Questions relating to the transport of radioactive materials are very much an issue ofcurrent interest due to the increasing mobility of the materials involved in the nuclearfuel cycle, commitment to the environment, the safety and protection of persons and thecorresponding regulatory legal framework. The radiological impact associated with thistype of transport was assessed by means of a new data-processing tool that may be of useand serve as complementary documentation to that included in transport regulations. Thus,by determining the level of radiation at a distance of one metre from the transportvehicle and by selecting a route, the associated impacts will be obtained, such as theaffected populations, the dose received by the most highly exposed individual, the overallradiological impact, the doses received by the population along the route and the possibledetriment to their health. The most important conclusion is that the emissions of ionisingradiation from the transport of radioactive material by road in Spain are not significantas regards the generation of adverse effects on human health, and that their radiologicalimpact may be considered negligible.