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Les externalités de diffusion du savoir-faire permettent-elles de rattraper le retard dans les courses à l'innovation?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2016

Christine Halmenschlager
Christine Halmenschlager*
Affiliation:
ERMES (CNRS), Université Panthéon-Assas Paris II
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Résumé

Dans une course à l'innovation, les possibilités de rattrapage d'une entreprise distancée sont-elles aiguisées ou au contraire excluespar la présence d'externalités de R&D ? Fudenberg, Gilbert, Stiglitz et Tirole montrent dans une course au brevet avec observation imparfaite de l'activité en R&D des entreprises rivales que ces possibilités de rattrapage existent. Notre article introduit deux hypothèses d'externalités de diffusion du savoir-faire. Nous examinons à l'équilibre, pour chacun d'eux, les conséquences sur les possibilités de rattrapage de la firme en retard. Dans un premier scénario, la part du savoir-faire acquis par chaque entreprise qui revient à sa rivale est décroissante : les possibilités de rattrapage disparaissent à l'équilibre. Dans un second scénario, le taux d'externalité est constant : le rattrapage, même réduit par le jeu des externalités, reste possible à l'équilibre. Nous concluons que dans ce contexte dynamique, les spillovers ont l'effet contre-intuitif d'augmenter la vitesse de l'innovation pour des firmes avec des niveaux d'expérience identiques. Nous mettons aussi en évidence qu'une modélisation différente des externalités influence les possibilités de rattrapage du retardataire.

Summary

Summary

In this paper, we introduce spillovers in a simplified version of the Fudenberg, Gilbert, Stiglitz and Tirole patent race model with memory: in any period, a proportion of a firm's R&D activity leaks to its rival, decreasing, without effort, the rival's lag. Do spillovers increase the laggard's catching-up capacities or do they rule them out? In a first scenario, the proportion of R&D activity that spills over is decreasing with the R&D effort of the source firm. We show how these spillovers change race dynamics by increasing the lags between competitors and preventing the follower from catching up with the leader. In a second scenario, we use a constant spillover rate. We show that the catching-up possibilities remain, although they are reduced by spillovers. We conclude that in this dynamic setting, spillovers have the counter-intuitive effect of increasing the effective pace of innovation, starting from identical levels of know-how. Furthermore, different ways of modelling spillovers yield different results about catchingup possibilities.

Keywords

course au brevetexternalitésrattrapageC72031patent racespilloverscatching-upC72O31
Type
Research Article
Information
Recherches Économiques de Louvain/ Louvain Economic Review , Volume 70 , Issue 3 , 2004 , pp. 341 - 361
Copyright
Copyright © Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherches économiques et sociales 2004 

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Footnotes

*

Je remercie les professeurs Rabah Amir, David Encaoua et les deux rapporteurs anonymes de la revue pour leurs commentaires et suggestions.

**

ERMES, Université Panthéon-Assas Paris II,12 Place du Panthéon, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France. E-Mail: [email protected]. Tél.:+33(1)44-41-89-73.

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