princes? Further Evidence and Questions Concerning the Mappamondo of Hajji Ahmed.” Imago Mundi 54 (2002): 19–28.10.1080/03085690208592956Google Scholar
Aşık, Mehmed. Menāẓirü’l-ʿAvālim. Ed. Ak, Mahmut. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2007.Google Scholar
Atçıl, Abdurrahman. Scholars and Sultans in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Berardi, Luca. “The New World in the Kitab al-Muḥīṭ of Seydi ʿAlī Re’īs (1554).” Eurasian Studies 10 (2012): 81–95.Google Scholar
Berggren, J. L., and Jones, Alexander, eds. and trans. Ptolemy's “Geography”: An Annotated Translation of the Theoretical Chapters. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Büke, Himmet. “Seydī Ali Reis-Kitabü’l-Muhīt.” MA thesis, Pamukkale University, 2010.Google Scholar
Burak, Guy. The Second Formation of Islamic Law: The Hanafi School in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Campopiano, Michele. “Les multiples portraits du roi Alexandre en Italie.” In La fascination pour Alexandre le Grand dans les littératures européennes (Xe–XVIe siècles), Réinventions d'un mythe, ed. Gaullier-Bougassas, Catherine, 3:914–41. Turnhout: Brepols, 2014.Google Scholar
Casale, Giancarlo. “His Majesty's Servant Lutfi: The Career of a Previously Unknown Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Envoy to Sumatra Based on an Account of His Travels from the Topkapı Palace Archives.” Turcica 37 (2005): 43–81.Google Scholar
Casale, Giancarlo. The Ottoman Age of Exploration. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Casale, Giancarlo. “From Hungary to Southeast Asia: The Ali Macar Reis Atlas in Global Perspective.” Journal of Ottoman Studies 39.1 (2012): 55–62.Google Scholar
Casale, Giancarlo. “Vespucci and the Ottomans: New Worlds for All?” In Shores of Vespucci, ed. Cattaneo, Angelo, 193–203. Bern: Peter Lang, 2018.Google Scholar
Casale, Sinem A. “Iconography of the Gift: Diplomacy and Imperial Self-Fashioning at the Ottoman Court.” Art Bulletin 100.1 (2018): 97–123.Google Scholar
Casari, Mario. “The King Explorer: A Cosmographic Approach to the Persian Alexander.” In The Alexander Romance in Persia and the East, ed. Stoneman, Richard, Erickson, Kyle, and Netton, Ian Richard, 175–203. Groningen: Barkhuis, 2012.Google Scholar
Cheneb, Moh. Ben. “Ibn al-Wardī.” In Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, ed. Bearman, P., Bianquis, Th., Bosworth, C. E., van Donzel, E., and Heinrichs, W. P.. Leiden, 2012. doi: http://dx.doi.org.ezp3.lib.umn.edu/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3407.Google Scholar
Cornwall, Owen. “Alexander and the Persian Cosmopolis, 1000–1500.” PhD diss., Columbia University, 2016.Google Scholar
Couto, Dejanirah. “Autour du Globe: La carte Hazine n°1825 de la bibliothèque du Palais de Topkapı, Istanbul.” Revue du Comité français de Cartographie, Cartes é Géomatique: Cartes marines d'une technique à une culture 216 (2013): 119–34.Google Scholar
Dalché, Gautier. “The Reception of Ptolemy's Geography (End of the Fourteenth to Beginning of the Sixteenth Century).” In The History of Cartography, Vol. 3: Cartography in the European Renaissance, ed. Woodward, David, 285–364. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Davies, Surekha. Renaissance Ethnography and the Invention of the Human: New Worlds, Maps and Monsters. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Eaton, Richard, and Wagoner, Phillip. Power, Memory and Architecture: Contested Sites on India's Deccan Plateau, 1300–1600. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Ebu'l-Fida, Ismāʿil ibn ʿAli. At-tevārīḫ al-ḳadīma min muḫtaṣṣar fī aḫbār al-başar/Abulfedae Historia Anteislamica. Ed. Fleischer, Henricus Orthobius. Libsiae: Vogel, 1831.Google Scholar
Emiralioğlu, Mevhibe Pinar. “Cognizance of the Ottoman World: Visual and Textual Representations in the Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Empire (1514–1596).” PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2006.Google Scholar
Emiralioğlu, Mevhibe Pinar. Geographical Knowledge and Imperial Culture in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire. Farnham: Ashgate, 2016.Google Scholar
Erickson, Kyle, Stoneman, Richard, and Netton, Ian, eds. The Alexander Romance in Persia and the East. Groningen: Barkhuis, 2012.Google Scholar
Eryılmaz, Fatma Sinem. “The Şehnamecis of Sultan Süleyman: ‘Arifi and Eflatun and Their Dynastic Project.” PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2010.Google Scholar
Fetvacı, Emine. Picturing History at the Ottoman Court. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Finlay, Robert. “Prophecy and Politics in Istanbul: Charles V, Sultan Suleyman, and the Habsburg Embassy of 1533–1534.” Journal of Early Modern History 2.1 (1998): 1–31.Google Scholar
Fleischer, Cornell. Bureaucrat and Intellectual in the Ottoman Empire: The Historian Mustafa Ali, 1541–1600. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Gaullier-Bougassas, Catherine. La fascination pour Alexandre le Grand dans les littératures européennes (Xe–XVIe siècles), Réinventions d'un mythe. 4 vols. Turnhout: Brepols, 2014.Google Scholar
Goodrich, Thomas. “Atlas-ı Hümāyūn: A Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Maritime Atlas Discovered in 1984.” Archivium Ottomanicum 10 (1985): 84–101.Google Scholar
Goodrich, Thomas. “The Earliest Ottoman Maritime Atlas: The Walters Deniz Atlası.” Archivum Ottomanicum 11 (1986): 25–50.Google Scholar
Goodrich, Thomas. The Ottoman Turks and the New World: A Study of Tarih-i Hind-i Garbi and Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Americana. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1990.Google Scholar
Grafton, Anthony. New Worlds, Ancient Texts: The Power of Tradition and the Shock of Discovery. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Hagen, Gottfried. “Kâtib Çelebi and Târîh-i Hind-i Garbî.” Güney-doğu Avrupa Araştırmaları 12 (1982–98): 101–15.Google Scholar
Hagen, Gottfried. “Katip Çelebi and Sipāhīzāde.” In Essays in Honour of Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu: Societies, Cultures, Sciences: A Collection of Articles, ed. Kaçar, Mustafa and Durukal, Zeynep, 525–42. Istanbul: IRCICA Yayınları, 2006.Google Scholar
Hagen, Gottfried. “Atlas and Papamonta as Sources of Knowledge and Power.” In Evliya Çelebi, Seyahatnamesi'nin Yazılı Kaynakları, ed. Aynur, Hatice and Karateke, Hakan, 104–29. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2012.Google Scholar
Qi, Han. “Using Knowledge as Power: A New Interpretation of the Birth of the Kangxi Emperor's ‘Imperially Composed Treatise on the Derivation of Triangles’ and His Theory of the Chinese Origin of Western Learning.” Studies in the History of Natural Sciences 35.1 (2016): 1–9 (from English-language abstract of original text in Chinese).Google Scholar
Hasse, Dag Nikolaus. Success and Suppression: Arabic Sciences and Philosophy in the Renaissance. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Horodowich, Elizabeth. The Venetian Discovery of America: Geographic Imagination in the Age of Encounters. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.Google Scholar
Ibn al-Wardī, Sirāj al-Dīn. Ḫaridatu'l-ʿÂjā’ib wa Farīdatu'l-Ġarā’ib. Cairo: Mustafa al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī wa-Awlādih, 1939/H.1358.Google Scholar
İhsanoğlu, Ekmeleddin. Osmanlı Coğrafya Literatürü Tarihi. Istanbul: IRCICA, 2000.Google Scholar
Imber, Colin. Ebu'S-Su‛ud: The Islamic Legal Tradition. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Kastritsis, Dimitri. “The Trebizond Alexander Romance: The Ottoman Fate of a Fourteenth-Century Illustrated Byzantine Manuscript.” Journal of Turkish Studies 36 (2011): 103–31.Google Scholar
Çelebi, Katip. Kitāb-ı Cihān-nümā li'Kātip Çelebi. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2009.Google Scholar
Koraev, Timur K. “Un Géographe Arabe Stambouliote: À la recherche du contexte intellectuel de l’Awdah al-Masālik ilā Maʿrifat al-Buldān wa-l-Mamālik de Sipāhī-zāde.” Turcica 46 (2015): 113–52.Google Scholar
Kuru, Selim. “The Literature of Rūm.” In The Cambridge History of Turkey, ed. Fleet, Kate and Faroqhi, Suraiya, 548–92. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Lewis, Bernard. The Muslim Discovery of Europe. New York: W. W. Norton, 1982.Google Scholar
McIntosh, Gregory. The Piri Reis Map of 1513. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Necipoğlu, Gülru. “Süleyman the Magnificent and the Representation of Power in the Context of Ottoman-Hapsburg-Papal Rivalry.” Art Bulletin 71.3 (1989): 401–27.Google Scholar
Necipoğlu, Gülru. “A Kanun for the State, a Canon for the Arts: Conceptualizing the Classical Synthesis of Ottoman Art and Architecture.” In Soliman le Magnifique et son Temps, ed. Veinstein, Gilles, 195–216. Paris: La Documentation Française, 1992.Google Scholar
Pinto, Karen. “Searchin’ His Eyes, Lookin’ for Traces: Piri Reis’ World Map of 1513 and Its Islamic Iconographic Connections (A Reading through Bağdat 334 and Proust).” Journal of Ottoman Studies 39.1 (2012): 63–94.Google Scholar
Pinto, Karen. Medieval Islamic Maps: An Exploration. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016.10.7208/chicago/9780226127019.001.0001Google Scholar
Reis, Piri. Kitab-ı Bahriye. 3 vols. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1988.Google Scholar
Portuondo, María. Secret Science: Spanish Cosmography and the New World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Ramachandran, Ayesha. The Worldmakers: Global Imagining in Early Modern Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Roberts, Sean. Printing a Mediterranean World: Florence, Constantinople, and the Renaissance of Geography. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Rubin, Uri. “Abraha.” In Encyclopaedia of Islam THREE, ed. Feel, Kate, Krämer, Gudrun, Nawas, John, and Rowson, Everett. Leiden: Brill, 2009. doi: http://dx.doi.org.ezp3.lib.umn.edu/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_22605.Google Scholar
Ali Reis, Seydi. Mir’ātü’l-Memālik: Inceleme, Metin, İndeks. Ed. Kiremit, Mehmet. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1999.Google Scholar
Sipahizade, Meḥmed b. ʿAlī al-Brusewī. Awżaḥ al-Masālik ilā Ma'rifat al-Buldān wa'l-Mamālik. Ed. ʿId al-Rawahiyya, al-Mahdi. Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami, 2006.Google Scholar
Soucek, Svat. “Piri Reis and the Ottoman Discovery of the Great Discoveries.” Studia Islamica 79 (1994): 121–42.Google Scholar
Soucek, Svat. Piri Reis and Turkish Mapmaking after Columbus: The Khalili Portolan Atlas. London: Azimuth, 1996.Google Scholar
Stoneman, Richard. Alexander: A Life in Legend. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Tezcan, Baki. “The Politics of Early Modern Ottoman Historiography. In The Early Modern Ottomans, ed. Aksan, Virgina H. and Goffman, Daniel, 167–98. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Tezcan, Baki. “The Multiple Faces of the One: The Invocation Section of Ottoman Literary Introductions as a Locus for the Central Argument of the Text.” Middle Eastern Literatures 12.1 (2009): 27–41.Google Scholar
Tezcan, Baki. The Second Empire: Political and Social Transformation in the Early Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010a.Google Scholar
Tezcan, Baki. “Some Thoughts on the Politics of Early Modern Ottoman Science.” Osmanlı Araştırmaları: Journal of Ottoman Studies 36 (2010b): 135–56.Google Scholar
Tezcan, Baki. “The Many Lives of the First Non-Western History of the Americas: From the New Report to the History of the West Indies.” Journal of Ottoman Studies 40 (2012): 1–38.Google Scholar
Tezcan, Baki. “Law in China or Conquest in the Americas: Competing Constructions of Political Space in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire.” Journal of World History 24.1 (2013): 107–34.Google Scholar
van Donzel, Emeri, and Schmidt, Andrea. Gog and Magog in Early Christian and Islamic Sources. Leiden: Brill, 2010.Google Scholar
van Gelder, Geert Jan. “Ancients and Moderns.” In Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, ed. Fleet, Kate, Krämer, Gudrun, Matringe, Denis, Nawas, John, and Rowson, Everett. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_SIM_0040.Google Scholar
Yılmaz, Hüseyin. Caliphate Redefined: The Mystical Turn in Ottoman Political Thought. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2018.Google Scholar
Beyazit Devlet Kütüphanesi, Istanbul, MS 4696. İḳlīm-i Cedīd, 1583.Google Scholar
Newberry Library (NL), Chicago, Ayers 612. Tārīḫ-i Yeñi Dünyā müsemmā bi’ Ḥadīs̲-i Nev, ca. 1600.Google Scholar
Süleymaniye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi (SK), Istanbul, Nurosmaniye 2514. Seydi Ali Reis, Kitāb al-Muḥīṭ fī ʿilmi'l-eflāk ve'l-ebḥūr, n.d.Google Scholar
SK, Reşid Efendi 644. Sipāhizāde Mehmed, Evżaḥ al-Mesālik ilā Maʿrifet al-Buldān ve'l-Memālik, 1572.Google Scholar
Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi Kütüphanesi (TSMK), Istanbul, H.644. Ali Macar Reis, Ali Macar Reis Atlas, 1567.Google Scholar
TSMK, A.3599. ʿArifi (et. al.), Tomar-ı Hümāyūn, ca. 1555.Google Scholar
TSMK, R.1633. Piri Reis, Dünya Haritası, 1513.Google Scholar
TSMK, H.1351. Seyyid Lokman, Zübdetü’t-tevārīḫ [cataloged as Silselenāme], 1583.Google Scholar
Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD, W.660. Anonymous Maritime Atlas, n.d.Google Scholar
Ágoston, Gábor. “Information, Ideology, and the Limits of Imperial Policy: Ottoman Grand Strategy in the Context of the Ottoman-Habsburg Rivalry.” In The Early Modern Ottomans: Remapping the Empire, ed. Aksan, Virginia and Goffman, Daniel, 75–103. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Ahmedi, Ibrahim b. Khidr. History of the Kings of the Ottoman Lineage and Their Holy Raids against the Infidels. Ed. Silay, Kemal. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Department of New Eastern Languages and Civilizations, 2004.Google Scholar
Arbel, Benjamin. “Maps of the World for Ottoman Princes? Further Evidence and Questions Concerning the Mappamondo of Hajji Ahmed.” Imago Mundi 54 (2002): 19–28.10.1080/03085690208592956Google Scholar
Aşık, Mehmed. Menāẓirü’l-ʿAvālim. Ed. Ak, Mahmut. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2007.Google Scholar
Atçıl, Abdurrahman. Scholars and Sultans in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Berardi, Luca. “The New World in the Kitab al-Muḥīṭ of Seydi ʿAlī Re’īs (1554).” Eurasian Studies 10 (2012): 81–95.Google Scholar
Berggren, J. L., and Jones, Alexander, eds. and trans. Ptolemy's “Geography”: An Annotated Translation of the Theoretical Chapters. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Büke, Himmet. “Seydī Ali Reis-Kitabü’l-Muhīt.” MA thesis, Pamukkale University, 2010.Google Scholar
Burak, Guy. The Second Formation of Islamic Law: The Hanafi School in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Campopiano, Michele. “Les multiples portraits du roi Alexandre en Italie.” In La fascination pour Alexandre le Grand dans les littératures européennes (Xe–XVIe siècles), Réinventions d'un mythe, ed. Gaullier-Bougassas, Catherine, 3:914–41. Turnhout: Brepols, 2014.Google Scholar
Casale, Giancarlo. “His Majesty's Servant Lutfi: The Career of a Previously Unknown Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Envoy to Sumatra Based on an Account of His Travels from the Topkapı Palace Archives.” Turcica 37 (2005): 43–81.Google Scholar
Casale, Giancarlo. The Ottoman Age of Exploration. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.Google Scholar
Casale, Giancarlo. “From Hungary to Southeast Asia: The Ali Macar Reis Atlas in Global Perspective.” Journal of Ottoman Studies 39.1 (2012): 55–62.Google Scholar
Casale, Giancarlo. “Vespucci and the Ottomans: New Worlds for All?” In Shores of Vespucci, ed. Cattaneo, Angelo, 193–203. Bern: Peter Lang, 2018.Google Scholar
Casale, Sinem A. “Iconography of the Gift: Diplomacy and Imperial Self-Fashioning at the Ottoman Court.” Art Bulletin 100.1 (2018): 97–123.Google Scholar
Casari, Mario. “The King Explorer: A Cosmographic Approach to the Persian Alexander.” In The Alexander Romance in Persia and the East, ed. Stoneman, Richard, Erickson, Kyle, and Netton, Ian Richard, 175–203. Groningen: Barkhuis, 2012.Google Scholar
Cheneb, Moh. Ben. “Ibn al-Wardī.” In Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, ed. Bearman, P., Bianquis, Th., Bosworth, C. E., van Donzel, E., and Heinrichs, W. P.. Leiden, 2012. doi: http://dx.doi.org.ezp3.lib.umn.edu/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3407.Google Scholar
Cornwall, Owen. “Alexander and the Persian Cosmopolis, 1000–1500.” PhD diss., Columbia University, 2016.Google Scholar
Couto, Dejanirah. “Autour du Globe: La carte Hazine n°1825 de la bibliothèque du Palais de Topkapı, Istanbul.” Revue du Comité français de Cartographie, Cartes é Géomatique: Cartes marines d'une technique à une culture 216 (2013): 119–34.Google Scholar
Dalché, Gautier. “The Reception of Ptolemy's Geography (End of the Fourteenth to Beginning of the Sixteenth Century).” In The History of Cartography, Vol. 3: Cartography in the European Renaissance, ed. Woodward, David, 285–364. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Davies, Surekha. Renaissance Ethnography and the Invention of the Human: New Worlds, Maps and Monsters. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Eaton, Richard, and Wagoner, Phillip. Power, Memory and Architecture: Contested Sites on India's Deccan Plateau, 1300–1600. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Ebu'l-Fida, Ismāʿil ibn ʿAli. At-tevārīḫ al-ḳadīma min muḫtaṣṣar fī aḫbār al-başar/Abulfedae Historia Anteislamica. Ed. Fleischer, Henricus Orthobius. Libsiae: Vogel, 1831.Google Scholar
Emiralioğlu, Mevhibe Pinar. “Cognizance of the Ottoman World: Visual and Textual Representations in the Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Empire (1514–1596).” PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2006.Google Scholar
Emiralioğlu, Mevhibe Pinar. Geographical Knowledge and Imperial Culture in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire. Farnham: Ashgate, 2016.Google Scholar
Erickson, Kyle, Stoneman, Richard, and Netton, Ian, eds. The Alexander Romance in Persia and the East. Groningen: Barkhuis, 2012.Google Scholar
Eryılmaz, Fatma Sinem. “The Şehnamecis of Sultan Süleyman: ‘Arifi and Eflatun and Their Dynastic Project.” PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2010.Google Scholar
Fetvacı, Emine. Picturing History at the Ottoman Court. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Finlay, Robert. “Prophecy and Politics in Istanbul: Charles V, Sultan Suleyman, and the Habsburg Embassy of 1533–1534.” Journal of Early Modern History 2.1 (1998): 1–31.Google Scholar
Fleischer, Cornell. Bureaucrat and Intellectual in the Ottoman Empire: The Historian Mustafa Ali, 1541–1600. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Gaullier-Bougassas, Catherine. La fascination pour Alexandre le Grand dans les littératures européennes (Xe–XVIe siècles), Réinventions d'un mythe. 4 vols. Turnhout: Brepols, 2014.Google Scholar
Goodrich, Thomas. “Atlas-ı Hümāyūn: A Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Maritime Atlas Discovered in 1984.” Archivium Ottomanicum 10 (1985): 84–101.Google Scholar
Goodrich, Thomas. “The Earliest Ottoman Maritime Atlas: The Walters Deniz Atlası.” Archivum Ottomanicum 11 (1986): 25–50.Google Scholar
Goodrich, Thomas. The Ottoman Turks and the New World: A Study of Tarih-i Hind-i Garbi and Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Americana. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1990.Google Scholar
Grafton, Anthony. New Worlds, Ancient Texts: The Power of Tradition and the Shock of Discovery. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995.Google Scholar
Hagen, Gottfried. “Kâtib Çelebi and Târîh-i Hind-i Garbî.” Güney-doğu Avrupa Araştırmaları 12 (1982–98): 101–15.Google Scholar
Hagen, Gottfried. “Katip Çelebi and Sipāhīzāde.” In Essays in Honour of Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu: Societies, Cultures, Sciences: A Collection of Articles, ed. Kaçar, Mustafa and Durukal, Zeynep, 525–42. Istanbul: IRCICA Yayınları, 2006.Google Scholar
Hagen, Gottfried. “Atlas and Papamonta as Sources of Knowledge and Power.” In Evliya Çelebi, Seyahatnamesi'nin Yazılı Kaynakları, ed. Aynur, Hatice and Karateke, Hakan, 104–29. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2012.Google Scholar
Qi, Han. “Using Knowledge as Power: A New Interpretation of the Birth of the Kangxi Emperor's ‘Imperially Composed Treatise on the Derivation of Triangles’ and His Theory of the Chinese Origin of Western Learning.” Studies in the History of Natural Sciences 35.1 (2016): 1–9 (from English-language abstract of original text in Chinese).Google Scholar
Hasse, Dag Nikolaus. Success and Suppression: Arabic Sciences and Philosophy in the Renaissance. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Horodowich, Elizabeth. The Venetian Discovery of America: Geographic Imagination in the Age of Encounters. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.Google Scholar
Ibn al-Wardī, Sirāj al-Dīn. Ḫaridatu'l-ʿÂjā’ib wa Farīdatu'l-Ġarā’ib. Cairo: Mustafa al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī wa-Awlādih, 1939/H.1358.Google Scholar
İhsanoğlu, Ekmeleddin. Osmanlı Coğrafya Literatürü Tarihi. Istanbul: IRCICA, 2000.Google Scholar
Imber, Colin. Ebu'S-Su‛ud: The Islamic Legal Tradition. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Kastritsis, Dimitri. “The Trebizond Alexander Romance: The Ottoman Fate of a Fourteenth-Century Illustrated Byzantine Manuscript.” Journal of Turkish Studies 36 (2011): 103–31.Google Scholar
Çelebi, Katip. Kitāb-ı Cihān-nümā li'Kātip Çelebi. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2009.Google Scholar
Koraev, Timur K. “Un Géographe Arabe Stambouliote: À la recherche du contexte intellectuel de l’Awdah al-Masālik ilā Maʿrifat al-Buldān wa-l-Mamālik de Sipāhī-zāde.” Turcica 46 (2015): 113–52.Google Scholar
Kuru, Selim. “The Literature of Rūm.” In The Cambridge History of Turkey, ed. Fleet, Kate and Faroqhi, Suraiya, 548–92. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Lewis, Bernard. The Muslim Discovery of Europe. New York: W. W. Norton, 1982.Google Scholar
McIntosh, Gregory. The Piri Reis Map of 1513. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Necipoğlu, Gülru. “Süleyman the Magnificent and the Representation of Power in the Context of Ottoman-Hapsburg-Papal Rivalry.” Art Bulletin 71.3 (1989): 401–27.Google Scholar
Necipoğlu, Gülru. “A Kanun for the State, a Canon for the Arts: Conceptualizing the Classical Synthesis of Ottoman Art and Architecture.” In Soliman le Magnifique et son Temps, ed. Veinstein, Gilles, 195–216. Paris: La Documentation Française, 1992.Google Scholar
Pinto, Karen. “Searchin’ His Eyes, Lookin’ for Traces: Piri Reis’ World Map of 1513 and Its Islamic Iconographic Connections (A Reading through Bağdat 334 and Proust).” Journal of Ottoman Studies 39.1 (2012): 63–94.Google Scholar
Pinto, Karen. Medieval Islamic Maps: An Exploration. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016.10.7208/chicago/9780226127019.001.0001Google Scholar
Reis, Piri. Kitab-ı Bahriye. 3 vols. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1988.Google Scholar
Portuondo, María. Secret Science: Spanish Cosmography and the New World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Ramachandran, Ayesha. The Worldmakers: Global Imagining in Early Modern Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015.Google Scholar
Roberts, Sean. Printing a Mediterranean World: Florence, Constantinople, and the Renaissance of Geography. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Rubin, Uri. “Abraha.” In Encyclopaedia of Islam THREE, ed. Feel, Kate, Krämer, Gudrun, Nawas, John, and Rowson, Everett. Leiden: Brill, 2009. doi: http://dx.doi.org.ezp3.lib.umn.edu/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_22605.Google Scholar
Ali Reis, Seydi. Mir’ātü’l-Memālik: Inceleme, Metin, İndeks. Ed. Kiremit, Mehmet. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1999.Google Scholar
Sipahizade, Meḥmed b. ʿAlī al-Brusewī. Awżaḥ al-Masālik ilā Ma'rifat al-Buldān wa'l-Mamālik. Ed. ʿId al-Rawahiyya, al-Mahdi. Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami, 2006.Google Scholar
Soucek, Svat. “Piri Reis and the Ottoman Discovery of the Great Discoveries.” Studia Islamica 79 (1994): 121–42.Google Scholar
Soucek, Svat. Piri Reis and Turkish Mapmaking after Columbus: The Khalili Portolan Atlas. London: Azimuth, 1996.Google Scholar
Stoneman, Richard. Alexander: A Life in Legend. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Tezcan, Baki. “The Politics of Early Modern Ottoman Historiography. In The Early Modern Ottomans, ed. Aksan, Virgina H. and Goffman, Daniel, 167–98. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Tezcan, Baki. “The Multiple Faces of the One: The Invocation Section of Ottoman Literary Introductions as a Locus for the Central Argument of the Text.” Middle Eastern Literatures 12.1 (2009): 27–41.Google Scholar
Tezcan, Baki. The Second Empire: Political and Social Transformation in the Early Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010a.Google Scholar
Tezcan, Baki. “Some Thoughts on the Politics of Early Modern Ottoman Science.” Osmanlı Araştırmaları: Journal of Ottoman Studies 36 (2010b): 135–56.Google Scholar
Tezcan, Baki. “The Many Lives of the First Non-Western History of the Americas: From the New Report to the History of the West Indies.” Journal of Ottoman Studies 40 (2012): 1–38.Google Scholar
Tezcan, Baki. “Law in China or Conquest in the Americas: Competing Constructions of Political Space in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire.” Journal of World History 24.1 (2013): 107–34.Google Scholar
van Donzel, Emeri, and Schmidt, Andrea. Gog and Magog in Early Christian and Islamic Sources. Leiden: Brill, 2010.Google Scholar
van Gelder, Geert Jan. “Ancients and Moderns.” In Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, ed. Fleet, Kate, Krämer, Gudrun, Matringe, Denis, Nawas, John, and Rowson, Everett. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_SIM_0040.Google Scholar
Yılmaz, Hüseyin. Caliphate Redefined: The Mystical Turn in Ottoman Political Thought. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2018.Google Scholar