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L'efficacité du Contrôle Communautaire des Concentrations : une approche par la méthode événementielle

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2016

Béatrice Dumont*
Affiliation:
Université de Rennes I - CREREG-CNRS
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Résumé

Le Tribunal de Première Instance des Communautés Européennes (TPICE) a récemment retoqué trois vetos des autorités communautaires de la concurrence. Au-delà du camouflet que représentent ces décisions, c'est principalement l'insuffisance de preuves et la faiblesse de l'analyse économique de la Commission Européenne qui sont à chaque fois critiquées. Afin d'évaluer la véracité de ces critiques, nous cherchons à analyser de manière précise si les décisions de la Commission sont corroborées par l'anticipation des marchés. Pour se faire, nous utilisons et étendons la méthodologie d'Eckbo-Stillman (1983), plus communément appelée méthode événementielle. Le principe de base en est simple. Il consiste à tester l'hypothèse de pouvoir de marché (ou de collusion) en analysant comment le cours des actions réagit à des événements importants. L'hypothèse testée est la suivante : si la concentration projetée est susceptible de réduire l'intensité de la concurrence (de se traduire par un surcroît d'efficacité), alors les firmes rivales doivent voir leur valeur boursière augmenter (baisser) lors de l'annonce d'un événement augmentant la probabilité de réalisation de la concentration et se déprécier (augmenter) lorsque la probabilité de survenance de celle-ci diminue. Nos résultats montrent que dans la majorité des affaires, il est impossible de valider l'hypothèse d'effets anti-concurrentiels.

Summary

Summary

Following the recent rulings by the European Court of First Instance to quash the European Commission vetoes on three mergers, we investigate whether mergers prohibited by the European Commission or withdrawn by the parties following a detailed investigation would have resulted, if not challenged, in higher product prices to consumers. To do so, we apply and extent the Eckbo-Stillman (1983) event study methodology and examine the stock market reaction among rival (i.e. non-merging) firms following the announcement of a merger or merger challenge in 14 horizontal mergers attempted between 1991 and 2001. The tested hypothesis is that if the merger is anti-competitive (efficiency-enhancing), rival firms should experience a positive (negative) stock price reaction because they could be expected to share in the future higher post-merger price (not to share in the future the lower post-merger costs of the merged firms). We found that, in general, European antitrust enforcers challenged mergers that the capital market regarded as efficient rather than anti-competitive.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherches économiques et sociales 2004 

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Footnotes

*

Universite de Rennes I, crereg-cnrs-UMR 6585, 7 Place Hoche, F-35965 Rennes Cedex T: +33.(0)2.23.23.35.30 - Fax: +33.(0)2.99.38.80.84 - Email: [email protected]

References

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