Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T08:59:45.714Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

PHILOSOPHERS AND CITIZENS ON THE AREOPAGUS: LUCIAN'S PROSE TRILOGY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 February 2020

David Blair Pass
David Blair Pass*
Affiliation:
Monash [email protected]
Get access

Extract

The lively discussion of the relationship between rhetoric and philosophy, the presentation of a theory of writing dialogues that combine elements from different genres and a dramatic frame that presents this theory in an Athenian setting as philosophical schools such as the Stoa and the Academy explain to the citizens their contributions to civic virtue make the Twice Accused not only one of the most important dialogues for understanding Lucian's project but also one of the most important literary treatments of the reception of philosophy in Athens and the status of philosophy in the Imperial period. Because many of the philosophical elements Lucian uses to create his drama—common arguments, well-known attitudes and standard portraits—are conventional, the creativity and originality of the work consists in the combination of these elements and juxtaposition of different scenes and frames; understanding each scene and its significance depends on establishing its relationship to other scenes. This paper will examine the role the Twice Accused plays as part of a trilogy of dialogues together with the Sale of Lives and the Fisherman; the trilogy presents a reflection on the introduction of philosophy and a progressive analysis of the attitudes between citizens and philosophers in the Athenian civic context. Considering the three as a trilogy not only reveals a central tragic intertext but also illuminates the way that the methodological statement at the end of the Twice Accused completes the schema connecting attitudes towards the philosophical tradition to Athenian topography by moderating the extremes of the previous two dialogues and explaining the role of philosophical writing as a mediating force between the demands of philosophy and the needs of the larger civic community.

Type
Research Article
Information
Ramus , Volume 48 , Issue 2 , December 2019 , pp. 198 - 222
Copyright
Copyright © Ramus 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, G. (1976), Lucian: Theme and Variation in the Second Sophistic. Mnemosyne Supp. 41 (Leiden).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrade, N. (2013), Syrian Identity in the Greco-Roman World (Cambridge).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baumbach, M., and von Möllendorf, P. (2017), Ein literarischer Prometheus: Lukian aus Samosata und die Zweite Sophistik (Heidelberg).Google Scholar
Billault, A. (2017), ‘Lucien de Samosate et son oeuvre’, in Billault and Marquis (2017), 13–21.Google Scholar
Billault, A., and Marquis, É. (eds) (2017), Mixis: Le Mélange des Genres Chez Lucien de Samosate (Paris).Google Scholar
Bompaire, J. (1958), Lucien écrivain: Imitation et création (Paris).Google Scholar
Bompaire, J. (1993), Lucien: Oeuvres. vol. 1 (Paris).Google Scholar
Bompaire, J. (2008), Lucien: Oeuvres. vol. 4 (Paris).Google Scholar
Bowie, E.L. (1970), ‘The Greeks and their Past in the Second Sophistic’, Past and Present 46, 3–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bozia, E. (2015), Lucian and His Roman Voices: Cultural Exchanges and Conflicts in the Late Roman Empire (New York).Google Scholar
Branham, B. (1989), Unruly Eloquence: Lucian and the Comedy of Traditions (Cambridge, MA).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braun, E. (1994), Lukian: Unter doppelter Anklage (Berlin).Google Scholar
Camerotto, A. (1998), Le Metamorfosi della Parola (Rome).Google Scholar
Camerotto, A. (2009), Icaromenippo, o L'uomo sopra le nuvole (Alessandria).Google Scholar
Camerotto, A. (2014), Gli Occhi e La Lingua della Satira: Studi sull'eroe satirico in Luciano di Samosata (Milano).Google Scholar
Campbell, G. (ed.) (1990), John Milton: Complete English Poems, of Education, Areopagitica (Vermont) [fourth ed.; first publ. 1909].Google Scholar
Caster, M. (1937), Lucien et la pensée religieuse de son temps (Paris).Google Scholar
Croiset, M. (1882), La Vie et Les Oeuvres de Lucien (Paris).Google Scholar
Dillon, J. (1977), The Middle Platonists, 80 B.C. to 220 A.D. (Ithaca, NY).Google Scholar
Fowler, R. (2017), ‘Variations of Receptions of Plato during the Second Sophistic’, in Tarrant, H., Layne, D., Baltzly, D. and Renaud, F. (eds), Brill's Companion to the Reception of Plato in Antiquity (Boston), 223–49.Google Scholar
Gassino, I. (2017), ‘Le mélange des genres chez Lucien: le cas de la rhétorique judiciare’, in Billault and Marquis (2017), 203–21.Google Scholar
Gleason, M.W. (1995), Making Men: Sophists and Self-Presentation in Ancient Rome (Princeton).Google Scholar
Goldhill, S. (ed.) (2001a), Being Greek under Rome: Cultural Identity, the Second Sophistic and the Development of Empire (Cambridge).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldhill, S. (2001b), ‘Setting an Agenda: “Everything is Greece to the Wise”’, in Goldhill (2001a), 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldhill, S. (2002), Who Needs Greek: Contests in the Cultural History of Hellenism (Cambridge).Google Scholar
Goulet-Cazé, M.-O. (1990), ‘Le cynisme à l’époque impériale’, ANRW 36.4, 2720–833.Google Scholar
Griffin, M. (1996), ‘Cynicism and the Romans: Attraction and Repulsion’, in Bracht Branham, R. and Goulet-Cazé, M.-O. (eds), The Cynics: The Cynic Movement in Antiquity and Its Legacy (Berkeley).Google Scholar
Hall, J. (1981), Lucian's Satire (New York).Google Scholar
Hatzimichali, M. (2011), Potamo of Alexandria and the Emergence of Eclecticism in Late Hellenistic Philosophy (Cambridge).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helm, R. (1906), Lucian und Menipp (Berlin).Google Scholar
Hunter, R. (2012), Plato and the Traditions of Ancient Literature: the Silent Stream (Cambridge).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, C.P. (1986), Culture and Society in Lucian (Cambridge, MA).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karavas, O. (2005), Lucien et la tragédie. Untersuchungen zur antiken Literatur und Geschichte 76 (Berlin/New York).Google Scholar
Kim, L. (2017), ‘Atticism and Asianism’, in Richter, D. and Johnson, W. (eds), The Oxford Handbook of the Second Sophistic (Oxford), 41–66.Google Scholar
Lefebvre, K. (2016), ‘Parallel Plays: Lucian's Philosophers and the Stage’, ICS 41, 185–200.Google Scholar
Lenz, F.W., and Behr, C.A. (1976), P. Aelii Aristidis Opera quae extant omnia (Leiden).Google Scholar
Long, A.A. (2002), Epictetus: A Stoic and Socratic Guide to Life (Oxford).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, A.A., and Sedley, D.N. (1987), The Hellenistic Philosophers. vols 1–2 (Cambridge).Google Scholar
Macleod, M.D. (ed) (1972), Opera Luciani (Oxford).Google Scholar
Marshall, C.W., and Hawkins, T. (eds) (2016), Athenian Comedy in the Roman Empire (London).Google Scholar
Nesselrath, H.-G. (1998), ‘Lucien et le Cynisme’, L'Antiquité Classique 67, 121–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nesselrath, H.-G. (2010), ‘A Tale of Two Cities: Lucian on Athens and Rome’, in Bartley, A. (ed.), A Lucian for Our Times (Newcastle upon Tyne), 121–35.Google Scholar
Ni Mheallaigh, K. (2014), Reading Fiction with Lucian: Fakes, Freaks and Hyperreality (Cambridge).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ni Mheallaigh, K. (2017), ‘Lucien et l'astropoétique: Le voyage à travers les genres’, in Billault and Marquis (2017), 46–69.Google Scholar
Nightingale, A. (1995), Genres in Dialogue: Plato and the Construct of Philosophy (Cambridge).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pass, D. (2016), ‘Buying Books and Choosing Lives: From Agora to Acropolis in Lucian's Transformation of Plato's Emporium of Polities’, AJP 137, 625–54.Google Scholar
Pernot, L. (1994), ‘Lucien et Dion de Pruse’, in Billault, A. (ed.), Lucien de Samosate (Paris), 109–16.Google Scholar
Peterson, A. (2016), ‘Revoking Comic License: Aristides’ Or. 29 and the Performance of Comedy’, in Marshall and Hawkins (2016), 181–96.Google Scholar
Richter, D. (2011), Cosmopolis: Imagining Community in Late Classical Athens and the Early Roman Empire (Oxford).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richter, D. (2017), ‘Lucian of Samosate’, in Richter, D. and Johnson, W. (eds), The Oxford Handbook of the Second Sophistic (Oxford), 327–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosen, R. (2016), ‘Lucian's Aristophanes: On Understanding Old Comedy in the Roman Imperial Period’, in Marshall and Hawkins (2016), 141–62.Google Scholar
Saïd, S. (1993), ‘Le “je” de Lucien’, in Baslez, M.-F., Hoffman, P. and Pernot, L. (eds), L'invention de l'autobiographie d'Hesiode a Saint Augustin (Paris).Google Scholar
Schlapbach, K. (2010), ‘The logoi of Philosophers in Lucian of Samosata’, CA 29, 250–77.Google Scholar
Schmitz, T. (2010), ‘A Sophist's Drama: Lucian and Classical Tragedy’, in Gildenhard, I. and Revermann, M. (eds), Beyond the Fifth Century: Interactions with Greek Tragedy from the Fourth Century BCE to the Middle Ages (Berlin), 289–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, J. (1965), Biographie de Lucien de Samosate (Bruxelles-Berchem).Google Scholar
Sharrock, A., and Morales, H. (2000), Intratextuality: Greek and Roman Textual Relations (Oxford).Google Scholar
Sidwell, K. (2010), ‘The Dead Philosopher's Society: New Thoughts on Lucian's Piscator and Eupolis’ Demes’, in Bartley, A. (ed.), A Lucian for Our Times (Newcastle upon Tyne), 109–18.Google Scholar
Storey, I. (2016), ‘Exposing Frauds: Lucian and Comedy’, in Marshall and Hawkins (2016), 163–80.Google Scholar
Swain, S. (1996), Hellenism and Power: Language, Classicism and Power in the Greek World, AD 50–250 (Oxford).Google Scholar
Swain, S. (ed.) (2000), Dio Chrysostom: Politics, Letters and Philosophy (Oxford).Google Scholar
Swain, S. (2007), ‘The Three Faces of Lucian’, in Ligota, C. and Panizza, L. (eds), Lucian of Samosata Vivus et Redivivus (London), 17–44.Google Scholar
Whitmarsh, T. (2001a), Greek Literature in the Roman Empire: the Politics of Imitation (New York).Google Scholar
Whitmarsh, T. (2001b), ‘“Greece is the World”: Exile and identity in the Second Sophistic’, in Goldhill (2001a), 269–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitmarsh, T. (2013), Beyond the Second Sophistic: Adventures in Postclassicism (London).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wittek, M. (1952), ‘Liste des Manuscrits de Lucien’, Scriptorium 6, 309–24.Google Scholar