Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T09:55:30.441Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

From Psycho-Economics to Neuro-Economics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 January 2015

Bernard Walliser
Bernard Walliser*
Affiliation:
Paris School of Economics
Get access

Summary

In economics, three nested organizational levels, namely behavioural, mental and neural, can be distinguished. They introduce specific theoretical or observable concepts and suggest their own models for choice making. If psycho-economics relates implemented actions to declared mental states, neuro-economics relates mental states to brain areas. Bridge principles can be defined which link concepts with similar interpretations at two successive levels. Thanks to these principles, relations or even models independently suggested at two successive levels may well be associated. Some prescriptive applications of these principles were more recently proposed, but they remain grounded on a too fragile basis.

En économie, trois niveaux d'organisation emboîtés - en l'occurrence comportemental, mental et neuronal - sont traditionnellement distingués. Ils introduisent des concepts théoriques ou observationnels spécifiques et proposent leurs propres modèles pour la prise de décision d'un individu. Si la psychoéconomie relie les actions qu'il met en œuvre aux états mentaux qu'il affiche, la neuro-économie relie ses états mentaux aux zones actives de son cerveau. Sont ainsi définis des principes de pontage qui mettent en relation des concepts ayant une interprétation semblable et définis à deux niveaux successifs. Grâce à ces principes, des relations ou même des modèles suggérés indépendamment à deux niveaux adjacents peuvent être associés. Si quelques applications prescriptives de ces principes ont été plus récemment proposées, elles reposent encore sur une base conceptuelle très fragile.

Keywords

brain areasbridge principledecision processmental statesneuro-economicsorganizational levelspsycho-economicsA12B41D87états mentauxpsycho-économieneuro-économieprincipes de pontageprocessus de décisionzones du cerveauA12B41D87
Type
Research Article
Information
Recherches Économiques de Louvain/ Louvain Economic Review , Volume 78 , Issue 3-4 , December 2012 , pp. 13 - 28
Copyright
Copyright © Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherches économiques et sociales 2012 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allais, M. (1953). Le comportement de l'homme rationnel devant le risque: critique des postulats et axiomes de l'Ecole Américaine, Econometrica, 21(4), 503–46.Google Scholar
Bernheim, D. (2009). Neuroeconomics: a sober (but hopeful) appraisal, American Economie Journal, 1(2), 1–41.Google Scholar
Berthoz, A. (2003). La décision, Odile Jacob.Google Scholar
Bonnano, G., List, C., Tungodden, B., Vallentine, P. eds (2008). special issue of Economies and Philosophy, 24.Google Scholar
Brocas, I., Carrillo, J.D. (2008). Theories of the mind, American Economic Review, 98(2), 175–180.Google Scholar
Camerer, C., Ho, T.H., Chong, J.K., (2004). A cognitive hierarchy model of games, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119/3, 861–98.Google Scholar
Camerer, C., Loewenstein, G., Prelec, D. (2005). Neuroeconomics, how neuroscience can inform economics, Journal of Economic Literature, 43, 9:64.Google Scholar
Camerer, C. (2007). Neuroeconomics: using neuroscience to make economic predictions, Economic Journal, 117.Google Scholar
Clithero, J.A., Tankersley, D., Herettel, S.A. (2008). Foundations of neuroeconomics: from philosophy to practice, PLos Bio, 6(11).Google Scholar
Corricelli, G., Nagel, R. (2009). Neural correlates of depth of strategic reasoning in medial prefrontal cortex, PNAS, 106 (23), 9163–9168.Google Scholar
Damasio, A. (1999). Descartes' error: emotion, reason and the human brain, Putnam.Google Scholar
Elster, J. (1999). Alchemies of the mind, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Glimcher, P. (2003): Decisions, uncertainty and the brain: the science of neuroeconomics, MIT Press.Google Scholar
Glimcher, P., Rustichini, A. (2004). Neuroeconomics, the consilience of brain and decision, Science, 306, 447:52.Google Scholar
Glimcher, P., Camerer, C., Poldrack, R., Fehr, E. eds (2008). Neuroeconomics, decision making and the brain, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Gul, F., Pesendorfer, W. (2008). The case for mindless economics, in Caplin, A., Schotter, A. eds: The foundations of positive and normative economics, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Harrison, G. (2008). Neuroeconomics: a critical reconstruction, Economics and Philosophy, 24(3), 303–344.Google Scholar
Hausmann, D.M. (2008). Mindless or mindful economics, a methodological evaluation, in Caplin, M. and Schotter, M. eds The foundations of positive and normative economics, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hume, D. (1739–1740). Treatise of human nature, Clarendon Press, 1888.Google Scholar
Johnson-Laird, P.N. (1994): Mental models and probabilistic thinking, Cognition, 13, 189–209.Google Scholar
Kahneman, D., Frederick, S. (2002). Representativeness revisited: attribute substitution in intuitive judgment, in Gilovitch, T., Griffin, D. & Kahneman, D. eds: Heuristics and biases, Cambridge University Press Google Scholar
Kahneman, D. & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory, an analysis of decision under risk, Econometrica, 57, 263–91.Google Scholar
Kouneiher, F., Charron, S., Koechlin, E. (2009). Motivation and cognitive control in the human prefrontal cortex, Nature Neuroscience, 29(16), 5135–42.Google Scholar
Marr, D. (1982). Vision: a computational investigation into the human representation and processing of visual information, W.H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Mongin, P., Walliser, B. (1987). Infinite regressions in the optimizing theory of decision, in Munier, B. ed., Risk, Decision and Rationality, Reidel.Google Scholar
Montague, R. (2007). Your brain is (almost) perfect: how we make decisions, Plume.Google Scholar
Rubinstein, A. (2008). Comments on neuroeconomics, American Economic Journal.Google Scholar
Rustichini, A. ed (2005). Special Issue of Games and Economic Behavior, 52(2).Google Scholar
Sanfey, A.G., Loewenstein, G., Cohen, J.D. & Me Clure, S.M. (2006). Neuroeconomics: cross-currents in research on decision, Trends in cognitive science, 10(3), 108–116.Google Scholar
Schmidt, C. (2010). La neuroéconomie, Odile Jacob.Google Scholar
Simon, H. (1997). Models of bounded rationality, MIT Press.Google Scholar
Stern, P. (2007). Special Issue of Science, 318(5850)Google Scholar
Walliser, B. (1989). Instrumental Rationality and Cognitive Rationality, Theory and Decision, 27, 7–36.Google Scholar
Walliser, B. (2009). Emergent phenomena, in Gérin, M., Maurel, C. eds: Self-organization and/or biological evolution, EDP Sciences.Google Scholar
Walliser, B., Zwirn, D., Zwirn, H. (2003). Raisonnements non certains et changements de croyances, in Martin, T., Probabilités subjectives et rationalité de l'action, Editions du CNRS, 47-66. http://www.neuroeconomie.fr Google Scholar