Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T15:53:43.894Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Comportement de radionucléides (Cs, I, Sr, Se, Tc) dans le sol : proposition de valeurs de Kd par défaut

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 June 2005

S. Roussel-Debet  and
C. Colle
S. Roussel-Debet
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de radioécologie et d’écotoxicologie, IRSN, DEI/SECRE/LRE, Bâtiment 186, Cadarache, B.P. 3, 13115 St-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
C. Colle
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de radioécologie et d’écotoxicologie, IRSN, DEI/SECRE/LRE, Bâtiment 186, Cadarache, B.P. 3, 13115 St-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
Get access

Abstract

Le paramètre le plus simple et le plus commun pour modéliser la mobilité d’un radionucléide dans un sol est le coefficient de distribution, Kd. Réciproquement, la valeur empirique de Kd est supposée représenter différents mécanismes biochimiques et physiques eux-mêmes influencés par de nombreuses variables. Les valeurs de Kd varient avec les sols et les radionucléides. En conséquence, l'utilisation de valeurs de Kd « par défaut » dans un modèle d'évaluation du comportement d’un radionucléide dans des sols peut aboutir à une incertitude non négligeable. L’étude systématique de cinq radionucléides (Cs, I, Sr, Se, Tc) est faite en termes de comportement dans les sols, mécanismes principaux, cinétiques, réversibilité/irréversibilité de la sorption... Pour chaque radionucléide, une base de données de Kd est constituée, comprenant les données primaires utilisées pour établir les valeurs par défaut les plus communes et de nouvelles données issues des publications récentes. Une fiche synthétique récapitule les paramètres les plus importants influençant significativement leur mobilité, propose une valeur par défaut pour le Kd et suggère les expériences minimales qui pourraient être utiles pour acquérir des valeurs de Kd plus appropriées au comportement du radionucléide.

Keywords

Kdsoilradionuclidesreview
Type
Other
Information
Radioprotection , Volume 40 , Issue 2 , April 2005 , pp. 203 - 229
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdelouas, A., Grambow, B., Fattahi, M., Andrès, Y., Leclerc-Cessac, E. (2005) Microbial reduction of 99Tc in organic matter-rich soils, Sci. Tot. Environ. 336, 255-268 CrossRef
Absalom, J.P., Young, S.D., Crout, N.M.J., Sanchez, A., Wright, S.M., Smolders, E., Nisbet, A.F., Gillett, A.G. (2001) Predicting the transfer of radiocaesium from organic soils to plants using soil characteristics, J. Environ. Radioactiv. 52, 31-43. CrossRef
Ashworth, D.J., Shaw, G., Butler, A.P., Ciciani, L. (2003) Soil transport and plant uptake of radio-iodine from near-surface groundwater, J. Environ. Radioactiv. 70, 99-114. CrossRef
Azaizeh, H.A., Gowthaman, S., Terry, N., Zayed, A.M., de Souza, M.P., Tarun, A.S. (1997) Microbial selenium volatilization in rhizosphere and bulk soils from a constructed wetland, J. Environ. Qual. 26, 666-672. CrossRef
Baes, C.F. (1982) Prediction of radionuclides Kd values from soil-to-plants concentrations ratios, Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc. 41, 53-54.
Baes, C.F., Sharp, R.D. (1983) A proposal for estimation of soil leaching and leaching constants for use in assessment models, J. Environ. Qual. 12, 17-27. CrossRef
Baes C.F., Sharp R.D., Sjoreen A.L., Shor R.W. (1984) A Review and analysis of parameters for assessing transport of environmentally released radionuclides through agriculture. Rapport ORNL-5786, Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn. (USA).
Balistrieri, L.S., Chao, T.T. (1987) Selenium adsorption by goethite, Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J. 51, 1145-1151. CrossRef
Berhens H. (1986) Speciation of radioiodine in aquatic and terrestrial systems under the influence of biogeochemical processes. In: Speciation of fission and activation products in the environment (Bulman R. A. , Cooper J. R., Eds.) pp. 223-230. Elsevier Applied Science, London.
Bostock, A.C., Shaw, G., Bell, J.N.B. (2003) The volatilisation and sorption of 129I in coniferous forest, grassland and frozen soils, J. Environ. Radioactiv. 70, 29-42. CrossRef
Brauer F.R., Strebin R.S. (1982) Environmental concentration and migration of 129I. In: Environmental Migration of Radionuclides. IAEA-SM-257, pp. 465-480. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienne.
Bunzl, K., Schimmack, W. (1988) Effect of microbial biomass reduction by gamma-irradiation on the sorption of 137Cs, 85Sr, 139Ce, 57Co,109Cd, 65Zn, 103Ru, 95mTc and 131I by soils, Radiat. Environ. Bioph. 27, 165-176. CrossRef
Bunzl, K., Schimmack, W. (1991) Kinetics of the sorption of 137Cs, 85Sr, 57Co, 65Zn and 109Cd by the organic horizons of a forest soil, Radiochim. Acta 54, 97-102. CrossRef
Campbell, L.S., Davies, B.E. (1995) Soil sorption of caesium modelled by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations, Appl. Geochem. 10, 715-723. CrossRef
Camps, M., Rigol, A., Vidal, M., Rauret, G. (2003) Assessment of the suitability of soil amendments to reduce 137Cs and 90Sr root uptake in meadows, Environ. Sci. Technol. 37, 2820-2828. CrossRef
Camps, M., Rigol, A., Hillier, S., Vidal, M., Rauret, G. (2004) Quantitative assessment of the effects of agricultural practices designed to reduce 137Cs and 90Sr soil-plant transfer in meadows, Sci. Tot. Environ. 332, 23-38. CrossRef
Capo, R.C., Stewart, B.W., Chadwick, O.A. (1998) Strontium isotopes as tracers of ecosystem processes: theory and methods, Geoderma 82, 197-225. CrossRef
Casiot, C., Barciela Alonso, M.C., Boisson, J., Donard, O.F.X., Potin-Gautier, M. (1998) Simultaneous speciation of arsenic, selenium, antimony and tellurium species in waters and soil extracts by capillary electrophoresis and UV detection, Analyst 123, 2887-2894. CrossRef
Christiansen J. (1990) The behaviour of iodine in the terrestrial environment. Rapport RISØE M‑2851, Fev 1990, 156 p. Risø National Laboratory, Denmark.
Cole, T., Bidoglio, G., Soupioni, M., O'Gorman, M., Gibson, N. (2000) Diffusion mechanisms of multiple strontium species in clay, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac. 64, 385-396. CrossRef
Cornell, R.N. (1993) Adsorption of cesium on minerals: a review, J. Radioanal. Nuc. Chem. 171, 483-500. CrossRef
Cremers, A., Elsen, A., Preter, P.D., Maes, A. (1988) Quantitative analysis of radiocaesium retention in soils, Nature 335, 247-249. CrossRef
Dai, J.L., Zhang, M., Zhu, Y.G. (2004) Adsorption and desorption of iodine by various Chinese soils: I. Iodate, Environ. Int. 30, 525-530. CrossRef
del Debbio J.A. (1991) Sorption of strontium, selenium, cadmium and mercury in soil, Radiochim. Acta 52/53, 181-186.
Deneux-Mustin S., Roussel-Debet S., Mustin C., Henner P., Munier-Lamy C., Colle C., Berthelin J., Garnier-Laplace J., Leyval C. (2003) Mobilité et transfert racinaire des éléments en traces : influence des micro-organismes du sol. Tec & Doc, Lavoisier, Paris.
Dhillon, S., Dhillon, K. (2000) Selenium adsorption in soil as influenced by different anions, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sc. 163, 577-582. 3.0.CO;2-H>CrossRef
Dowdle, P.R., Oremland, R.S. (1998) Microbial Oxidation of Elemental Selenium in Soil Slurries and Bacterial Cultures, Environ. Sci. Technol. 32, 3749-3755. CrossRef
Duc, M., Lefevre, G., Fedoroff, M., Jeanjean, J., Rouchaud, J.C., Monteil-Rivera, F., Dumonceau, J., Milonjic, S. (2003) Sorption of selenium anionic species on apatites and iron oxides from aqueous solutions, J. Environ. Radioactiv. 70, 61-72. CrossRef
Dumat, C., Cheshire, M.V., Fraser, A.R., Shand, C.A., Staunton, S. (1997) The effect of removal of soil organic matter and iron on the adsorption of radiocaesium, E. J. Soil Sci. 48, 675-684. CrossRef
Dynes, J.J., Huang, P.M. (1997) Influence of organic acids on selenite sorption by poorly ordered aluminium hydroxides, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 61, 772-783. CrossRef
Echevarria, G., Vong, P.C., Leclerc-Cessac, E., Morel, J.L. (1997) Bioavailability of technetium-99 as affected by plant species and growth, application form, and soil incubation, J. Environ. Qual. 26, 947-956. CrossRef
Elejalde, C., Herranz, M., Legarda, F., Romero, F. (2000) Determination and analysis of distribution coefficients of 137Cs in soils from Biscay (Spain), Environ. Pollut. 110, 157-164. CrossRef
Evans G.J., Hammad K.A. (1995) Radioanalytical studies of iodine behaviour in the environment, J. Radioanal, Nuc. Chem. 192, 239-247.
Fatoki, O.S. (1997) Biomethylation in the natural environment: A review, S. Afr. J. Sci. 93, 366-370.
Fattahi M., Musikas C., Abbe J.C., Ben Said K., Delorme A. (1997) Chimie du Technetium. In: SUBATECH, Rapport d'activité 1994–1996, pp. 152-155. Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et des Technologies Associées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Nantes.
Forsberg, S., Rosen, K., Brechignac, F. (2001) Chemical availability of 137Cs and 90Sr in undisturbed lysimeter soils maintained under controlled and close-to-real conditions, J. Environ. Radioactiv. 54, 253-265. CrossRef
Frankenberger W.T., Karlson U. (1994) Microbial Volatilization of Selenium from Soils and Sediments. In: Selenium in the Environment (W.T. Frankenberger, S. Benson, Eds.) pp. 369-387. M. Dekker, New York.
Fuge, R., Johnson, C.C. (1986) The geochemistry of iodine, a review, Environ. Geochem. Health. 8, 31-54. CrossRef
Gu B., Schulz R. (1991) Anion retention in soil: application to reduce migration of buried technetium and iodine, A review. Rapport NUREG-CR-5464, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Guo, L., Frankenberger, W.T., Jury, W.A. (1999) Adsorption and degradation of dimethyl selenide in soil, Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 2934-2938. CrossRef
Guivarch, A., Hinsinger, P., Staunton, S. (1999) Root uptake and distribution of radiocaesium from contaminated soils and the enhancement of Cs adsorption in the rhizosphere, Plant and Soil 211, 131-138. CrossRef
Gutierrez, M., Fuentes, H.R. (1991) Competitive adsorption of cesium, cobalt and strontium in conditioned clayey soil suspensions, J. Environ. Radioactiv. 13, 271-282. CrossRef
Hakem, N.L., Mhamid, I., Apps, J.A., Moridis, G.J. (2000) Sorption of Cesium and Strontium on Hanford Soil, J. Radioanal. Nuc. Chem. 246, 275-278. CrossRef
Hansen, D., Duda, P.J., Zayed, A., Terry, N. (1998) Selenium removal by constructed wetland: role of biological volatilization, Environ. Sci. Technol. 32, 591-597. CrossRef
Heninger, I., Potin-Gautier, M., Astruc, M., Galvez, L., Vignier, V. (1998) Speciation of selenium and organotin compounds in sewage sludge applied to land, Chem. Spec. Bioavailab. 10, 1-10. CrossRef
Henrot, J. (1989) Bioaccumulation and chemical modification of Tc by soil bacteria, Health Phys. 57, 239-245. CrossRef
Hird, A.B., Rimmer, D.L., Livens, F.R. (1995) Total caesium fixing potential of acid organic soils, J. Environ. Radioactiv. 26, 103-118. CrossRef
Hsu, C.N., Chang, K.P. (1994) Sorption and desorption behavior of cesium on soil components, Appl. Radiat. Isotopes 45, 433-437. CrossRef
IAEA (1994) Handbook of Parameter Values for the Prediction of Radionuclide Transfer in the Terrestrial and Freshwater Environment. Technical Report series N° 364. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienne.
IAEA (2001) Generic Models for Use in Assessing the Impact of Discharges of Radioactive Substances to the Environment. IAEA Safety Reports Series N° 19. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienne.
Ishii, N., Tagami, K., Enomoto, S., Uchida, S. (2004) Influence of microorganisms on the behavior of technetium and other elements in paddy soil surface water, J. Environ. Radioactiv. 77, 369-380. CrossRef
Jacquier, P., Meier, P., Ly, J. (2001) Adsorption of radioelements on mixtures of minerals. Experimental study, Appl. Geochem. 16, 85-93. CrossRef
Jayaweera, G.R., Biggar, J.W. (1996) Role of redox potential in chemical transformations of selenium in soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 60, 1056-1063. CrossRef
Jensen B. (1980) The geochemistry of radionuclides with long half-lives. Their expected migration behavior. Rapport RISØE R-430, Risø National Laboratory, Denmark.
Kaplan D.I., Iverson G., Mattigod S., Parker K. (2000) 129I - Test and Research to Support Disposal Decisions. Rapport WSRC-TR-2000-00283, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, US.
Kato, H., Nakazawa, T., Ueta, S., Muroi, M., Yasutomi, I., Fujihara, H. (1999) Effective Diffusivities of Iodine, Chlorine, and Carbon in Bentonite Buffer Material, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 556, 687-694. CrossRef
Keppler, F., Borchers, R., Elsner, P., Fahimi, I., Pracht, J., Scholer, H.F. (2003) Formation of volatile iodinated alkanes in soil: results from laboratory studies, Chemosphere 52, 477-483. CrossRef
Khan, S.A., Reman, R.U., Khan, M.A. (1995) Adsorption of Cs(I), Sr(II) and Co(II) on Al2O3, J. Radioanal. Nuc. Chem. 190, 81-96. CrossRef
Krupka K.M., Serne R.J. (2002) Geochemical Factors Affecting the Behavior of Antimony, Cobalt, Europium, Technetium, and Uranium in Vadose Sediments, Rapport PNNL-14126, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, US. DOE.
Landa, E.R., Thorvig, L.H., Gast, R.G. (1977) Effect of selective dissolution, electrolytes, aeration, and sterilization on technetium-99 sorption by soils, J. Environ. Qual. 6, 181-187. CrossRef
Liu, D.C., Hsu, C.N., Chuang, C. (1995) Ion-exchange and sorption kinetics of cesium and strontium in soils, Appl. Radiat. Isotopes 46, 839-846. CrossRef
Llyod, J.R., Sole, V.A., Van Praagh, V.G., Lovley, D.R. (2000) Direct and Fe(II)-Mediated Reduction of Technetium by Fe(III)-Reducing Bacteria, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66, 3743–3749. CrossRef
Losi, M.E., Frankenberger, W.T. (1998) Microbial oxidation and solubilization of precipitated elemental selenium in soil, J. Environ. Qual. 27, 836-843. CrossRef
Lu, N., Mason, C.F.V. (2001) Sorption-desorption behavior of strontium-85 onto montmorillonite and silica colloids, Appl. Geochem. 16, 1653-1662. CrossRef
Mao, J., Xing, B. (1999) Fractionation and Distribution of Selenium in Soils, Com. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 30, 2437-2448. CrossRef
Martens, D.A., Suarez, D.L. (1997) Selenium speciation of soil/sediment determined with sequential extractions and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry, Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, 133-139. CrossRef
Mercier, F., Moulin, V., Guittet, M.J., Barré, N., Toulhoat, N., Gautier-Soyer, M., Toulhoat, P. (2000) Applications of NAA, PIXE and XPS for the quantification and characterization of the humic substances/iodine association, Radiochim. Acta 88, 779-785. CrossRef
Müller, H., Pröhl, G. (1993) ECOSYS-87: A dynamic model for assessing radiological consequences of nuclear accident, Health Phys. 64, 232-250. CrossRef
Muramatsu, Y., Yoshida, S. (1995) Volatilization of methyl iodide from the sol-plant system, Atmos. Environ. 29, 21-25. CrossRef
Muramatsu Y., Yoshida S. (1996) Behaviour of iodine-129 in the soil-plant system. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Radioecology, 22nd-24th April 1996, Vienna. Ten Years Terrestrial Radioecological Research Following the Chernobyl Accident, pp. 207-214. Austrian Soil Science Society, Vienne.
Muramatsu, Y., Uchida, S., Sriyotha, P., Sriyotha, K. (1990) Some considerations on the sorption and desorption phenomena of iodide and iodate on soil, Water Air Soil Pollut. 49, 125-138. CrossRef
Muramatsu, Y., Yoshida, S., Fehn, U., Amachi, S., Ohmomo, Y. (2004) Studies with natural and anthropogenic iodine isotopes: iodine distribution and cycling in the global environment, J. Environ. Radioactiv. 74, 221-232 CrossRef
Neal, R.H., Sposito, G., Holtzclaw, K.M., Traina, S.J. (1987) Selenite adsorption on alluvial soils: I. Soil composition and pH effects, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 51, 1161-1165. CrossRef
Page S.D. (1999) Understanding variation in partition coefficient, Kd, values. United States Office of Air and Radiation EPA 402-R-99-004A, Environmental Protection Agency, US.
Pezzarossa, B., Piccotino, D., Petruzzelli, G. (1999) Sorption and desorption of selenium in different soils of the Mediterranean area, Com. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 30, 2669-2680. CrossRef
Poinssot, C., Baeyens, B., Bradbury, M.H. (1999) Experimental and modelling studies of caesium sorption on illite, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac. 63, 3217-3227. CrossRef
Raja, M.E., Babcock, K.L. (1961) On the soil chemistry of iodine, Soil Sci. 91, 1-5. CrossRef
Rigol, A., Vidal, M., Rauret, G. (2002) An overview of the effect of organic matter on soil-radiocaesium interaction: implications in root uptake, J. Environ. Radioactiv. 58, 191-216. CrossRef
Robeau D., Daburon F., Métivier H. (Eds.) (2000) Le césium de l'environnement à l'Homme, EDP Sciences, Les Ulis.
Robens, E., Hauschild, J., Aumann, D.C. (1989) Iodine 129 in the environment of a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant: part 4. 129I and 127I in undisturbed surface soils, J. Environ. Radioactiv. 9, 17-29. CrossRef
Roden, E.E., Leonardo, M.R., Ferris, F.G. (2002) Immobilization of strontium during iron biomineralization coupled to dissimilatory hydrous ferric oxide reduction, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac. 66, 2823-2839. CrossRef
Rosentreter J.J., Nieves R., Kalivas J., Rousseau J.P., Bartholomay R.C. (1999) The Use of Chemical and Physical Properties for Characterization of Strontium Distribution Coefficients at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho. Rapport DOE/ID-22157. U.S. Geological Survey, Idaho Falls, ID (US).
Roussel-Debet S. (2004) Caractérisation opérationnelle du comportement des radionucléides dans les sols. Rapport IRSN/DEI/SECRE n° 04-32 (Octobre 2004), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, France.
Saas, A., Grauby, A. (1976) An approach to investigations on the behaviour of iodine 129 in the atmosphere-soil-plant system, Health Phys. 31, 21-26. CrossRef
Sanchez, A.L., Smolders, E., Van den Brande, K., Merckx, R., Wright, S.M., Naylor, C. (2002) Predictions of in situ solid/liquid distribution of radiocaesium in soils, J. Environ. Radioactiv. 63, 35-47. CrossRef
Schwartz C., Walter C., Claudot B., Aurousseau P., Bouedo T. (1995) Synthèse nationale des analyses de terre. Rapport de fin de contrat. AFES - DERF, Association Française pour l’Étude des sols, Orléans, France.
Seby, F., Potin-Gautier, M., Giffaut, E., Donard, O.F.X. (1998) Assessing the speciation and the biogeochemical processes affecting the mobility of selenium from a geological repository of radioactive wastes to the biosphere, Analusis 26, 193-198. CrossRef
Sekine, T., Asai, N., Mine, T., Yoshihara, K. (1997) Complexation of technetium traces with humic acid, Radiochem. 39, 309-311.
Sharmasarkar, S., Vance, G. (2002) Selenite–selenate sorption in surface coal mine environment, Adv. Environ. Res. 7, 87-95. CrossRef
Sheppard, S.C. (2003) Interpolation of solid/liquid partition coefficients, Kd, for iodine in soils, J. Environ. Radioactiv. 70, 21-27. CrossRef
Sheppard, M.I., Hawkins, J.L. (1995) Iodine and microbial interactions in an organic soil, J. Environ. Radioactiv. 29, 91-109. CrossRef
Sheppard, M.I., Thibault, D.H. (1990) Default soil/liquid partition coefficients, Kds, for four major soil types: a compendium, Health Phys. 59, 471-482.
Sheppard, S.C., Sheppard, M.I., Evenden, W.G. (1990) A novel method used to examine variation in Tc sorption among 34 soils, aerated and anoxic, J. Environ. Radioactiv. 11, 215-233. CrossRef
Sheppard, M.I., Thibault, D.H., McMurry, J., Smith, P.A. (1995) Factors affecting the soil sorption of iodine, Water Air Soil Pollut. 83, 51-67. CrossRef
Sheppard, M.I., Hawkins, J., Smith, P.A. (1996) Linearity of Iodine sorption and sorption capacities for seven soils, J. Environ. Qual. 25, 1261-1267. CrossRef
Sheppard M.I., Motycka M., Smith P.A. (1997) Soil sorption of Iodine: effects of pH and enzymes. AECL Technical report 777, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Canada.
Stalmans M., Maes A., Cremers A. (1996) Role of organic matter as a geochemical sink for technetium in soils and sediments. In: Technetium in the environment (G. Desmet, C. Myttenaere, Eds.) pp. 91-114. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London.
Staunton, S. (1994) Adsorption of radiocaesium on various soils: interprétation and consequences of the effect of soil – solution ratio and solution composition on the distribution coefficient, Eur. J. Soil Sci. 45, 409-418. CrossRef
Staunton, S., Dumat, C., Zsolnay, A. (2002) Possible role of organic matter in radiocaesium adsorption in soils, J. Environ. Radioactiv. 58, 163-173. CrossRef
Su, C., Suarez, D.L. (2000) Selenate and selenite sorption on iron oxides: an infrared and electrophoretic study, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64, 101-111. CrossRef
Szenknect S. (2003) Transfert de radioéléments en zone non saturée. Étude expérimentale et modélisation appliquées au Site Pilote de Tchernobyl. Thèse Université Joseph Fourier – Grenoble I – Spécialité Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers - 7 octobre 2003.
Tagami, K., Uchida, S. (1999) Chemical transformation of technetium in soil during the change of soil water conditions, Chemosphere 38, 963-972. CrossRef
Thibault D.H., Sheppard M.I., Smith P.A. (1990) A critical compilation and review of default soil solid/liquid partition coefficients Kd, for use in environmental assessments. Rapport AECL - 10125 ROE1L0. Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Canada.
Toso, J.P., Velasco, R.H. (2001) Describing the observed vertical transport of radiocesium in specific soils with three time-dependent models, J. Environ. Radioactiv. 53, 133-144. CrossRef
Trivedi, P., Axe, L. (1999) A comparison of strontium sorption to hydrous aluminum, iron, and manganese oxides, J. Colloid. Interf. Sci. 218, 554-563. CrossRef
Valcke, E., Cremers, A. (1994) Sorption-desorption dynamics of radiocaesium in organic matter soils, Sci. Tot. Environ. 157, 275-283. CrossRef
van der Perk, M., Lev, T., Gillett, A.G., Absalom, J.P., Burrough, P.A., Crout, N.M.J., Garger, E.K., Semiochkina, N., Stephanishin, Y.V., Voigt, G. (2000) Spatial modelling of transfer of long-lived radionuclides from soil to agricultural products in the Chernigov region, Ukraine, Ecol. Model. 128, 35-50. CrossRef
Vilks, P., Baik, M.H. (2001) Laboratory migration experiments with radionuclides and natural colloids in a granite fracture, J. Cont. Hydrol. 47, 197-210. CrossRef
Wang, X., Dong, W., Li, Z., Du, J., Tao, Z. (2000) Sorption and desorption of radiocesium on red earth and its solid components: relative contribution and hysteresis, Appl. Radiat. Isotopes 52, 813-819. CrossRef
Whitehead, D.C. (1973) Studies on iodine in British soils, J. Soil Sci. 24, 260-270. CrossRef
Whitehead, D.C. (1979) Iodine in the UK environment with particular reference to agriculture, J. Appl. Ecol. 16, 269-279. CrossRef
Wildung R.E., Cataldo D.A., Garland T.R. (1985) Volatilization of iodine from soils and plants. In: Speciation of fission and activation products in the environment (R.A. Bulman, J.R. Cooper, Eds.) pp. 244-249. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London.
Wu, L., Van Mantgem, P.J., Guo, X. (1996) Effects of Forage Plant and Field Legume Species on Soil Selenium Redistribution, Leaching, and Bioextraction in Soils Contaminated by Agricultural Drain Water Sediment, Arch. Environ. Con. Tox. 31, 329-338. CrossRef
Yamada, H., Kase, Y., Usuki, M., Kajiyama, S., Yonebayashi, K. (1999) Selective Determination and Formation of Elemental Selenium in Soils, Soil Sci. Plant Nut. 45, 403-408. CrossRef
Yasuda, H., Uchida, S., Muramatsu, Y., Yoshida, S. (1995) Sorption of manganese, cobalt, zinc, strontium and cesium onto agricultural soils: statistical analysis on effect on soil properties, Water Air Soil Pollut. 83, 85-96. CrossRef
Yoshida, S., Muramatsu, Y., Uchida, S. (1992) Studies on the sorption of I– (iodide) and IO3–(iodate) onto andosols, Water Air Soil Pollut. 63, 321-329. CrossRef
Yoshida, S., Muramatsu, Y., Uchida, S. (1998) Soil-solution distribution coefficients, Kd's, of I– and IO3–for 68 Japanese soils, Radiochim. Acta 82, 293-297. CrossRef
Yoshihara, K. (1996) Technetium in the Environment, Top. Curr. Chem. 176, 17-36. CrossRef
Yu C., Orlandini K.A., Cheng J.J., Biwer B.M. (2001) Assessing the Impact of Hazardous constituents on the Mobilization, Transport, and Fate of Radionuclides in RCRA Waste Disposal Units. Rapport ANL/EAD/TM-93, Environmental Assessment Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois.
Zhang, P., Sparks, D.L. (1990) Kinetics of selenate and selenite adsorption/desorption at the goethite/water interface, Environ. Sci. Technol. 24, 1848-1856. CrossRef
Zhang, Y.Q., Frankenberger, W.T. (1999) Effects of Soil Moisture, Depth, and Organic Amendments on Selenium Volatilization, J. Environ. Qual. 28, 1321-1326. CrossRef
Zhang, Y.Q., Frankenberger, W.T., Moore, J.N. (1999) Effect of Soil Moisture on Dimethylselenide Transport and Transformation to Nonvolatile Selenium, Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 3415-3420. CrossRef