Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T04:22:14.332Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Variation of Surface Radiocarbon in the North Pacific During Summer Season 2004–2016

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 April 2019

T Aramaki*
Affiliation:
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Japan
S Nakaoka
Affiliation:
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Japan
Y Terao
Affiliation:
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Japan
S Kushibashi
Affiliation:
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Japan
T Kobayashi
Affiliation:
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Japan
Y Osonoi
Affiliation:
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Japan
H Mukai
Affiliation:
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Japan
Y Tohjima
Affiliation:
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Japan
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected].

Abstract

Surface radiocarbon (Δ14C) in the North Pacific has been monitored using a commercial volunteer observation ship since the early 2000s. Here we report the temporal and spatial variations in Δ14C in the summer surface water when the surface ocean is vertically stratified over a 13-yr period, 2004–2016. The long-term Δ14C decreasing trend after the late 1970s in the subtropical region has continued to the present and the rate of decrease of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension, North Pacific and California current areas is calculated to be –3.3, –5.2 and –3.3 ‰/yr, respectively. After 2012 the Δ14C of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension area, however, has remained at an approximately constant value of around 50‰. The result may indicate that subtropical surface Δ14C in the western North Pacific has reached an equilibrium with atmospheric Δ14CO2. The Δ14C in the subarctic region is markedly lower than values in the subtropical region and it seems that the decreasing tendency of surface Δ14C has changed to an increasing tendency after 2010. The results may indicate that bomb-produced 14C, which has accumulated below the mixed layer in the past few decades, has been entrained into the surface layer by deep convection.

Type
Conference Paper
Copyright
© 2019 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Selected Papers from the 23rd International Radiocarbon Conference, Trondheim, Norway, 17–22 June, 2018

References

REFERENCES

Aramaki, T, Mizushima, T, Mizutani, Y, Yamatoto, T, Togawa, O, Kabuto, S, Kuji, T, Gottdang, A, Klein, M, Mous, DJW. 2000. The AMS facility at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI). Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 172:1823.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aramaki, T, Nojiri, Y, Mukai, H, Kushibashi, S, Uchida, M, Shibata, Y. 2010. Preliminary results of radiocarbon monitoring in the surface waters of the North Pacific. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 268:10981101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broecker, WS, Gerard, R, Ewing, M, Heezen, B. 1960. Natural radiocarbon in the Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 65:29032931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broecker, WS, Peng, T-H, Östlund, G, Stuiver, M. 1985. The distribution of bomb radiocarbon in the ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 90:69536970.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Druffel, ERM. 1987. Bomb radiocarbon in the Pacific: Annual and seasonal timescale variations. Journal of Marine Research 45:667698.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Druffel, ERM. 1989. Decade time scale variability of ventilation in the North Atlantic determined from high precision measurements of bomb radiocarbon in banded corals. Journal of Geophysical Research 94:32713285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Druffel, ERM, Griffin, S. 2008. Daily variability of dissolved inorganic radiocarbon at three sites in the surface ocean. Marine Chemistry 110:185189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Druffel, EM, Linick, TW. 1978. Radiocarbon in annual coral rings of Florida. Geophysical Research Letters 5:913916.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Druffel, EM, Suess, HE. 1983. On the radiocarbon record in banded corals: exchange parameters and net transport of 14CO2 between atmosphere and surface ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 88:12711280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Key, RM, Quay, PD, Schlosser, P, McNichol, AP, von Reden, KF, Schneider, RJ, Elder, KL, Stuiver, M, Östlund, HG. 2002. WOCE radiocarbon IV: Pacific Ocean results; P10, P13N, P14C, P18, P19 & S4P. Radiocarbon 44(1):239392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitagawa, H, Masuzawa, T, Nakamura, T, Matsumoto, E. 1993. A batch preparation method of graphite targets with low background for AMS 14C measurements. Radiocarbon 35(2):295300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kume, H, Shibata, Y, Tanaka, A, Yoneda, M, Kumamoto, Y, Uehiro, T, Morita, M. 1997. The AMS facility at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 123:3133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levin, I, Kromer, B. 2004. The tropospheric 14CO2 level in mid latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (1959–2003). Radiocarbon 46(3):12611271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levin, I, Hammer, S, Kromer, B, Meinhardt, F. 2008. Radiocarbon observations in atmospheric CO2: determining fossil fuel CO2 over Europe using Jungfraujoch observations as background. Science of the Total Environment 391(2–3):211216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2019. https://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Products/ocean/sst/anomaly/.Google Scholar
Nozaki, Y, Rye, DM, Turekian, KK, Dodge, RE. 1978. A 200 year record of carbon-13 and carbon-14 variations in a Bermuda coral. Geophysical Research Letters 5:825828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nydal, R, Lovseth, K. 1983. Tracing bomb 14C in the atmosphere 1962–1980. Journal of Geophysical Research 88:36213642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDuffee, K, Druffel, ERM. 2007. Daily variability of dissolved inorganic radiocarbon in Sargasso Sea surface water. Marine Chemistry 106:510515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morimoto, M, Kitagawa, H, Shibata, Y, Kayanne, H. 2004. Seasonal radiocarbon variation of surface seawater recorded in a coral from Kikai Island, subtropical northwestern Pacific. Radiocarbon 46(2):643648.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, PP, Nojiri, Y, Fujinuma, Y, Wong, CS, Zeng, J, Kimoto, T, Kimoto, H. 2001. Measurements of surface seawater fCO2 from volunteer commercial ships: techniques and experiences from Skaugran. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 18:17191734.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Östlund, HG, Stuiver, M. 1980. GEOSECS Pacific radiocarbon. Radiocarbon 22(1):2553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peng, T-H, Key, RM, Östlund, HG. 1998. Temporal variations of bomb radiocarbon inventory in the Pacific Ocean. Marine Chemistry 60:313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M, Östlund, HG. 1980. GEOSECS Atlantic radiocarbon. Radiocarbon 22(1):124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M, Östlund, HG. 1983. GEOSECS Indian Ocean and Mediterranean radiocarbon. Radiocarbon 25(1):129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuiver, M, Polach, HA. 1977. Discussion: reporting of 14C data. Radiocarbon 19(3):355363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeng, J, Nojiri, Y, Murphy, PP, Wong, CS, Fujinuma, Y. 2002. A comparison of ΔpCO2 distributions in the northern North Pacific using results from a commercial vessel in 1995–1999. Deep-Sea Research 49:53035315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Aramaki et al. supplementary material

Aramaki et al. supplementary material 1

Download Aramaki et al. supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 4 MB