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Innovation et effet de remplacement du monopole : le cas des ressources non renouvelables

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2016

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Résumé

Selon Arrow (1962), face à une innovation de procédé (réductrice de coût) une firme monopolistique subit l'effet de remplacement à savoir que la valeur qu'elle lui accorde est sous optimale et inférieure à la valeur de compétition technologique du brevet qui lui correspond. Nous transposons cette problématique dans le cadre d'une économie exploitant une ressource épuisable. En considérant les incitations à innover immédiatement, on peut alors montrer que le résultat de sous-incitation du monopole n'est pas toujours vérifié et parfois même se renverse : le monopole minier exhibe une propension à ne pas « s'endormir sur ses lauriers » lorsque la demande de la ressource présente une élasticité « fortement » croissante. En élargissant le résultat au cas des incitations dynamiques, nous montrons que le monopole adopte parfois plus vite l'innovation que la firme en concurrence.

Summary

Summary

Considering a cost reducing innovation, Arrow (1962) shows that a firm in monopoly suffers the replacement effect, that is, its valuation of the innovation is sub-optimal and less than in a context of technological competition. We look also at this problem but within the framework of an economy exploiting an exhaustible resource. One can show that the replacement effect is not always verified and can be reversed: the mining monopoly doesn't “rest on its laurels” when the price elasticity of demand for the resource is “deeply” increasing. We discuss this result for the case of dynamic incentives to innovate and we show that, in those situations of demand, the mining monopoly innovate earlier that the competitive mining firm.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherches économiques et sociales 2007 

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Footnotes

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Université Montpellier I, UFR Sciences Economiques, Espace Richter, Avenue de la Mer, CS 79606,34960 Montpellier Cedex 2, France. Tel +33 (0)4 67 15 83 26, [email protected]

References

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