Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T17:16:14.069Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The X-claim argument against religious belief

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 December 2016

STEPHEN LAW*
Affiliation:
Heythrop College, University of London, Kensington Square, London W8 5HN, UK

Abstract

This article outlines an argument against religious belief: the X-claim argument. The argument is novel at least in the sense that it has not yet been clearly articulated or addressed before in the philosophical literature. However, the argument is closely related to two more familiar varieties of argument currently receiving philosophical attention, namely: (i) arguments from religious diversity, and (ii) naturalistic debunking arguments (e.g. Freudian, Marxist, and evolutionary). I set out the X-claim argument, show that it has some prima facie plausibility, distinguish it from these other two arguments with which it might easily be confused, and, finally, explain why it has some significant advantages over these more familiar arguments against religious belief.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barrett, Justin L. (2004) Why Would Anyone Believe in God? (Lanham Sylvialand: AltaMira Press).Google Scholar
Boyer, Pascal (2002) Religion Explained, The Evolutionary Origins of Religious Thought, new edn (London: Vintage).Google Scholar
Christianson, David (2009) ‘Disagreement as evidence: the epistemology of controversy’, Philosophy Compass, 5, 756756.Google Scholar
Clark, Kelly James, & Barrett, Justin L. (2010) ‘Reformed epistemology and the cognitive science of religion’, Faith and Philosophy, 27, 174189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dennett, Daniel (2010) Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon (London: Penguin).Google Scholar
Feldman, Richard (2006) ‘Epistemological puzzles about disagreement’, in Hetherington, Stephen (ed.) Epistemology Futures (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 216236.Google Scholar
French, Christopher C. & Stone, Anna (2013) Anomalistic Psychology (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).Google Scholar
Goldberg, Sanford C. (2014) ‘Does externalist epistemology rationalize religious commitment?’, in Callahan, Laura Frances & O'Conner, Timothy (eds) Religious Faith and Intellectual Virtue (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 279298.Google Scholar
Kahane, Guy (2010) ‘Evolutionary debunking Arguments’, Nous, 45, 103125.Google Scholar
Lasonen Aarnio, M. (2010) ‘Unreasonable knowledge’, Philosophical Perspectives, 24, 121.Google Scholar
Murray, M. J. (2007) ‘Four arguments that the cognitive psychology of religion undermines the justification of religious belief’, in Bulbulia, J. et al. (eds) Evolution of Religion: Studies, Theories, and Critiques (Santa Margarita CA: The Collins Foundation Press), 394398.Google Scholar
Nickell, Joe (2000) ‘The Flatwoods UFO Monster’, Skeptical Inquirer, 24.6.Google Scholar
Pinker, Steven (2004) ‘The evolutionary psychology of religion’, speech given at the annual meeting of the Freedom from Religion Foundation, Madison, Wisconsin, 29 October 2004, on Pinker's receipt of ‘The Emperor's New Clothes Award’. Available online at: http://pinker.wjh.harvard.edu/articles/media/2004_10_29_religion.htm Google Scholar
Plantinga, Alvin (2000a) ‘Pluralism’, in Quinn, Philip L. & Meeker, Kevin (eds) The Philosophical Challenge of Religious Diversity (New York: Oxford University Press), 172192.Google Scholar
Plantinga, Alvin (2000b) Warranted Christian Belief (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Ratcliffe, Matthew (2006) ‘Neurotheology’, in Patrick, Mcnamara (ed.) Where God And Science Meet: The Neurology Of Religious Experience (Westport: Praeger), 81104.Google Scholar
Schellenberg, J. L. (2000) ‘Religious experience and religious diversity: a reply to Alston’, in Quinn, Philip L. & Meeker, Kevin (eds) The Philosophical Challenge of Religious Diversity (New York: Oxford University Press), 208217.Google Scholar
Williamson, Timothy (2000) Knowledge and its Limits (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar