^{page 289 note 1} Oakes, Robert A., ‘Classical Theism and Pantheism: a Victory for Process Theism?’, Religious Studies, XIII (1977), 167–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar I would like to thank Professor Oakes for sending me a copy of this provocative paper in advance of its publication.

^{page 289 note 2} See Kretzman, Norman, ‘Omniscience and Immutability’, The Journal of Philosophy, LXIII (1966).Google Scholar Reprinted in Philosophy of Religion: Selected Readings, ed. Rowe, W. L. and Wainwright, W. J. (New York, 1973), pp. 60–70.Google Scholar

^{page 290 note 1} Oakes, , op. cit. p. 171.Google Scholar

^{page 290 note 2} For a thorough discussion of these matters see Plantinga, Alvin, The Nature of Necessity (Oxford, 1974).Google Scholar

^{page 291 note 1} Aquinas, Thomas, Summa Theologica, part 1, question 104, article IGoogle Scholar; Descartes, René, The Philosophical Works of Descartes, tr. Haldane, E. S. and Ross, G. T. R. (New York, 1955), 1, 168 (the passage in question is from the Third Meditation)Google Scholar; Mavrodes, George I., Belief in God (New York, 1970), p. 70Google Scholar; Ross, James F., Philosophical Theology (Indianapolis, 1969), p. 254.Google Scholar

^{page 292 note 1} Oakes, , op. cit. p. 171.Google Scholar

^{page 292 note 2} Ibid.

^{page 292 note 3} Maimonides, Moses, The Guide for the Perplexed, tr. Friedlander, M. (New York, 1956), pp. 104–5.Google Scholar The passage in question is from part 1, chapter 69.

^{page 293 note 1} Oakes, , op. cit. p. 172.Google Scholar

^{page 293 note 2} Ibid.

^{page 293 note 3} ‘One thing cannot have two beginnings of existence.’ Locke, John, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (New York, 1959), I, 440.Google Scholar The quotation comes from book II, chapter 27.

^{page 294 note 1} Oakes, , op. cit. pp. 172–3.Google Scholar For convenience, I will henceforth follow Oakes in speaking as if the universe came into being, though I do not think the doctrine of divine conservation requires us to assume that the universe was created after a period of time when it did not exist.

^{page 294 note 2} Ibid. p. 168.

^{page 294 note 3} Ibid. p. 173.

^{page 295 note 1} Aquinas, Thomas, Summa Theologica, part I, question 3, article 7.Google Scholar

^{page 296 note 1} This is argued for in Appendix B of Chisholm, Roderick M., Person and Object: a Metaphysical Study (LaSalle, 1976).Google Scholar

^{page 296 note 2} Oakes, , op. cit. p. 171.Google Scholar

^{page 297 note 1} Chisholm, , op. cit. p. 51.Google Scholar

^{page 297 note 2} Spinoza, Benedict, The Chief Works of Benedict de Spinoza, tr. Elwes, R. H. M., (New York, 1955), II, 55. The quotation is from part I, proposition 15 of the Ethics.Google Scholar

^{page 297 note 3} Ibid. p. 45. The quotation is from part I, definition 5 of the Ethics.

^{page 299 note 1} Bayle, Pierre, A General Dictionary, Historical and Critical, tr. Bernard, J. P., Birch, T., Lockman, J. and others (London, 1734), IX, 359.Google Scholar I have taken the liberty of modernizing the spelling. This passage from Note N to the article on Spinoza is also to be found, translated in a slightly different way, in Bayle, Pierre, Historical and Critical Dictionary: Selections, tr. Popkin, R. H. (Indianapolis, 1965), pp. 309–10.Google Scholar

^{page 301 note 1} Oakes, , op. cit. p. 173.Google Scholar

^{page 301 note 2} Ibid. p. 171.